Table of Contents
1
UI - 11939675
AU - Lin HY; Lee FL; Ko YC; Hsieh YL
TI -
Multifocal retinoblastomas treated with transpupillary thermotherapy.
SO - Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2002 Jan;65(1):41-4
AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and
National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC.
2
UI - 11875173
AU - Butros LJ; Abramson DH; Dunkel IJ
TI -
Delayed diagnosis of retinoblastoma: analysis of degree, cause, and
potential consequences.
SO - Pediatrics 2002 Mar;109(3):E45
AD - Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, New York 10021, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the degree, cause, and consequence of delays from
presenting signs to diagnosis of retinoblastoma. METHODS: A
retrospective chart review was conducted of 64 consecutive patients who
presented to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with newly
diagnosed retinoblastoma. Seven patients with a positive family history
were excluded. RESULTS: The median times from presenting signs to
diagnosis for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease were 1.5
and 2.25 months (range: 0--46), respectively; for those who presented
with leukocoria and strabismus, median times were 1.5 (range: 0--46) and
2.5 months (range: 0--24). Parents noted the first signs in 75% of the
cases. Seventy-seven percent delayed seeking treatment, and primary care
physicians (PCPs) delayed referral in 30%. Only 3 patients were referred
from PCPs solely for physical examination findings. No adverse
consequence of delayed diagnosis could be established clearly, but a
trend toward eye loss being associated with longer delays in patients
with bilateral retinoblastoma was noted. CONCLUSION: Leukocoria and
strabismus secondary to retinoblastoma are usually first recognized by
relatives rather than PCPs. At routine visits, PCPs should inform
parents about the importance of reporting eye abnormalities, and
children whose parents complain of leukocoria (white, shiny, jello-like
eye) should be referred promptly to an ophthalmologist regardless of
whether an absent red reflex is appreciated.
3
UI - 11934319
AU - Shields CL; Honavar SG; Shields JA; Demirci H; Meadows AT; Naduvilath TJ
TI -
Factors predictive of recurrence of retinal tumors, vitreous seeds, and
subretinal seeds following chemoreduction for retinoblastoma.
SO - Arch Ophthalmol 2002 Apr;120(4):460-4
AD - Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, 900 Walnut St,
Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical features of eyes with
retinoblastomas that predict the recurrence of retinal tumors, vitreous
seeds, and subretinal seeds following treatment with chemoreduction.
DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized single-center clinical trial. SETTING:
Ocular oncology service at Wills Eye Hospital of Thomas Jefferson
University (Philadelphia, Pa) in conjunction with the division of
oncology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. PARTICIPANTS: There
were 158 eyes with 364 tumors in 103 consecutive patients with
1999. INTERVENTION: All patients received treatment for retinoblastoma
with 6 cycles of chemoreduction using vincristine, etoposide, and
carboplatin combined with focal treatment (cryotherapy, thermotherapy,
or plaque radiotherapy) for each retinal tumor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The 3 main outcome measures included recurrence of retinal tumors,
recurrence of vitreous seeds, and recurrence of subretinal seeds. The
clinical features at the initial examination were analyzed for their
association with the main outcome measures using a series of Cox
proportional hazards regressions. RESULTS: All retinal tumors, vitreous
seeds, and subretinal seeds showed an initial favorable response of
regression during this treatment regimen. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates,
at least 1 retinal tumor recurrence per eye was found in 37% of eyes at
1 year, 51% at 3 years, and no further increase at 5 years. By
multivariate analysis, the only factor predictive of retinal tumor
recurrence was the presence of tumor-associated subretinal seeds at the
initial examination. Of the 54 eyes that had vitreous seeds at the
initial examination, vitreous seed recurrence was found in 26% of eyes
at 1 year, 46% at 3 years, and 50% at 5 years. By univariate analysis,
the only factor predictive of vitreous seed recurrence was the presence
of tumor-associated subretinal seeds at the initial examination. Of the
71 eyes that had subretinal seeds at the initial examination, subretinal
seed recurrence was detected in 53% of eyes at 1 year, 62% at 3 years,
and no further increase at 5 years. By multivariate analysis, factors
predictive of subretinal seed recurrence included a tumor base greater
than 15 mm and a patient age of 12 months or younger at diagnosis. There
were no patients who developed retinoblastoma metastasis,
pinealoblastoma, or second malignant neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS:
Chemoreduction combined with focal therapy is effective for selected
eyes with retinoblastomas. Eyes with subretinal seeds at initial
examination are at particular risk for recurrence of retinal tumor and
vitreous seeds. Younger patients with large tumors are at risk for
recurrence of subretinal seeds. Retinal tumor and subretinal seed
recurrence seems to manifest within 3 years of follow-up. Close
follow-up of all patients treated with chemoreduction is warranted.
4
UI - 11911245
AU - Kondo Y; Tanaka Y; Shields J A; Kondo S
TI -
Association between telomerase activity and basic fibroblast growth
factor up-regulation in retinoblastomas.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):3765-72
AD - Center for Surgery Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195,
USA. Yasuko.Kondo@mssm.edu
BACKGROUND: Telomerase is an enzyme associated with cellular immortality
and malignancy in many cell types. On the other hand, growth factors
such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or platelet-derived growth
factor (PDGF) promote tumor growth, whereas the association between
telomerase and these growth factors remains unclear. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: Telomerase activity and expression of bFGF and PDGF were
assayed in 9 retinoblastoma tissues and 2 cell lines (WERI-Rb-1 and
Y79). The association of telomerase activity with bFGF or PDGF was
investigated. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in three out of
nine tissues and both cell lines. Two telomerase highly-positive tissues
and WERI-Rb-1 and Y79 cells expressed bFGF. As for the expression of
PDGF, only one retinoblastoma tissue with high telomerase was positive.
To further determine whether telomerase activity and bFGF are closely
associated, we inhibited each expression. Inhibition of telomerase in
WERI-Rb-1 cells using the anti-sense treatment suppressed the expression
of bFGF and subsequently induced apoptosis after 25 to 30 doublings.
When bFGF expression was suppressed by the neutralizing antibody,
telomerase activity was not affected nor was apoptosis detected.
CONCLUSION: Telomerase may up-regulate the expression of bFGF and
protect retinoblastoma cells from cell death, indicating, the
possibility that inhibition of telomerase is a promising approach for
the treatment of telomerase-positive tumors.
5
UI - 11642545
AU - Nam DH; Song SY; Park K; Kim MH; Suh YL; Lee JI; Kim JS; Hong SC; Shin
TI -
HJ; Park K; Eoh W; Kim JH
Clinical significance of molecular genetic changes in sporadic invasive
pituitary adenomas.
SO - Exp Mol Med 2001 Sep 30;33(3):111-6
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Center for
Clinical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
Several molecular and genetic changes have been found in pituitary
adenomas. We looked for correlations between these changes and the
degree of invasiveness of the tumors. The invasiveness of 11 pituitary
adenomas was graded by Hardy classification. We examined the
retinoblastoma gene (RB1.20 on chromosome 13q) and the region around the
MEN1 locus (chromosome 11q13.1-5) for loss of heterozygosity. Also
examined are p53 mutations using single strain conformation
polymorphism, p53 protein overexpression using immuno cytochemistry,
homozygous deletions of p15 and p16 by polymerase chain reaction, and
cellular proliferative activity using MIB-1 antibody. Six tumors (54.5%)
had an LOH at either RB1.20 or the MEN1 locus. LOHs were found more
frequently in Grade 4 and stage E tumors (72% and 67%) than in Grade 3
and stage D tumors (25% and 40%). However, no mutation or overexpression
of p53 was found. No homozygous deletions of p15 or p16 were identified.
The cell proliferative index ranged from 0 to 3%. LOH at 11q13 and 13q
may be valuable in predicting the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas.
6
UI - 11913894
AU - Watts P; Westa C; Colpa L; MacKeen L; Abdolell M; Gallie B; Heon E
TI -
Visual results in children treated for macular retinoblastoma.
SO - Eye 2002 Jan;16(1):75-80
AD - Department of Ophthalmology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada. patrickowatts@hotmail.com
PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of patching treatment in children with
macular retinoblastoma in one eye. METHODS: Fifteen children affected by
macular retinoblastoma received instructions for patching treatment for
amblyopia. Data were collected on age at diagnosis of the tumor,
presence of unilateral or bilateral disease, area of posterior pole
involvement by the scar of the regressed tumor and its relationship to
the fovea; and the onset, duration, and compliance of patching. The
visual acuities recorded were expressed in logMAR (logarithm minimum
angle of resolution) equivalents. RESULTS: Twelve children (80%) had
bilateral retinoblastoma with the macular involved in one eye and three
children had unilateral macular tumors. The median age at which patching
was initiated was 15 months (range 4-36). Compliance to patching was
good in 80% of children, with a median duration of 4 h (range 0.5-8) per
day, 7 days per week, with total occlusion of the better eye. The median
percentage of posterior pole involvement was 34% (range 11-100%). Eighty
percent of children had some improvement in their visual acuity, and of
the children in whom final logMAR acuity was recorded, 73% had an acuity
of 1.0 logMAR or better and 53% an acuity of 0.5 logMAR or better after
patching. There was no evidence of association between age of patient,
sex, duration of patching, or percentage of posterior pole involvement
and the improvement in visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the
macular involvement of eyes with retinoblastoma, some visual recovery
was achieved in 80% of children. Hence a trial of patching therapy is
recommended for all children with involvement of the macula by
retinoblastoma.
7
UI - 11920795
AU - Pandya J; Valverde K; Heon E; Blaser S; Gallie BL; Chan HS
TI -
Predilection of retinoblastoma metastases for the mandible.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 2002 Apr;38(4):271-3
AD - Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital
for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
8
UI - 11920797
AU - Valverde K; Pandya J; Heon E; Goh TS; Gallie BL; Chan HS
TI -
Retinoblastoma with central retinal artery thrombosis that mimics
extraocular disease.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 2002 Apr;38(4):277-9
AD - Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital
for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
9
UI - 11920800
AU - Seber A; Antoneli CB; Spinola-Castro AM; Oyafuso MS
TI -
Leydig cell tumor and mature teratoma: unusual non-ocular tumors
associated with sexual pseudo-precocity six years after unilateral
retinoblastoma.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 2002 Apr;38(4):285-7
AD - Pediatric Oncology Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Sao Paulo
Federal University, Brazil.
10
UI - 11920804
AU - Hadjistilianou T; Mastrangelo D; Mazzotta C; De Francesco S; Capretti C;
TI -
Lore C
13q deletion syndrome associated with retinoblastoma and clinical
anophthalmos of the opposite eye.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 2002 Apr;38(4):293-4
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