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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Testicular Cancer - September 2001
Last Modified: November 1, 2001

Table of Contents

CancerMail from the National Cancer Institute

1
UI - 21183414
AU - Mironenko TV; Komarevtsev VN; Khvorostianoi KV
TI - [The affection of the nervous system in patients with malignant tumor of testis]
SO - Klin Khir 2000 May;(5):43-5
Clinical observations of intracranial metastases of seminoma testis were performed together with studying of their morphological types and cerebral localization.

2
UI - 21243938
AU - Pereira Arias JG; Ateca Diaz-Obregon R; Ullate Jaime V; Gutierrez Diez JM; Ramirez Rodriguez MM; Etxezarraga Zuluaga MC; Berreteaga Gallastegui JR
TI - [Metachronous contralateral Leydig cell tumor of the testis: conservative treatment]
SO - Actas Urol Esp 2001 Feb;25(2):133-8
AD - Servicio de Urologia, Hospital de San Eloy, Barakaldo, Vizcaya.
Leydig cell tumors are the primary nongerm cell tumors of the testis, comprising approximately 1 to 3% of all testicular neoplasms. These tumors are bilateral in 5 to 10% of cases. Hypoechoic testicular nodule associated to a child virilising syndrome or adult gynecomastia with negative testis tumor markers (AFP, B-HCG) show a high index suspicion for this entity. We report a case of metachronous contralateral Leydig cell tumor in a 32 years old man with a 9 year interval between presentations, in which we performed local excision of the lesion. Diagnostic an therapeutic aspects are reviewed in literature. Since preoperative diagnosis of Leydig cell tumors in difficult and clinical course unpredictible, radical orchiectomy has been the standard treatment. Emphasis is made on conservative management opportunity in patients with only one testis, small tumors (less than 2.5 cm) with biopsies from tumor bed negative and wishes to remain fertile and/or refuses androgen supplementation. Follow-up is mandatory by performing scrotal ultrasounds. CT scan, Chest X-Ray, tumor markers and hormone determinations (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH).

3
UI - 21404920
AU - Giwercman A; Petersen PM
TI - Cancer and male infertility.
SO - Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 Jun;14(3):453-71
AD - University Department of Urology, Malmo University Hospital, Malmo, SE, 20502, Sweden.
An increasing proportion of boys and young men with cancer will survive their disease and desire fertility. Unfortunately, the cancer treatment, and in some cases the malignant disease itself, may have a negative and permanent impact on the individual's fertility potential. This effect is highly dependent on the type and dose of therapy as well as the age at which it has been given. Basic knowledge in this field is necessary to enable oncologists and fertility specialists to counsel these patients about their fertility prospects and, if appropriate, advise them to take precautions (e.g. the cryopreservation of semen) to safeguard their fertility. Another aspect of the relationship between cancer and infertility is the possibility that men with testicular dysfunction may have an increased risk of testicular cancer. Screening for early testicular malignancy may therefore be advisable in some groups of men with poor semen quality. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

4
UI - 21416742
AU - Niwakawa M; Tobisu K
TI - [The role of tumor markers in the treatment of germ cell tumor]
SO - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001 Aug;28(8):1159-65
AD - Urology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1, Tukiji, 5 Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Alfa fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), beta HCG and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are powerful markers of germ cell tumors. The role of tumor markers is very important in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of germ cell tumors, respectively. We can often deduce the histological typing of germ cell tumors by tumor marker elevation before surgery. Tumor markers also frequently provide clues as to outcome in individual cases before treatment. The half-life of tumor markers during chemotherapy indicate the effect of the treatment. The optimal regimen of chemotherapy should therefore be selected based on the half-life of tumor markers. Normalized tumor markers designate the phase of discussion on surgical indications. Determination of tumor markers is important in following patients after treatment of germ cell tumors. The elevation of serum tumor markers denotes recurrence and is often the first sign of treatment failure.

5
UI - 21324676
AU - Sonmez K; Turkyilmaz Z; Boyacioglu M; Edali MN; Ozen O; Basaklar AC; Kale N
TI - Diffuse fibrous proliferation of tunica vaginalis associated with testicular infarction: a case report.
SO - J Pediatr Surg 2001 Jul;36(7):1057-8
AD - Departments of Pediatric Surgery And Pathology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
Fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis is an uncommon lesion of unknown pathogenesis. Although this reactive process of testicular tunics is benign, this usually is diagnosed after radical orchiectomy. The authors describe a case of fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis associated with testicular infarction. To our knowledge, this is the first case presented with similar association, second case consisting predominantly of myofibroblasts and the fourth reported case encountered in childhood. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.

6
UI - 21432350
AU - Moller H
TI - Hormones and endocrine disrupters in food and water: possible impact on human health. Epidemiology of human disorders.
SO - APMIS Suppl 2001;(103):S557-9
AD - Thames Cancer Registry, St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK.

7
UI - 20531772
AU - Harland SJ
TI - Conundrum of the hereditary component of testicular cancer.
SO - Lancet 2000 Oct 28;356(9240):1455-6
AD - Department of Oncology, University College London, UK.

8
UI - 21078388
AU - Kume H; Tachikawa T; Teramoto S; Isurugi K; Kitamura T
TI - Bilateral testicular tumour in neurofibromatosis type 1.
SO - Lancet 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):395-6

9
UI - 21424062
AU - De Santis M; Bokemeyer C; Becherer A; Stoiber F; Oechsle K; Kletter K; Dohmen BM; Dittrich C; Pont J
TI - Predictive impact of 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography for residual postchemotherapy masses in patients with bulky seminoma.
SO - J Clin Oncol 2001 Sep 1;19(17):3740-4
AD - Department of Medical Oncology and Luwdig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Cancer Research, Kaiser Franz Josef Spital, Wien, Austria.
PURPOSE: To establish the predictive potential of 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) for detecting viable tumor tissue in residual postchemotherapy masses of seminoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective multicenter trial, results of FDG PET studies in seminoma patients with postchemotherapy masses > or = 1 cm were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome on follow-up without resection. Negative PET scans of residual lesions that were devoid of viable tumor tissue on resection or disappeared, shrunk, or remained stable in size for at least 2 years were rated as true-negative (TN). Positive scans without histologic or clinical evidence of tumor tissue were classified as false-positive. In patients with histologically positive or progressive lesions, positive PET scans were defined as true-positive (TP) and negative scans, false-negative (FN). RESULTS: Thirty-seven PET scans of 33 patients were assessable at a median follow-up time of 23 months (range, 2 to 46 months). Histologic data were available from nine patients who had undergone resection. Twenty-eight patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically. Twenty-eight scans were TN, eight were TP, and one was FN. All 14 residual lesions more than 3 cm and 22 (96%) of the 23 < or = 3 cm were correctly predicted by FDG PET. The specificity (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7% to 100%), sensitivity (89%; 95% CI, 51.7% to 99.7%), positive predictive value (100%), and the negative predictive value (97%) of FDG PET were superior to data obtained by assessing residual tumor size (< or = or > 3 cm). CONCLUSION: FDG PET is a clinically useful predictor of viable tumor in postchemotherapy residuals of pure seminoma, especially those greater than 3 cm.

10
UI - 21395064
AU - von Eyben FE; Madsen EL; Blaabjerg O; Petersen PH; von der Maase H; Jacobsen GK; Rorth M
TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 and relapse in patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors clinical stage I.
SO - Acta Oncol 2001;40(4):536-40
AD - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. feve@post5.tele.dk
Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 catalytic concentration (S-LD-1) was measured at the time of orchiectomy in 104 patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSTGCT) clinical stage I who participated in a randomized study comparing surveillance after orchiectomy (group I) and radiotherapy (group II). For 68 patients, S-LD-1 was measured in a serum sample before or on the day of the orchiectomy. Twenty-seven patients (40%) had elevated S-LD-1; median 102 U/L (range 41-335). For the remaining 36 patients. S-LD-1 was measured in a serum sample after orchiectomy: 8 of these patients (22%) had elevated S-LD-1. S-LD-1 was normalized shortly after surgery in most patients with a preorchiectomy elevated S-LD-1. Fifteen of the 68 patients relapsed: 9 out of 27 with an elevated S-LD-1 and 6 out of 41 patients with normal S-LD-1 (p = 0.13, Fisher's exact test). In group 1, those with a preoperatively elevated S-LD-1 had a lower 8-years' relapse-free survival than those with a normal S-LD-1 (40% vs. 80%, p = 0.003, log-rank test). The role of S-LD-1 in the staging, prognostication and monitoring of patients with NSGCT clinical stage I should be further explored in a large, prospective study.

11
UI - 21160514
AU - Suzuki K; Shioji Y; Morita T; Tokue A
TI - Primary testicular plasmacytoma with hydrocele of the testis.
SO - Int J Urol 2001 Mar;8(3):139-40
AD - Department of Urology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan. urology@jichi.ac.jp
A case of primary testicular plasmacytoma complicated with hydrocele of the testis is reported. An 86-year-old man presented with hydrocele of the right testis. High inguinal orchiectomy was performed as the preoperative aspiration cytology of the hydrocele fluid showed atypical cells. Immunohistochemical study of the right testis revealed testicular plasmacytoma positive for IgG. He remained well 9 months after the orchiectomy. This is the second reported case where the preoperative diagnosis of testicular plasmacytoma was made based on the hydrocele fluid cytology.

12
UI - 21316160
AU - Cortes D; Thorup JM; Visfeldt J
TI - Cryptorchidism: aspects of fertility and neoplasms. A study including data of 1,335 consecutive boys who underwent testicular biopsy simultaneously with surgery for cryptorchidism.
SO - Horm Res 2001;55(1):21-7
AD - Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
PURPOSE: An attempt to make a rational strategy for treatment of cryptorchidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1,335 cryptorchid boys with biopsy at surgery (1,638 specimens). We studied: frequency of no germ cells in biopsies from 698 patients <12 years at surgery; fertility potential of 140 patients who were now adults, and apperance of testicular neoplasia in all biopsies. RESULTS: Lack of germ cells appeared from 18 months. The frequency increased with increasing age. It appeared in 30% (61/202) bilateral, and 18% (88/496) unilateral cases. In men who had undergone bilateral or unilateral orchiopexy, respectively, there was normal sperm count in 19% (14/75) and 83% (54/65), and infertility was suspected in 56% (42/75) and 8% (5/65) (FE, p < 0.00005, p < 0.00005), respectively. The lowest, the mean, and the highest age-matched spermatogonia count per tubule at orchiopexy was associated with sperm count (Spearman test, p < 0.0001, p < 0.005, p < 0.05). Isolated, this was demonstrated for the 75 formerly bilateral (Spearman, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001), but not the 65 formerly unilateral cases (Spearman, p = 1.0). No germ cells at orchiopexy was associated with suspected infertility. Risk was 78-100% in bilateral (dependent on one or both testes affected), and 33% in unilateral cryptorchidism. There was one invasive germ cell tumor, six cases of carcinoma in situ testis, and one Sertoli cell tumor. Three neoplasms were diagnosed in intra-abdominal testes, four in boys with abnormal external genitalia, and two in boys with known abnormal karyotype. Risk of neoplasia was 5% (7/150) in patients with intra-abdominal testis, abnormal external genitalia or diagnosed abnormal karyotype, versus 0% (0/1,185) in patients without these characteristics (FE, p < 0.00005). CONCLUSION: We recommend surgery for cryptorchidism before 15-18 months of age because: (a) lack of germ cells is very rare before, and (b) lack of germ cells is associated with subsequent risk of infertility. At primary surgery for cryptorchidism, we recommend examination for testicular neoplasia in cases of intra-abdominal testis, abnormal external genitalia or known abnormal karyotype.

13
UI - 21389302
AU - Anderson MS; Brogi E; Biller BM
TI - Occult Leydig cell tumor in a patient with gynecomastia.
SO - Endocr Pract 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):267-71
AD - Neuroendocrine Unit and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a clinically occult testicular tumor causing gynecomastia and to alert physicians to the importance of use of testicular ultrasonography in patients with progressive gynecomastia despite normal findings on testicular examination. METHODS: We present a detailed case, including results of clinical, laboratory, and radiologic assessment, of a man with hyperprolactinemia and gynecomastia. RESULTS: A 36-year-old man with progressive gynecomastia was referred to our clinic because of an increased serum prolactin level. Subsequent clinical investigation revealed no evidence of hypogonadism and several possible causes of the gynecomastia. Because of the patient's age and progressive symptoms, testicular ultrasonography was performed despite normal findings on testicular examination. This ultrasound study showed a right testicular mass, which proved to be a Leydig cell tumor. The patient was referred for definitive therapy with orchiectomy. Follow-up studies showed resolution of the gynecomastia and substantial decreases in prolactin and estradiol levels. CONCLUSION: Although gynecomastia is a relatively common disorder with a benign cause in most cases, physicians should be aware that normal findings on testicular examination do not completely rule out the possibility of a testicular tumor as the cause. Because of the potentially high morbidity of testicular tumors and their known association with gynecomastia, early performance of testicular ultrasonography in a patient with gynecomastia of unknown cause is advised.

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