• [Kaposi's sarcoma another new infectious disease?]

• HHV-8 infection in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Brazil.

• Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor of the appendix vermiformis in a patient with aids.

• Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8 infections on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma.

• Effect of order of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesvirus 8 on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma.

• Stridor and difficult airway in an AIDS patient.

• [Opportunistic episodes in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus during the first 6 months of HAART]

• Kaposi's sarcoma.

CancerMail from the National Cancer Institute

1
UI - 21360537
AU - Linnavuori K; Vaheri A
TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma another new infectious disease?]
SO - Duodecim 1997;113(9):795, 797-8
AD - Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.

2
UI - 21341627
AU - Keller R; Zago A; Viana MC; Bourboulia D; Desgranges C; Casseb J; Moura WV; Dietze R; Collandre H
TI - HHV-8 infection in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Brazil.
SO - Braz J Med Biol Res 2001 Jul;34(7):879-86
AD - Nucleo de Doencas Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brasil. kellygtr@npd.ufes.br
The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in HIV-positive Brazilian patients with (HIV+/KS+) and without Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV+/KS-) using PCR and immunofluorescence assays, to assess its association with KS disease, to evaluate the performance of these tests in detecting HHV-8 infection, and to investigate the association between anti-HHV-8 antibody titers, CD4 counts and staging of KS disease. Blood samples from 66 patients, 39 HIV+/KS+ and 27 HIV+/KS-, were analyzed for HHV-8 viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR and HHV-8 antigenemia for latent and lytic infection by immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples for latent nuclear HHV-8 antigen (LNA) antibodies were titrated out from 1/100 to (1/4)09,600 dilution. Clinical information was collected from medical records and risk behavior was assessed through an interview. HHV-8 DNA sequences were detected by PCR in 74.3% of KS+ patients and in 3.7% of KS- patients. Serological assays were similar in detecting anti-LNA antibodies and anti-lytic antigens in sera from KS+ patients (79.5%) and KS- patients (18.5%). HHV-8 was associated with KS whatever the method used, i.e., PCR (odds ratio (OR) = 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.16-25.61) or anti-LNA and anti-lytic antibodies (OR = 17.0, 95%CI = 4.91-59.14). Among KS+ patients, HHV-8 titration levels correlated positively with CD4 counts (rho 0.48, P = 0.02), but not with KS staging. HHV-8 is involved in the development of KS in different geographic areas worldwide, as it is in Brazil, where HHV-8 is more frequent among HIV+ patients. KS severity was associated with immunodeficiency, but no correlation was found between HHV-8 antibody titers and KS staging.

3
UI - 21384835
AU - Basilio-de-Oliveira C; Eyer-Silva WA; Valle HA; Rodrigues AL; Pinheiro Pimentel AL; Morais-De-Sa CA
TI - Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor of the appendix vermiformis in a patient with aids.
SO - Braz J Infect Dis 2001 Apr;5(2):98-100
AD - Departments of Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Gaffre e Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Mycobacterial pseudotumor (MP) is a rare pathologic presentation of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, hitherto reported to occur only in immunosuppressed patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection. This lesion shares close pathologic resemblance to certain mesenchymal neoplasms, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), from which it must be properly differentiated due to distinct prognosis and therapy. We report a case of MP obliterating the lumen of the appendix vermiformis in a 34-year-old patient who died of complications of AIDS at our hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A total of 24 cases of MP (including our patient) have been described in the literature. MP has been found especially in lymph nodes, but extranodal lesions have been described in the skin, spleen, lung, bone marrow, brain and, in our patient, the appendix vermiformis. We offer a review of the other 23 published case reports of MP in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients and discuss the pathologic features that differentiate MP from KS.

4
UI - 20298916
AU - Jacobson LP; Jenkins FJ; Springer G; Munoz A; Shah KV; Phair J; Zhang Z; Armenian H
TI - Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8 infections on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - J Infect Dis 2000 Jun;181(6):1940-9
AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ljacobso@jhsph.edu
To determine Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) risk related to timing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infections, stored longitudinal sera from 400 homosexual men with known dates of HIV-1 seroconversion (+/-4.5 months) were tested for HHV-8 antibody. Times from HHV-8 seroconversion to KS were compared for the 69 men who became infected with HHV-8 after acquiring HIV-1 to the 182 men who were HHV-8 seropositive before their HIV-1 infection. None developed KS before coinfection. HHV-8 seroconversion after HIV-1 infection increased the risk of KS (risk ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.10) compared with those infected with HHV-8 before HIV-1. The KS hazards in HHV-8-infected men increased by 60% (P<.001) for each year of HIV-1 infection. Faster CD4 cell loss and higher HIV-1 RNA levels significantly predicted KS. The quicker development of KS in men acquiring HHV-8 after HIV-1 and its association with CD4 slope argues that KS is more likely if HHV-8 infection occurs in an immunocompromised person.

5
UI - 21162877
AU - Cannon MJ; Pellett PE
TI - Effect of order of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesvirus 8 on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - J Infect Dis 2001 Apr 15;183(8):1304-5

6
UI - 21416872
AU - Alkhuja S; Menkel R; Patel B; Ibrahimbacha A
TI - Stridor and difficult airway in an AIDS patient.
SO - AIDS Patient Care STDS 2001 Jun;15(6):293-5
AD - Division of of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Bronx, New York 10457-2594, USA. salkuja@aol.com
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although KS involves the head and neck in AIDS patients, difficult airway due to KS in an AIDS patient has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a patient with AIDS and cutaneous KS who developed inspiratory stridor and required an emergent tracheostomy. AIDS patients with cutaneous KS should have an assessment of the upper airway even in the absence of airway-related symptoms. If KS is present in the upper airway, fiber optic and/or radiologic studies are indicated to assess the extent of KS, and to define the appropriate interventions.

7
UI - 21352930
AU - Gonzalez-Castillo J; Blanco F; Soriano V; Barreiro P; Concepcion Bravo M; Jimenez-Nacher I; Gonzalez-Lahoz J
TI - [Opportunistic episodes in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus during the first 6 months of HAART]
SO - Med Clin (Barc) 2001 Jun 23;117(3):81-4
AD - Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Carlos III, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid. jgdelcastillo@terra.es
BACKGROUND: We aimed at analysing the incidence and characteristics of opportunistic events (OE) within a few months after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study of HIV infected outclinic patients attended in a HIV/AIDS reference hospital in Madrid, who initiated HAART during the second semester of 1998, with a baseline CD4 cell count 250 x 10(6) cells/l. We recorded the incidence of OE within 6 months after beginning HAART and analysed virological and immunological parameters, sociodemographic variables and types of antiretroviral treatment. RESULTS: The study included 269 patients. Twenty-one (7.8%) OE were recorded. At the onset of HAART, the mean CD4 cell count in these 21 patients was 137 (92) x 10(6)/land the median viral load was 24,043 cop/ml. At the time of OE diagnosis, these parameters were 218 (114) x 10(6)/l (p = 0.012) and < 500 cop/ml, respectively. OE were distributed as follows: herpes zoster, 9 cases (43%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 5 cases (24%), Kaposi sarcoma,3 cases (14%) and tuberculosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 case each. Overall, 78% of OE occurred within first 4 months after beginning HAART. In addition, an OE was developed by 8% patients treated with NRTI and PI, 2% treated with NRTI and NNRTI, and 10% treated with NRTI,NNRTI and PI (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected subjects with low CD4 counts are prone to develop OE within the first few moths after beginning HAART. An inflammatory response to latent antigens due to the immune recovery might explain this fact.

8
UI - 21371954
AU - Aboulafia DM
TI - Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - Clin Dermatol 2001 May-Jun;19(3):269-83
AD - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Mason Clinic, Seattle, Washington 98111, USA. hemdma@vmmc.org

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