Table of Contents
1
UI - 10703803
AU - Rotmensch S; Cole LA
TI -
False diagnosis and needless therapy of presumed malignant disease in
women with false-positive human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations.
SO - Lancet 2000 Feb 26;355(9205):712-5
AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
BACKGROUND: 12 women were diagnosed of having postgestational
choriocarcinoma on the basis of persistently positive human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test results in the absence of pregnancy. Most of the
women had extirpative surgery or chemotherapy, or both, without
significant diminution in hCG titre. Our aim was to assess whether the
hCG concentrations were false-positive test results. METHODS: Samples
were tested for hCG, hCG free beta subunit, and hCG beta-core fragment.
Assay kinetics were also assessed, and samples were tested independently
by competitive RIA. False-positive hCG concentrations were identified by
two criteria: detection of hCG in serum and lack of detection of hCG and
its degradation products in urine; and wide variations in results for
different hCG assays. We corroborated false-positive hCG values by the
lack of parallel changes in hCG results when serum was diluted, by false
detection of other antigens, and by failure to detect hCG with in-house
assays. FINDINGS: All 12 women met both criteria for false-positive hCG,
and all had corroborating findings. In all 12 cases, a false diagnosis
had been made, and most of the women had been subjected to needless
surgery or chemotherapy. Assay kinetics indicated that heterophilic
antibodies were responsible for the false-positive results. As a result
of our findings all further therapy was stopped. INTERPRETATION: Current
protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma should be
modified to include a compulsory test for hCG in urine.
2
UI - 11844211
AU - Sebire NJ; Rees H; Paradinas F; Seckl M; Newlands E
TI -
The diagnostic implications of routine ultrasound examination in
histologically confirmed early molar pregnancies.
SO - Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001 Dec;18(6):662-5
AD - Department of Histopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine at
Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK.
njs@fetalpathology.co.uk
OBJECTIVE: Early ultrasound examination is being used increasingly in
the diagnosis of molar pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine
the diagnostic implications of routine ultrasound examination for
histologically confirmed molar pregnancies. METHODS: This was a
retrospective review of sonographic and histological findings in a
series of consecutive cases referred to the National Trophoblastic
Disease Surveillance Centre with suspected molar pregnancies. In 194
cases referred to the center over a 6-month period in whom results of a
preceding ultrasound examination were documented, review of ultrasound
findings and final histological diagnosis was carried out. RESULTS:
There were 155 cases with a reviewed histological diagnosis of complete
or partial hydatidiform mole. In 131 (67%) cases, the sonographic
diagnosis was that of a missed miscarriage/anembryonic pregnancy with no
documented suspicion of molar pregnancy, referral being on the basis of
histological examination of products of conception. In 63 cases,
ultrasound examination suggested molar pregnancy; in 53 (84%) of these,
the diagnosis of molar pregnancy was correct. Overall, 37 of 64 (58%)
complete moles had sonographic evidence of molar pregnancy compared to
16 of 91 (17%) partial moles. Of 155 histologically confirmed complete
or partial hydatidiform moles, only 53 (34%) were suspected as molar
sonographically. CONCLUSION: The majority of cases of molar pregnancy
now present as missed miscarriage/anembryonic pregnancy sonographically,
highlighting the importance of histological examination to diagnose
gestational trophoblastic disease.
3
UI - 11847707
AU - Parra SA
TI -
Cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of nonmalignant disease.
SO - J Intraven Nurs 2000 Nov-Dec;23(6):359-65
AD - Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale,
Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
The term chemotherapy refers to an ever-increasing number of drugs that
work with varying specificity against the malignant cells of tumors.
These drugs work in several different ways, including direct and
indirect cytotoxicity and immunosuppression. This diversity of
mechanisms of action has led to the use of cancer chemotherapeutic
agents in the treatment of several nonmalignant diseases. The use of
cytotoxic drugs in nonmalignant disease is reviewed, and recommendations
are provided for safe handling, administration, and the management of
expected toxicities.
4
UI - 11776123
AU - Wang G; Wang S; Wang J
TI -
Expression of CDKI p27Kip1 in trophoblastic neoplasm.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2000 Nov;113(11):1046-8
AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China University of
Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of p27Kip1 in tumorigenesis and the
development of trophoblastic cell disease. METHODS: Using
immunohistochemistry, the expression of p27-protein was investigated in
10 normal chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy, 15
complete hydatidiform moles (HM), 7 invasive moles (IM) and 7
choriocarcinomas (CC). RESULTS: In all cases, immunohistochemical
staining localized p27-protein in the plasma. Decreased expression of
p27Kip1 was observed in malignant trophoblastic neoplasms with a
positive rate of 21.43%, which is significantly less than that in normal
chorionic villi (80%) and in complete HM (73.33%) (P < 0.05). The
positive rate of p27Kip1 in those complete HM with large uterine size
for gestational age was lower than that in those with normal or small
uterus (42.86% vs 100%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: p27Kip1 may be involved
in the tumorigenesis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm as a negative
regulator of the cell cycle. The expression level of p27Kip1 in
trophoblastic cells may be a prognostic factor for complete HM.
5
UI - 11857007
AU - Blagden SP; Foskett MA; Fisher RA; Short D; Fuller S; Newlands ES; Seckl
TI -
MJ
The effect of early pregnancy following chemotherapy on disease relapse
and foetal outcome in women treated for gestational trophoblastic
tumours.
SO - Br J Cancer 2002 Jan 7;86(1):26-30
AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF,
UK.
Little literature exists on the safety of early pregnancy following
chemotherapy. Here we assess the rate of relapse and foetal outcome in
women who have completed single and multi-agent chemotherapy for
gestational trophoblastic tumours. The records of 1532 patients treated
for persistent gestational trophoblastic tumours at Charing Cross
Hospital between 1969 and 1998 were reviewed. Patients were defined as
receiving single agent or multi-agent treatment. Relapse rates and
foetal outcome were reviewed in the 230 patients who became pregnant
within 12 months of completing chemotherapy. In the single agent group
153 (22%) of 691 patients conceived early. Three subsequently relapsed.
In the multi-agent group, 77 (10%) of 779 patients conceived early, two
then relapsed. Relapse rates were 2% (3 out of 153) and 2.5% (2 out of
77) for each group compared to 5% and 5.6% in the comparative
non-pregnant groups. Outcomes of 230 early pregnancies: 164 (71%)
delivered at full term, 35 (15%) terminations, 26 (11%) spontaneous
abortions, three (1.3%) new hydatidiform moles and two (1%) stillbirths.
Early pregnancies were more common in the single agent group (P<0.001),
but spontaneous miscarriages and terminations were more likely to occur
in the multi-agent group (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Of the
full-term pregnancies, three (1.8%) babies were born with congenital
abnormalities. Patients in either group who conceive within 12 months of
completing chemotherapy are not at increased risk of relapse. Though, we
still advise avoiding pregnancy within 12 months of completing
chemotherapy, those that do conceive can be reassured of a likely
favourable outcome. DOI: 10.1038/sj/bjc/6600041
www.bjcancer.comCopyright 2002 The Cancer Research Campaign
6
UI - 11864687
AU - Butler SA; Cole LA
TI -
Falsely elevated human chorionic gonadotropin leading to unnecessary
therapy.
SO - Obstet Gynecol 2002 Mar;99(3):516-7
7
UI - 11762145
AU - Kelly FW
TI -
Forceps delivery after molar malignancy in a woman with arteriovenous
malformation. A case report.
SO - J Reprod Med 2001 Nov;46(11):1013-6
AD - Wyoming County Department of Health, Warsaw, New York, USA.
BACKGROUND: An arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the female pelvis is a rare
finding. This report describes a successful pregnancy after selective
embolization of a postmolar vascular malformation. CASE: At 5 weeks of
pregnancy, a 27-year-old, white female, gravida 3, para 0, was
discovered on ultrasound examination to have an AV malformation along
with a fetal pole. The patient was asymptomatic and had previously
received two courses of chemotherapy for a previous nonmetastasized
malignant molar pregnancy. Doppler ultrasonography uncovered a vascular
malformation extending from the margin of the fetal pole to the margin
of the uterus. The pregnancy ended at 8 weeks with a spontaneous
abortion. The patient underwent angiography and embolization of
extensive right-sided uterine vessels. She resumed normal menstrual
periods six weeks after the embolization and became pregnant. The
pregnancy concluded in low forceps vaginal delivery of a healthy, female
infant at 34 weeks. CONCLUSION: Vaginal delivery following postmolar
pregnancy and a uterine AV malformation may be considered a viable
delivery option.
8
UI - 11789083
AU - Ruiz-Casares E; Henriques-Gil N; Orera M; Fernandez-Pacheco RP; Aguaron
TI -
A
Molecular analysis of a gestation consisting of a complete hydatidiform
mole and normal dizygotic twin.
SO - J Reprod Med 2001 Dec;46(12):1041-5
AD - Section of Genetics, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences,
University of San Pablo, Centro De Estudios Universitarios, Madrid
28668, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To identify a twin pregnancy consisting of a complete mole
and coexistent fetus by means of molecular cytogenetics and DNA
polymorphisms. STUDY DESIGN: Seven highly polymorphic DNA markers were
used to establish the androgenetic origin of a complete hydatidiform
mole that coexisted with a normal 46,XY fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of
mole nuclei was performed with centromeric probes, demonstrating a 46,XX
constitution. RESULTS: Molar tissue was diploid with two X chromosomes,
possibly due to chromosome doubling after monospermic fertilization of
an ovum with inactivated or absent nucleus. CONCLUSION: Although
contamination with maternal tissue may be difficult to avoid, molecular
markers provide the possibility of distinguishing between a complete
hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus versus a partial mole,
with methods that can be performed antenatally. This distinction is
important since in the first case up to 24% of fetuses described in the
literature have been viable, and the risk of subsequent development of
persistent trophoblastic tumor in patients with a complete mole and a
coexisting fetus is considerably higher than in patients with a single,
complete hydatidiform mole.
9
UI - 11836719
AU - Monclair T; Abeler VM; Kaern J; Walaas L; Zeller B; Hilstrom C
TI -
Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) in mother and child: first
report of PSTT in infancy.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 2002 Mar;38(3):187-91; discussion 192
AD - Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, The National
Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. tom.monclair@rikshospitalet.no
BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, placental site trophoblastic
tumors occurring simultaneously in mother and infant have not previously
been reported. PROCEDURE: The clinicopathologic features of metastatic
placental site trophoblastic tumor in a mother and her 4-month-old son
are described. RESULTS: The disease in the infant was aggressive, and he
died in multiorgan failure within 5 weeks of hospital admission. Autopsy
showed widespread metastases to liver, lungs, pleura, kidney, mesentery
and lymph nodes. The mother, who had a uterine tumor and lung
metastases, was treated with chemotherapy and hysterectomy and has no
evidence of disease 26 months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This report
shows that placental site trophoblastic tumors can metastasize in both
mother and child. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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