Table of Contents
1
UI - 11748644
AU - Yakirevich E; Lefel O; Sova Y; Stein A; Cohen O; Izhak OB; Resnick MB
TI -
Activated status of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and apoptosis in
testicular seminoma.
SO - J Pathol 2002 Jan;196(1):67-75
AD - Department of Pathology, The Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the
Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
Testicular seminoma is characterized by a prominent lymphoid infiltrate
and an excellent prognosis. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltrating
seminoma tumour nests constitute a major subset of the lymphoid
infiltrate. The objective of this study was to determine whether CTLs
express markers of cytotoxic potential and activity and whether the
number of activated CTLs correlates with the extent of apoptosis in
testicular seminomas, as opposed to non-seminomatous testicular germ
cell tumours (NSTGCTs). Twenty cases of pure seminoma as well as 20
cases of NSTGCTs including 16 mixed germ cell tumours (MGCTs) were
studied. Immunohistochemistry for the cytotoxic markers TIA-1 (cytotoxic
potential) and granzyme B (cytotoxic activity) and the T-cell markers
CD3 and CD8 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.
The apoptotic index (AI) was determined by the TUNEL method. The number
of CD3(+), CD8(+), TIA-1(+), and granzyme B(+) cells in tumour cell
nests was markedly increased in testicular seminomas, compared with
NSTGCTs (p<0.01). Activated granzyme B(+) cells numbered 25.6+/-5.2 per
high power field in seminomas and 8.9+/-3.2, 8.1+/-3.9, and 0.4+/-0.2
for embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac tumours, and immature teratomas,
respectively. Double immunohistochemical staining for granzyme B and CD8
revealed that 82.6+/-8.5% of granzyme B-expressing cells were CD8(+).
The tumour cell AI was significantly increased in embryonal carcinoma,
compared with the seminoma, yolk sac tumour, and immature teratoma
subgroups (6.7+/-1.3, 2.3+/-0.3, 3.0+/-1.1, and 2.3+/-1.1, respectively,
p<0.001). TUNEL/CD3 double immunostaining revealed that a significant
proportion of the apoptotic seminomatous tumour cells were in direct
contact with one or more CD3(+) lymphocytes (47.2+/-6.2%). The number of
activated granzyme B(+) CTLs showed a strong linear correlation with the
AI in the seminoma group (r=0.71, p<0.0001) but not in other subgroups.
TUNEL/granzyme B double immunolabelling revealed that a proportion of
activated granzyme B(+) lymphocytes (20%) were often seen in close
contact with apoptotic tumour cells. The presence of increased numbers
of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in testicular seminomas suggests that
apoptotic tumour cell death in this neoplasm may be triggered by
cytotoxic granule effectors. This phenomenon may be one of the key host
immune mechanisms leading to the excellent prognosis in this tumour.
Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2
UI - 11260636
AU - Lu D; Medeiros LJ; Eskenazi AE; Abruzzo LV
TI -
Primary follicular large cell lymphoma of the testis in a child.
SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001 Apr;125(4):551-4
AD - Department of Hematopathy, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer
Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Primary follicular lymphoma of the testis in childhood is extremely
rare. To our knowledge, only 5 cases have been reported to date. We
report a case in a 6-year-old boy who presented with painless right
scrotal enlargement. Right radical orchiectomy revealed a follicular
large cell lymphoma with diffuse areas confined to the testis and
epididymis, clinical stage IE. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated
that the neoplastic cells were of B-cell lineage, positive for CD10,
CD20, CD79a, and BCL-6. Staining for CD21 accentuated networks of
dendritic reticulum cells within the nodules. The cells were negative
for BCL-2, p53, and T-cell antigens. There was no evidence of the
t(14;18) detected by polymerase chain reaction. The data suggest that
follicular lymphoma of the testis in children has a different
pathogenesis than follicular lymphoma in adults.
3
UI - 11789392
AU - Dassy S; Coibion-Jossa V; Demelenne A; Jehaes C; Weerts J; Sakalihassan
TI -
N; Closon-Dejardin MT; Focan C
[Anatomic-clinical presentation. Testicular teratocarcinoma with
thoracic-abdominal adenopathy]
SO - Rev Med Liege 2001 Nov;56(11):777-84
AD - Service d'Oncologie Medicale, Les Cliniques Saint-Joseph, Liege.
This case report of a young man with a testicular germ cell-teratoma
tumor illustrates the necessity of a multidisciplinary sequential
approach to ensure chance of cure. The outcome of patients with advanced
germ cell tumor depends on the optimal clinical management. Residual
masses are frequent, and their histology can be different than the
initial one (i.e., only residual mature teratoma cells or
necrosis-fibrosis). Therefore a second surgery on residual masses with
curative intent, may be important to optimalize the treatment and follow
up.
4
UI - 11554630
AU - Livsey JE; Taylor B; Mobarek N; Cooper RA; Carrington B; Logue JP
TI -
Patterns of relapse following radiotherapy for stage I seminoma of the
testis: implications for follow-up.
SO - Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13(4):296-300
AD - Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
A retrospective review was undertaken of 409 consecutive patients
treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for Stage I seminoma between 1988 and
1997. A total of 339 men were treated to a volume encompassing the
para-aortic nodes and 70 were treated with extended field radiotherapy.
The patients were followed up within oncology clinics adhering to a
standard protocol of clinical examination, chest radiography and
measurement of serum marker levels. No routine computed tomographic (CT)
scans were carried out. At a median follow-up of 57 months, 13 patients
have relapsed, giving a recurrence-free rate of 97.2% at 3 years and
96.8% at 5 years. Of these, eight (62%) were detected at routine
appointments and five (38%) requested early appointments. Chest
radiography (2/5) and serum marker levels (3/5) identified disease in
asymptomatic patients. Eight patients (62%) had raised markers at
relapse, including two with normal serum markers at original
presentation. The median size of pelvic node recurrences in the
para-aortic-treated group was 7.3 cm (2.8-13 cm). Four patients have
developed second testicular primaries: three were detected at routine
appointments and one patient had requested an early appointment. We
conclude that regular follow-up with serum marker estimations and chest
radiography is sufficient to detect recurrence at an early stage and
that our policy of no routine CT scanning has been shown to give
acceptable results.
5
UI - 11554631
AU - Meyer T; Cole LA; Richman PI; Mitchell HD; Myers J; Rustin GJ
TI -
High levels of hCG in choriocarcinoma can result in renal failure and a
false-negative pregnancy test in men.
SO - Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13(4):301-3
AD - Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK.
The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was delayed because a urinary pregnancy
test for hCG was falsely negative. This man's hCG rose to 25,000,000
iu/l. He developed renal impairment, probably due to precipitation of
hCG in his renal rubules.
6
UI - 11554632
AU - Asthana S; Deo SV; Shukla NK; Raina V; Kumar L
TI -
Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome presenting with bilateral
intra-abdominal gonadal tumours and obstructive uropathy.
SO - Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13(4):304-6
AD - Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.
Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive
intersex disorder characterized by the presence of completely developed
Mullerian duct derivatives in an otherwise normally virilized male with
a 46, XY karyotype. We discuss a rare presentation of this disorder,
bilateral gonadal tumours with obstructive uropathy, and its management,
together with a review of the literature.
7
UI - 11802540
AU - Liu SP; Huang SW; Lin KH; Lin MC; Hsieh JT
TI -
Ruptured cystic teratoma of the testis in a neonate.
SO - J Formos Med Assoc 2001 Nov;100(11):779-81
AD - Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
Neonatal testicular tumors are extremely rare. We report the case of a
full-term male newborn with right hemiscrotal swelling found immediately
after birth. The right hemiscrotal skin gradually turned dusky dark and
then adhered to the hard scrotal contents. Missed right testicular
torsion was suspected and emergency exploration was not attempted. Right
hemiscrotal swelling became aggravated, so right orchiectomy and left
orchidopexy were performed. During surgery, severe inflammation of the
right testis and the right hemiscrotum were observed and diffuse
hemorrhage with focal hematomas was noted within the removed right
testis. Histopathology of the specimen revealed a ruptured mature cystic
teratoma of the testis. The alpha-fetoprotein concentration was 729 x
10(4) micrograms/L 10 days after the operation, and dropped to 185 x
10(4), 25 x 10(4), and less than 20 x 10(4) micrograms/L 2, 5, and 8
months later, respectively. Postoperative abdominal and pelvic
computerized tomography scans revealed neither lymphadenopathy nor
distant metastasis. During a follow-up of 8 months, no evidence of tumor
recurrence was found. Although extremely rare, testicular tumors should
be included in the differential diagnosis of an enlarged hard or firm
scrotal mass in the male neonate.
8
UI - 11209365
AU - Coleman J
TI -
Every man for himself.
SO - Nurs Stand 1999 Dec 15-2000 Jan 4;14(13-15):22-3
9
UI - 11235371
AU - Cook R
TI -
Teaching and promoting testicular self-examination.
SO - Nurs Stand 2000 Mar 1-7;14(24):48-51; quiz 53-4
Testicular cancer is the commonest malignancy of young men, but it also
has a high cure rate. This article discusses the teaching and promotion
of testicular self-examination as a technique for early detection of the
disease.
10
UI - 11464128
AU - Medica M; Germinale F; Giglio M; Stubinski R; Campodonico F; Raggio M;
TI -
Carmignani G
Adult testicular pure yolk sac tumor.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(1):94-6
AD - 'Luciano Giuliani' Department of Urology, University of Genoa, Italy.
Here we describe the clinical, ultrasonographic and histological
features of a rare pure adult yolk sac tumor detected in the right
testis of a 44-year-old male. Due to the rarity of this neoplasm (less
than 10 cases have been reported), there is no unanimous consensus for
therapy following inguinal orchiectomy. We believe that nerve-sparing
retroperitoneal lymph node dissection could be potentially curative and
useful for future interpretations of this tumor's potential evolution.
Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
11
UI - 11464129
AU - Novella G; Porcaro AB; Righetti R; Cavalleri S; Beltrami P; Ficarra V;
TI -
Brunelli M; Martignoni G; Malossini G; Tallarigo C
Primary lymphoma of the epididymis: case report and review of the
literature.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(1):97-9
AD - Department of Urology, University of Verona, Italy. gnovella@tin.it
OBJECTIVE: To report an extremely rare clinical pathological observation
of a case of primary lymphoma of the epididymis, without testicular or
systemic involvement, and to update the relevant literature. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: A 25-year-old white male patient complaining of right
scrotal pain was referred to our department. Clinical examination
detected a hard painful mass at the right epididymal head. Epididymitis
was diagnosed and conservative therapy with antibiotics and
anti-inflammatory drugs was given. After 2 months of therapy the patient
was admitted to our department because a tumor was suspected. Tumor
markers were normal. Right scrotal exploration was performed through a
standard inguinal incision. The epididymal head was completely replaced
by a hard white mass. Fresh frozen sections indicated a malignant tumor.
Right radical orchiectomy was performed. RESULTS: High-grade primary
epididymal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with diffuse large cells (group G
according to the Working Formulation) was diagnosed. Clinical
pathological staging detected stage IE (extranodal) primary epididymal
lymphoma. The patient was referred to the Hematologic Unit for combined
chemotherapy, according to the VACOP-B protocol. After an 18-month
follow-up the patient is well and disease free. CONCLUSIONS: When an
epididymal mass does not benefit from medical treatment, scrotal
exploration and fresh frozen sections of the lesion should be done. The
possible bilateral involvement by primary epididymal lymphoma has to be
kept in mind. Radical orchiectomy is the treatment of choice for primary
lymphoma of the epididymis. Adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated in
high-grade malignant lymphoma. Prognostic parameters of the disease may
be the grade of malignancy and the size of the tumor. Copyright 2001 S.
Karger AG, Basel
12
UI - 11490219
AU - Minowada S; Okano Y; Miyazaki J; Homma Y; Kitamura T
TI -
Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced testicular tumor with bulky
liver metastasis.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(2):178-80
AD - Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
MINOWADAS-URO@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
A 21-year-old man with far-advanced nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of
the left testis is presented. He had multiple bulky metastases in the
liver and retroperitoneum with an extraordinarily elevated serum
alpha-fetoprotein (23,500 ng/ml). He received multidisciplinary
treatment consisting of systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive left
hepatic lobectomy, percutaneous ablation therapy, transarterial
chemoembolization, and external beam irradiation for median segments of
the liver. The efficient combination treatment normalized the tumor
markers within 6 months and has maintained complete serological
remission for 4.7 years. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
13
UI - 11796292
AU - Holtl L; Peschel R; Knapp R; Janetschek G; Steiner H; Hittmair A;
TI -
Rogatsch H; Bartsch G; Hobisch A
Primary lymphatic metastatic spread in testicular cancer occurs ventral
to the lumbar vessels.
SO - Urology 2002 Jan;59(1):114-8
AD - Department of Urology, Innsbruck, Austria.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether primary metastatic spread occurs behind
the lumbar vessels and whether removal is necessary for accurate staging
in diagnostic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, because dissection
of lymphatic tissue behind the lumbar vessels is a challenging maneuver.
METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine patients were included in our study.
Twenty-nine patients with clinical Stage I tumor underwent laparoscopic
staging lymph node dissection, including removal of the lymph nodes
behind the lumbar vessels. Sixty-four patients with Stage II testicular
cancer were retrospectively examined by computed tomography to determine
the localization of the enlarged lymph nodes in relation to the lumbar
vessels. On the basis of these results, 49 patients with clinical Stage
I underwent laparoscopic lymph node dissection within the same template
but without dissection of the lymphatic tissue behind the lumbar
vessels. RESULTS: In the first group, 10 of 29 patients had pathologic
Stage IIA tumors, with positive nodes exclusively ventral to the lumbar
vessels. In group 2, 39 patients with solitary metastatic lesions had
enlarged lymph nodes, which were always ventral to the lumbar vessels.
Only in 3 of 25 patients with multiple metastases was one enlarged node
found behind the lumbar vessels. In group 3, no tumor recurrence either
before or behind the lumbar vessels could be found in 46 patients after
a mean follow-up of 27.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these
data, we believe that primary lymphatic metastatic spread in testicular
cancer always occurs ventral to the lumbar vessels. Therefore, the
removal of lymphatic tissue behind the lumbar vessels for diagnostic
procedures is not necessary.
14
UI - 11556746
AU - Moore BE; Banner BF; Gokden M; Woda B; Liu Y; Ayala A; Jiang Z
TI -
p53: a good diagnostic marker for intratubular germ cell neoplasia,
unclassified.
SO - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2001 Sep;9(3):203-6
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical
Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCNU) is a precursor of
germ cell tumors (GCT) of the testis. In routine histologic sections,
neoplastic intratubular germ cells may be very few and easily
overlooked. The aim of this study is two-fold: to establish the
immunohistochemical pattern of expression of p53 in IGCNU and GCT and to
determine whether p53 can be used as a marker for IGCNU. Resection
specimens from 14 seminomas, 14 mixed germ cell tumors (MGCT), 3
embryonal carcinomas, 2 mature teratomas, 7 IGCNUs, and 11 normal testes
were stained for p53. Normal germ cells and Sertoli cells of the
seminiferous tubules in all normal testes were negative for p53. The
tumor cells of all IGCNU cases were positive for p53. All invasive
components of mixed germ cell tumors, embryonal carcinomas, and
seminomas exhibited expression of p53. Mature teratoma components were
negative for p53. These findings indicate that p53 is a highly sensitive
marker of IGCNU and highly specific in distinguishing lesional tissue
from normal seminiferous tubules. The current findings also suggest that
p53 may be involved as an early step in the malignant progression of
most germ cell neoplasias.
15
UI - 11556730
AU - Suzuki K; Hoshi S; Orikasa S
TI -
Recurrence pattern of metastatic testicular cancers after chemotherapy.
SO - Tohoku J Exp Med 2001 May;194(1):17-22
AD - Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai.
suzukikj@dream.com
Recurrence pattern of metastatic testicular cancer after the initial
treatment was investigated. Seventy-seven patients with metastatic
testicular cancer were treated by cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients
with residual masses after chemotherapy and whose tumor markers were
normalized underwent surgical resections. Of the 77 patients, 61
achieved cancer free status and 4 who did not need the study criteria
excluded. Recurrences were detected in 12 (21.1%) patients, 2 (7.1%)
patients among 28 stage II patients; 10 (34.5%) patients among 29 stage
III patients; none (0%) patients among 14 seminoma patients and 12
(27.9%) patients among 43 non-seminoma patients. All recurrences were
detected within 17 months (median, 3) after the initial treatment. Of
the 12 patients experiencing recurrence, 4 died of cancer. The
recurrence rate of the patients in stage III was significantly higher
than that in stage II. No recurrence was detected in patients with
seminoma. Follow-up studies after treatment should include serum tumor
markers and computed tomographic scanning of lung, abdomen and pelvis at
defined intervals. Intensive follow-up will be needed especially for the
patients in stage III and with non-seminoma. Follow-up within the first
two years is especially important in detecting recurrence after
chemotherapy.
16
UI - 11809703
AU - Kraggerud SM; Aman P; Holm R; Stenwig AE; Fossa SD; Nesland JM; Lothe RA
TI -
Alterations of the fragile histidine triad gene, FHIT, and its encoded
products contribute to testicular germ cell tumorigenesis.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 Jan 15;62(2):512-7
AD - Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian
Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, located within chromosome arm
3p, is a potential target for testicular tumorigenesis. In the present
study, 62 primary testicular germ cell tumors were analyzed for allelic
imbalance (AI) at 10 loci mapping to chromosome bands 3p14.1-21.1.
Twenty-seven tumors (44%) showed AI at one or more 3p loci. The
chromosome 3 copy number was evaluated by fluorescence in situ
hybridization with centromere and p-telomere probes onto interphase
nuclei from 22 of the tumors. Sixteen of these (73%) presented three or
more signals of each probe in at least one-third of the nuclei. The
combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and AI results indicated
that tumors with AI at all loci, in most cases (five of six), reflected
an increased chromosome copy number, whereas tumors presenting AI only
at some loci reflected interstitial chromosomal changes. A smallest
region of overlapping changes could be delineated from tumors showing
interstitial chromosomal changes (n = 16). The smallest region of
overlapping changes was flanked by D3S1312 and D3S1234 and included
parts of FHIT. In the second part of this study, expression analyses of
FHIT were performed. Transcripts of aberrant lengths were found in 7 of
17 (41%) analyzed tumors and were identified by sequencing as splice
variants. Three different types of transcripts were found, and all
lacked exon 3. Immunohistochemical staining showed reduced Fhit protein
expression, compared with normal testicular tissue, in 62% (40 of 65) of
the testicular germ cell tumors. Although we found a significant
association between FHIT mRNA alterations and AI (P = 0.006), altered
protein expression did not correlate with AI. The nonepithelial
components of teratomas showed strong association with reduced Fhit
protein compared with the epithelial component (P < 0.001).
Interestingly, reduced Fhit expression seems to be associated with
metastasis in the patient at the time of diagnosis, although the
association was not statistically significant.
17
UI - 11828773
AU - Kato Y; Kawakami N; Fujii H; Hashimoto H; Yachiku S
TI -
[A case of Sertoli cell tumor of the testis]
SO - Hinyokika Kiyo 2001 Dec;47(12):857-60
AD - Department of Urology, Kitami Red-Cross Hospital.
A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of a
painless mass in the left testis. Gynecomastia was not present. The
serum levels of alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin-beta
were not elevated. Ultrasound sonography showed a hypoechoic lesion in
the left testis. There was no evidence of retroperitoneal lymph node
enlargement or distant metastasis on computerized tomography. With a
diagnosis of left testicular tumor, left high orchiectomy was done. The
tumor measured 10 x 11 mm in size within the testis and was
histologically diagnosed as benign Sertoli cell tumor.
Immunohistochemcal analysis revealed negative findings with the tumor
markers inhibin, CAM 5.2, pancytokeratin, EMA, and PLAP. No adjuvant
therapy was performed. Twenty-six cases of Sertoli cell tumor of the
testis in the Japanese literature are reviewed.
18
UI - 11806877
AU - Moller H
TI -
Testicular cancer risk in relation to use of disposable nappies.
SO - Arch Dis Child 2002 Jan;86(1):28-9
AD - Thames Cancer Registry, King's College London, 42 Weston Street, London
SE1 3QD, UK. henrik.moller@kcl.ac.uk
Information on the use of disposable nappies in childhood was available
for 296 testicular cancer cases and 287 population controls in Denmark.
No association was found between disposable nappy use and the subsequent
risk of testicular cancer in adulthood.
19
UI - 11680837
AU - Pentheroudakis G; O'Neill VJ; Vasey P; Kaye SB
TI -
Spontaneous acute tumour lysis syndrome in patients with metastatic germ
cell tumours. Report of two cases.
SO - Support Care Cancer 2001 Oct;9(7):554-7
AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson Oncology Centre, Western
Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. penther@ukonline.co.uk
Acute tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), a condition resulting from rapid
destruction of tumour cells with massive release of cellular breakdown
products, has been described following the treatment of various
malignancies. However, spontaneous TLS has been described only rarely.
Germ cell tumours (GCT) have a rapid cell turnover and often present
with bulky metastatic disease. We report two cases of patients with
metastatic GCT presenting with acute renal failure attributable to
spontaneous TLS. All clinical and biochemical features of the syndrome
were present. Both patients were treated with haemodialysis and
intravenous administration of single-agent etoposide between dialysis
sessions, resulting in recovery of renal function and marked decrease in
tumour bulk within the first week after presentation. These cases are
the first reported instances of spontaneous TLS in poor-risk metastatic
GCT. Successful treatment with dialysis and chemotherapy is possible,
and prophylactic vigorous hydration and allopurinol may be warranted in
this setting.
20
UI - 11780424
AU - Zeng L; Xia T; Kong X; Na Y; Guo Y
TI -
Primary carcinoid tumor of the epididymis.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2001 May;114(5):544-5
AD - Department of Pathology, Institute of Urology, First Hospital of Peking
University, 1 Da Hongluo Chang Street, Beijing 100034, China.
zengl@263.net
21
UI - 11795931
AU - Rodewald A; Kittner T; Hahn G
TI -
The Carney complex: a rare differential diagnosis in cases with
pituitary adenoma and testicular Sertoli cell tumour.
SO - Clin Radiol 2001 Dec;56(12):993-6
AD - Department of Radiology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
22
UI - 11834380
AU - Chang SS; Roth B
TI -
Treatment of clinical stage I germ cell tumors.
SO - Urology 2002 Feb;59(2):173-9
AD - Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
23
UI - 11834406
AU - Peterson AC; Porter M; Porter J
TI -
Adult testicular sarcoma: presentation, evaluation, and treatment.
SO - Urology 2002 Feb;59(2):294-5
AD - Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Madigan Army Medical Center,
Tacoma, Washington 98431-1100, USA.
24
UI - 11758031
AU - Sadowski EA; Salomon CG; Wojcik EM; Albala D
TI -
Fibroma of the testicular tunics: an unusual extratesticular
intrascrotal mass.
SO - J Ultrasound Med 2001 Nov;20(11):1245-8
AD - Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood,
Illinois 60153, USA.
25
UI - 11758034
AU - Siu SS; Leung TN; Leung TY; Ng SW; Yeung CK; Lau TK
TI -
Prenatal diagnosis of intra-abdominal mature testicular teratoma.
SO - J Ultrasound Med 2001 Nov;20(11):1257-60
AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin.
26
UI - 11810253
AU - Vinogradova T; Leppik L; Kalinina E; Zhulidov P; Grzeschik KH; Sverdlov
TI -
E
Selective Differential Display of RNAs containing interspersed repeats:
analysis of changes in the transcription of HERV-K LTRs in germ cell
tumors.
SO - Mol Genet Genomics 2002 Jan;266(5):796-805
AD - Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117871, Russia. tv@humgen.siobc.ras.ru
A technique for the Selective Differential Display of RNAs containing
Interspersed Repeats (SDDIR) has been elaborated. SDDIR involves two
main steps: (1) selective amplification by RT-PCR of a subset of the
total cellular RNA containing a certain type of repetitive element, and
(2) side-by-side display of the amplicons derived from the tissues under
comparison by means of gel electrophoresis in parallel lanes. The
technique was used to compare the expression of transcripts containing
LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) sequences derived from human endogenous
retrovirus K (HERV-K) in testicular germ cell tumors and in
corresponding normal tissue. SDDIR enabled us to obtain an overview of
LTRs represented in the total transcribed fraction and to reveal
differences in transcription patterns of the LTRs in normal and tumor
tissues. An unexpectedly large number of LTRs was found to be
transcribed, and the levels of many of the transcripts differed between
normal and tumor tissues.
27
UI - 11697829
AU - Anonymous
TI -
ESMO minimum clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and
follow-up of mixed or non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT).
SO - Ann Oncol 2001 Sep;12(9):1215-6
28
UI - 11697830
AU - Anonymous
TI -
ESMO minimum clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and
follow-up of testicular seminoma.
SO - Ann Oncol 2001 Sep;12(9):1217-8
29
UI - 11697846
AU - Lagrange JL; Ramaioli A; Theodore CH; Terrier-Lacombe MJ; Beckendorf V;
TI -
Biron P; Chevreau CH; Chinet-Charrot P; Dumont J; Delobel-Deroide A;
D'Anjou J; Chassagne C; Parache RM; Karsenty JM; Mercier J; Droz JP;
Radiation Therapy Group and the Genito-Urinary Group of the French
Federation of Cancer Centres
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis: a retrospective study of 84
patients treated in the French anticancer centres.
SO - Ann Oncol 2001 Sep;12(9):1313-9
AD - Radiation Therapy Group of the Federation of Cancer Centers, Paris,
France.
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testicle is rare. We analysed
cases treated in French anticancer centres from 1969 to 1995. All cases
were reviewed and classified according to the R.E.A.L. Classification.
Eighty-four cases were included in this study. The median age was 67
years (17-85). Disease was classified as stages I in 42 cases, stages II
in 19 and stages III-IV in 23. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was
diagnosed in 75% of cases. Treatment included orchidectomy and
radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. A complete response was obtained in
72.6% of the patient population and in 100%, 68% and 33% of stage I, II
and III-IV disease respectively. Recurrence occurred in 32 cases and the
most frequent site was the central nervous system: six of these patients
presented stage I disease. Median overall survival was 32 months for the
entire population, 52 months for stage I, 32 months for stage II, and 12
months for stage III-IV cases (P < 0.0001). Among patients presenting
stage I disease, no difference was found between those treated with
combined surgery and chemotherapy or surgery followed or not followed by
radiotherapy. This study confirms that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the
testicle carries a poor prognosis. Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy should
be discussed because of the high recurrence rate. Inclusion of these
cases in large co-operative prospective studies is recommended.
30
UI - 11803271
AU - Powari M; Kakkar N; Singh SK; Rai RS; Jogai S
TI -
Malignant Leydig cell tumour of the testis.
SO - Urol Int 2002;68(1):63-5
AD - Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Reserach, Chandigarh,
India.
A case of malignant Leydig cell tumour is presented. It is a rare
primary malignant tumour of the testis and occurs exclusively in adults.
The present case is of interest because it occurred at the young age of
25 years which is rare. Histologically it showed almost all features
which suggest malignancy and also had metastases to the lungs and liver.
The clinical details and pathology of this tumour are discussed.
Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
31
UI - 11842533
AU - Nakata S; Takahashi H; Ohtake N; Yamanaka H
TI -
[Chronological and regional differences of testicular
cancer--epidemiological analysis of incidence in gunma prefecture and
estimated data of national survey, and of death in Japan]
SO - Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Jan;93(1):1-6
AD - Department of Urology, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital.
PURPOSE: The incidence of testicular cancer is rare. However, it is a
significant cancer in that it develops not only in old age but also in
children and younger age. We investigated the epidemiological
characteristics of testicular cancer in Japan, in order to elucidate its
features and problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed hospitals and
clinics in and around Gunma prefecture that treated patients with
urologic diseases and reviewed the pathology records from 1985 to 1994,
and calculated the annual age-adjusted incidence rates of testicular
cancer. Incidence rates in Japan were taken from the estimates made by
'The Research Group for Population-based Cancer Registration in Japan'.
The annual number of deaths, annual age-adjusted death rates from 1947
and 1998, the age-specific death rates and decrease rate of them, and
the prefectural standardized mortality ratio (SMR) from 1973 and 1998
was calculated from the data reported by Ohno et al. and statistical
tables kept in 'Statistics and Information Department, Minister's
Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Welfare'. RESULTS: In Gunma
Prefecture, the annual age-adjusted incidence rates tended to increase.
In estimated data of national survey, it slightly increased from 1975-79
to 1980-84, and remained stable thereafter. The annual number of deaths
and age-adjusted death rates tended to decrease from around 1980. The
peak of age-specific death rates was seen in infants, age 20 to 40 and
old age. The decrease in the age-specific death rate was prominent for
age under 20 and old age, but not significant for age 25 to 34.
Prefectures in which SMR was high (> or = 120) were distributed all over
Japan, but prefectures in which SMR was low (< or = 80) were
concentrated in western Japan. CONCLUSIONS: The annual number of deaths
and age-adjusted death rates began to decrease from around 1980, which
coincided with the time the clinical trial of cis-platinum began. More
than 100 deaths of testicular cancer are reported even now, early
diagnosis, early treatment, and improvement of treatment strategy to
far-advanced cases are necessary.
32
UI - 11832717
AU - Washecka R; Dresner MI; Honda SA
TI -
Testicular tumors in Carney's complex.
SO - J Urol 2002 Mar;167(3):1299-302
AD - Department of Urology, Hawaii Kaiser Permanente Medical Center,
Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
PURPOSE: Bilateral sex cord stromal testicular tumors are common in the
syndrome of myxoma, spotty pigmentation and endocrine overactivity
(Carney's complex). Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor is the
particular testicular tumor found in Carney's complex. A
clinicopathological review of 26 patients is presented. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: We report 2 cases of Carney's complex with testicular tumors.
An additional 24 patients with Carney's complex and testicular tumors
were identified by MEDLINE search and review of the literature. RESULTS:
Bilateral testicular tumors were found in 16 patients (61%) with a
familial occurrence in 10 (38%). A testicular mass was the most common
presentation. The associated findings of Carney's complex included
cardiac myxoma in 16 patients, skin myxoma in 16, skin pigmentation in
15, Cushing's syndrome in 8, acromegaly in 3 and schwannoma in 3.
Excisional biopsy, surveillance, bilateral orchiectomy and unilateral
orchiectomy were performed in 7, 4, 7 and 8 patients, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: No local tumor recurrence or metastasis has developed in
patients with bilateral and/or multifocal testicular tumors. Excisional
biopsy or surveillance only are treatment options for bilateral
testicular tumors in Carney's complex.
33
UI - 11832725
AU - Oh J; Landman J; Evers A; Yan Y; Kibel AS
TI -
Management of the postpubertal patient with cryptorchidism: an updated
analysis.
SO - J Urol 2002 Mar;167(3):1329-33
AD - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School
of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
PURPOSE: Management of the postpubertal cryptorchid testis depends on
patient age at presentation. Based on the belief that the risk of death
from surgery first exceeds the risk of death from testis cancer at age
32 years patients younger than 32 years are advised to undergo
orchiectomy, while those older than 32 years are advised to remain under
close observation. However, the data on which this recommendation is
based are now a quarter-century old. During this interval significant
improvements have been made in perioperative care and germ cell tumor
therapy. We revisited the topic using contemporary data to determine
whether and how recommendations on management of the postpubertal
cryptorchid testis should be changed. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Contemporary data on germ cell mortality in the United States were
obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. From these data
the lifetime risk of death from germ cell cancer in the general
population was calculated for each 5-year interval between ages 15 and
60 years. Since the lifetime risk of germ cell tumor is believed to be
higher in patients with cryptorchidism than in the general population,
the lifetime risk of eventual death from germ cell tumor in the
cryptorchid population was calculated by multiplying each 5-year
lifetime risk by 9.7, which is the generally accepted relative risk of
germ cell tumor in a cryptorchid testis. Contemporary literature on
perioperative mortality was reviewed and we estimated the current
mortality of orchiectomy based on American Society of Anesthesiologists
(ASA) class. Mortality rates were plotted to determine the age when
operative mortality exceeds the risk of mortality from germ cell
malignancy. RESULTS: While perioperative mortality and germ cell
neoplasia mortality decreased in the last 25 years, the relative
decrease in perioperative mortality was significantly greater. Thus, in
ASA class I or II cases mortality from orchiectomy began to exceed
mortality from germ cell cancer at age 50 years. CONCLUSIONS:
Improvements in therapy for germ cell neoplasia and perioperative care
in the last 25 years have dramatically decreased the mortality of each
cause. However, the decrease in perioperative mortality has been
greater. In contrast to a generation ago, accidental death during
routine elective surgery is now extremely rare in healthy patients.
Thus, we advocate orchiectomy in all healthy males (ASA I and II) who
present with postpubertal cryptorchidism until age 50 years.
34
UI - 11832775
AU - Hara I; Yamada Y; Miyake H; Hara S; Gotoh A; Fujisawa M; Okada H;
TI -
Arakawa S; Kamidono S
Detection of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin expressing cells by
nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral
blood stem cells of patients with advanced germ cell tumor.
SO - J Urol 2002 Mar;167(3):1487-91
AD - Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
PURPOSE: We investigated whether peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs)
were contaminated by tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13
patients with advanced testicular cancer underwent PBSC transplantation
at our institute. Nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
using primers specific for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG)
or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detected 1 beta-HCG or AFP producing cell in
1 x 10(6) PBSCs. RESULTS: Although AFP messenger (m) RNA was not
identified in any of the 13 patients, beta-HCG mRNA was detected in 7.
All patients with beta-HCG mRNA in PBSCs had elevated serum beta-HCG
before treatment. Three patients with a normal beta-HCG range before
treatment did not have beta-HCG mRNA in the PBSCs. The serum beta-HCG
level in the patients whose PBSCs were contaminated with tumor cells was
significantly higher than in patients whose PBSCs contained no tumor
cells. Four of the 7 patients with beta-HCG mRNA in PBSCs eventually
died of cancer, whereas those whose PBSCs were not contaminated with
tumor cells survived without disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with
elevated serum beta-HCG levels are likely to have PBSCs contaminated by
tumor cells. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with tumor cells in the
PBSCs is poor.
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