• Management of enterochromaffin-like gastric carcinoid tumour metastasized to the liver.

• Recurrent leser-trelat sign associated with two malignancies.

• Carcinoid syndrome from gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor without distant metastases.

• Duodenal carcinoid tumors: how aggressive should we be?

• [Surgical treatment of endocrine-cell tumors of hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone (comment of the editor)]

• The importance of smoking and medical history for development of small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study.

1
UI - 11843065
AU - Kouraklis G; Misiakos E; Glinavou A; Raftopoulos J; Karatzas G
TI - Management of enterochromaffin-like gastric carcinoid tumour metastasized to the liver.
SO - Scand J Gastroenterol 2002 Feb;37(2):246-8
AD - 2nd Dept. of Propedeutic Surgery, University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Greece. gkouraklis@hotmail.com
We report the rare case of a patient suffering from pernicious anaemia and a history of flushing and diarrhoea. The patient was found to have microcarcinoids with multiple gastric polyps and a solitary liver metastasis. He was successfully managed with subtotal gastrectomy, while the liver metastasis was cured by Interferon-alpha and octreotide administration.

2
UI - 12037460
AU - Fetil E; Ozkan S; Gurler N; Kusku E; Arda F; Gunes AT
TI - Recurrent leser-trelat sign associated with two malignancies.
SO - Dermatology 2002;204(3):254-5

3
UI - 12080244
AU - Cooper MA; Smith A; Khalifa M
TI - Carcinoid syndrome from gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor without distant metastases.
SO - J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 Jul;35(1):106-7

4
UI - 12086896
AU - Zyromski NJ; Kendrick ML; Nagorney DM; Grant CS; Donohue JH; Farnell MB;
TI - Thompson GB; Farley DR; Sarr MG Duodenal carcinoid tumors: how aggressive should we be?
SO - J Gastrointest Surg 2001 Nov-Dec;5(6):588-93
AD - Gastroenterology Research Unit and Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905, USA.
Duodenal carcinoid tumors are uncommon. It is not known whether they behave more like carcinoid tumors in the appendix (indolent course) or those in the ileum (often virulent)-crucial information for determining the need for radical resection. A retrospective review at our tertiary referral center (from 1976 to 1999) identified 27 patients with primary duodenal carcinoid lesions, excluding functional islet cell tumors. Endoscopic biopsy provided the diagnosis in 78% of patients. Treatment was by endoscopic excision (n = 11), transduodenal excision (n = 8), pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 3), segmental distal duodenectomy (n = 2), or palliative operation (n = 2). One patient did not undergo operation because of comorbidity. Eighteen of 19 patients with tumors smaller than 2 cm remained disease free after local (endoscopic or transduodenal) excision. The exception was a patient with a small periampullary carcinoid lesion. In contrast, all four patients with carcinoid tumors 2 cm or larger who were resected for cure developed a recurrence (2 to 9 years postoperatively). We conclude that duodenal carcinoid tumors smaller than 2 cm may be excised locally; to ensure complete resection we recommend open transduodenal excision for tumors between 1 and 2 cm. Endoscopic follow-up is indicated. It is unclear whether patients with larger tumors benefit from more aggressive locoregional resection. Ampullary/periampullary carcinoid tumors should be considered separately, as their behavior is unpredictable.

5
UI - 12001676
AU - Patiutko IuI; Badalian KhV
TI - [Surgical treatment of endocrine-cell tumors of hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone (comment of the editor)]
SO - Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2002;(4):17-21
Endocrine-cell tumors of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone are rare diseases. Their rate doesn't exceed 1-4% of all tumors of this location. 79 patients with endocrine-cell tumors of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone were treated, 67 of them underwent surgical treatment (operability was 67.1%) Radical operations were performed in 45 patients (gastropancreatoduodenal resection--17, distal resection of the pancreas--16, tumor enucleation--5, hemihepatectomy--3, liver resection--4). Prognosis of endocrine-cell tumors of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone is relatively favorable. In radically operated patients the presence of metastases to lymph nodes doesn't influence long-term results which are better than ones of chemo- or radiotherapy. Correlation between long-term results of surgery and age of patients, tumor sizes and its histologic structure was not revealed. Radicality of surgery is the only factor influencing prognosis. It is necessary to expand indications for extended operations, and to perform multi-stage operations in some cases of recurrences.

6
UI - 11899115
AU - Kaerlev L; Teglbjaerg PS; Sabroe S; Kolstad HA; Ahrens W; Eriksson M;
TI - Guenel P; Gorini G; Hardell L; Cyr D; Zambon P; Stang A; Olsen J The importance of smoking and medical history for development of small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study.
SO - Cancer Causes Control 2002 Feb;13(1):27-34
AD - Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark. L.kaerlev@dadlnet.dk
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the etiology of small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC), but a few studies have pointed to certain medical and lifestyle factors as potential risk factors. This study aims to evaluate these findings and to identify new associations. METHODS: A population-based European multicenter case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident histologically verified 35-69 year-old SBC cases (n = 99) and 3335 controls were recruited; 84 cases and 2070 controls were interviewed. RESULTS: Ever being a smoker was associated with SBC (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2) and increased risk estimates were seen for all smoking categories. SBC was associated with previous gallstone disease and ovariectomy, but only when these conditions occurred within two years prior to the SBC diagnosis. No association was seen for a history of cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, ulcerative disease, or Crohn's disease. Intake of alcoholic beverages--as well as medical treatments with radioactive substances, hormones, or corticosteroid tablets--were not associated with SBC. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that tobacco smoking is a risk factor for SBC. The associations with gallstone and ovarian diseases may be due to enhanced medical surveillance during the early phase of the cancer disease.

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