Conferences
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Conference and Meeting Announcements
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2006
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December
Phase II trial of bevacizumab and erlotinib in patients with metastatic renal carcinoma (RCC)
Reviewer: Maria Luisa Veronese, MD
Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: June 5, 2004
This presentation discusses off-label use of bevacizumab for RCC. It also discusses the use of erlotinib for the treatment of RCC which has not been approved by the FDA.
Presenter: J.D. Hainsworth
Presenter's Affiliation: Sarah Cannon Cancer Center/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
Type of Session: Scientific
Background
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing with aproximately 30,000 new cases expected this year. The median survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is approximately one year and only 10% of patients survive more than 2 years. High-dose IL-2 and IFN-a produce responses in a minority of patients. One of the most common genetic abnormalities in RCC is loss of the VHL protein which results in activation of HIFa and factors regulated by HIFa such as VEGF, PDGF, TGF, and EGF. The rationale of this study rests on the hypothesis that combined VEGF and EGFR inhibition would result in more effective treatment. Also, bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, has shown to prolong time to tumor progression (TTP) in second-line therapy of advanced RCC versus placebo.
Materials and Methods
62 patients with metastatic RCC who had failed 0 or 1 previous systemic regimens were entered to the study between 2/2003 and 1/2004
The median age was 61 and there were 50 males and 12 females
Most patients did not received prior chemotherapy treatment
All patients had prior nephrectomy
Most common sites of metastases: lung, liver, bones, lymph-nodes and adrenals
Motzer risk category: 26 patients (42%) low risk; 20 (32%) intermediate risk; 16 (26%) high
No previous anti-angiogenesis agents or EGFR inhibitors were permitted
Treatment:
bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks; erlotinib 150 mg PO daily
Evaluation for response after 8 weeks
Treatment continued until disease progressionResults
58 patients were evaluable for response: CR 0 (0%), PR 12 (21%), SD/MR 38 (66%), MR 12 (21%), PD 8 (13%)
Objective responses were observed in lung, liver, bone, lymph-node, and adrenal metastasis
No difference in response between the different risk category groups
Progression free survival (PFS) at 6 and 12 months was 67% and 50% respectively and overall survival (OS) was 92% and 81% respectively.
Most common severe toxicities (grade 3 or 4): rash (13%), diarrhea (10%), nausea/vomiting (6%), hypertension (8%), bleeding (5%) (mostly epistaxis), and proteinura (3%).Author's Conclusions
The combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib has substantial clinical activity in RCC
The activity of the combination is superior to the activity of either agent when used as monotherapy
Comparison of this combination with standard regimens is indicated
The use of agents targeting different pathways involved in the development of RCC is supported and further studies with different combinations are warranted
Clinical/Scientific Implications
The study reports the results of a phase II clinical trial of a combination of two targeted agents, the monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF,bevacizumab, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. Our understanding of the multiple genetic abnormalities and alterations of different biochemical pathways underlying the development of tumors has resulted in the discovery of novel agents targeting specific pathways. Results of clinical trials with these agents as monotherapy have shown modest clinical activity in RCC. The regimen bevacizumab/erlotinib has demonstrated substantial activity in this disease supporting the hypothesis that combining agents targeting multiple biochemical pathways results in more effective treatment. It would be important to identify the patient population that will benefit from this or similar therapy and to predict early during treatment which patients will progress. Efforts to define markers of response in subsequent trials are necessary. Further study of this combination approach is warranted.
Oncolink's ASCO Coverage made possible by an unrestricted Educational Grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology.