• Prognostic factors in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

• Infusional CDE with rituximab for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary

• Intestinal tuberculosis after successful treatment of advanced high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and AIDS.

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting as childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

• Survival of AIDS patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma may be improved by the radiosensitizing effects of highly active

• Interleukin-2, ganciclovir, and high-dose zidovudine for the treatment of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma.

1
UI - 11785838
AU - Straus DJ
TI - Prognostic factors in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
SO - Recent Results Cancer Res 2002;159():143-8
AD - Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Chemotherapy regimens similar to those used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) not associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been used for patients with HIV-associated NHL with less success. In a recent trial, patients with intermediate or high-grade NHL were randomized to either low-dose chemotherapy with methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, vincristine and dexamethasone (m-BACOD) or to standard-dose m-BACOD with sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF). With low-dose m-BACOD 41% of patients achieved a complete remission and the median survival was 35 weeks. With standard-dose m-BACOD and sargramostim, the percentage of complete remissions was 52% with a median survival of 31 weeks (P=n.s.). Myelosuppression was greater with standard-dose chemotherapy. In univariate and multivariate analyses of 21 pretreatment features of patients in this trial, four factors emerged as adversely prognostic with respect to survival: age >35 years, intravenous drug use, CD4 counts < 100/mm3 and stage III/IV disease. In an analysis using the proportional hazards model, a "favorable" group was defined by patients with 0 or 1 adverse factor (median survival 46 weeks, survival at 144 weeks 29.5%) as compared with an unfavorable group with 3 or 4 adverse factors (median survival 18 weeks, survival at 144 weeks 0). The outcome of these patients may be improving with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which seems to improve immune function and tolerance of chemotherapy. A recent trial of the AIDS Malignancy Consortium found that low-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone: CHOP) and standard-dose chemotherapy had similar response rates, acceptable toxicity and minimal alterations in cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and indinavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-associated lymphoma patients also on HAART (stavudine, lamivudine and indinavir). There is a suggestion that Burkitt-type lymphomas may tend to occur in HIV-infected patients with relatively well preserved immune function and CD4 cell counts. Recent results from our institution suggest that similar outcomes are achievable with intensive chemotherapy in patients with Burkitt's lymphomas with or without HIV infection. With improved immune status and improved bone marrow function with the use of HAART, it will probably become more possible to treat many patients with aggressive HIV-associated NHL with more intensive treatment regimens.

2
UI - 11785839
AU - Tirelli U; Spina M; Jaeger U; Nigra E; Blanc PL; Liberati AM; Benci A;
TI - Sparano JA Infusional CDE with rituximab for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary results of a phase I/II study.
SO - Recent Results Cancer Res 2002;159():149-53
AD - National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
Infusional CDE (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide; iCDE) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic regimen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), with a complete remission rate of 46% and a median overall survival of 8.2 months (Sparano JA, Blood 1993; 81:2810). Since the majority of HIV-associated NHL are CD20-positive we reasoned that the addition of rituximab to iCDE (R-iCDE) could also improve the poor outcome of these patients. As a first step we investigated the safety of R-iCDE in a phase I/II study. Thirty patients with aggressive HIV-associated NHL evaluable patients were: median age: 38 years (range 29-65 years); male sex 24/29; histology: DLCL 16 (55%), Burkitt 10 (35%), ALCL 2 (7%), unclassified 1 (3%); stage: I (35%), II (10%), III (10%), IV (45%); International Prognostic Index: 0, 1 (59%), 2 (24%), 3 (17%), 4, 5 (0); CD4 count: median 132/ mm3 (range 3-470/mm3). Patients received rituximab (375 mg/m2) in conjunction with iCDE (five or six cycles). All patients were treated with G-CSF and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Twenty-six of 29 patients received treatment as planned, while chemotherapy had to be discontinued in three patients (2 persistent thrombocytopenias, 1 cerebral hemorrhage). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed as follows: neutropenia 79%, anemia 45%, thrombocytopenia 34%, bacterial infection 34%, opportunistic infection 7%, mucositis 17%. A dose reduction was necessary in 22%. Complete remission was achieved in 86% of the patients, partial remission in 4%. Ten percent had progressive disease. After a median follow-up of 9 months the median overall survival is not reached. The actuarial survival at 2 years is 80% and the actuarial progression-free survival is 79%. Four of 29 patients (14%) have died, three from NHL and one from cryptosporidiosis. These findings suggest that the combination of rituximab with iCDE in patients with HIV-associated NHL is safe and feasible and that the addition of the anti-CD20 antibody does not increase the risk for infections. The high complete remission rate also indicates a potential therapeutic benefit and warrants further randomized trials.

3
UI - 11437056
AU - Samuel J; Mullai N; Firfir B
TI - Intestinal tuberculosis after successful treatment of advanced high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and AIDS.
SO - Endoscopy 2001 Jun;33(6):557
AD - Division of Medical Oncology, Cook County Hosptial, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA. jsamuel@rush.edu

4
UI - 11876380
AU - Lee WS; Chan TL; Koh MT; Ariffin WA; Lin HP
TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting as childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
SO - Singapore Med J 2001 Nov;42(11):530-3
AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. leews@ummc.edu.my
Two children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as the presenting illness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. There was a delay in diagnosing the underlying AIDS in both cases. In the first case, an 18-month-old boy with stage IV, high-grade,T-cell NHL, the diagnosis of underlying AIDS was suspected only when he developed recurrent and profound opportunistic infection during chemotherapy. The second case, an eight-month-old female infant presented initially with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia of undetermined cause. She had progressive abdominal distension and swelling of her right eye one year later due to high grade B-cell NHL. She was later found to be sero-positive for HIV during pre-chemotherapy screening. As the prevalence of HIV infection continues to increase, HIV infection should be considered in the differential diagnoses of childhood hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, and as a possible underlying cause of childhood cancer, especially NHL.

5
UI - 12004285
AU - Pajonk F; McBride WH
TI - Survival of AIDS patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma may be improved by the radiosensitizing effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
SO - AIDS 2002 May 24;16(8):1195-6

6
UI - 12032910
AU - Aboulafia DM
TI - Interleukin-2, ganciclovir, and high-dose zidovudine for the treatment of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma.
SO - Clin Infect Dis 2002 Jun 15;34(12):1660-2

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