• The unexplained survival of cells in oral cancer: what is the role of p53?

• Comparison of HPV infection, p53 mutation and allelic losses in post-transplant and non-posttransplant oral squamous cell carcinomas.

• Rising trends in oral cancer mortality in Spain, 1975-94.

• Co-existence between oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among HIV-infected subjects in Thailand.

• Case no. 1. Squamous cell carcinoma.

• Oral and pharyngeal cancer: knowledge and opinions of dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia.

• Oral and pharyngeal cancer: practices and opinions of dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia.

• Papilloma of the dorsal aspect of the soft palate: a difficult lesion to visualize.

• Human papillomavirus.

• [An unusual tumor of the oral cavity in a fetus and prenatal ultrasonography--case report]

• Large cell carcinoma of the lung metastatic to the mandibular gingiva.

• Liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors of the oral cavity: a clinicopathologic study of 23 cases.

• Oral cancer in Australia: 1983-1996.

• US university finds scientist flouted rules for clinical trials.

• Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human tongue carcinoma and its precursor lesions.

• [Histomorphological structural changes of head and neck blood vessels after pre- or postoperative radiotherapy]

• Analysis of treatment results for oral tongue cancer.

• Oral pigmented lesions.

• Recommendations on selected interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries.

• Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries.

• A comparison of selected evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and

• Sublingual epidermoid cyst.

• A new regenerative approach to oromandibular reconstruction after the resection of head and neck malignant tumor.

• Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 antigen expression in 329 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• [Total glossectomy without laryngectomy. Surgical techniques and its controversies]

• [Highly malignant papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the tongue: a case report]

• [Epithelial leiomyosarcoma of gingiva: a case report and review of literature]

• Monostotic Paget's Disease of a cervical vertebra: differential diagnosis with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography using a coincidence

• Correlation between laminin-5 gamma2 chain expression and epidermal growth factor receptor expression and its clinicopathological

• Long-term complete remission of oral cancer after anti-neoplastic chemotherapy as single treatment modality: role of local chemotherapy.

• Immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-10 in human oral and pharyngeal carcinomas.

• Cancer of the oral cavity and medical malpractice.

• Palatal hemangioma with cleft zero.

• Functional outcomes after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.

• Prognostic significance of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinomas.

• Transforming growth factor-alpha: a surrogate endpoint biomarker?

• Characterization of novel cell lines established from three human oral squamous cell carcinomas.

• A phase I study of fludarabine combined with radiotherapy in patients with intermediate to locally advanced head and neck squamous cell

• The human OGG1 DNA repair enzyme and its association with orolaryngeal cancer risk.

• Vertebral metastases from oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on oral squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro study.

• Oral hairy leukoplakia as an early indicator of Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

• Classic Kaposi's sarcoma of the tongue: case report with emphasis on the differential diagnosis.

• Radiotherapy prostheses.

• P53 and MDM2 co-expression in tobacco and betel chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas.

1
UI - 11903817
AU - Whyte DA; Broton CE; Shillitoe EJ
TI - The unexplained survival of cells in oral cancer: what is the role of p53?
SO - J Oral Pathol Med 2002 Mar;31(3):125-33
AD - whyted@upstate.edu
In normal oral epithelium the cells divide, mature, differentiate, and die. This sequence is not normally followed in oral cancer. Instead, the death of the cells is somehow prevented, although the pathways toward cell death in normal oral epithelium and the defects in oral cancer are not well defined. However, several components in the system have been identified, and information on their interactions is becoming available. This review summarizes the evidence for cell death being due to apoptosis and the central role of the p53 gene product in its regulation. Areas for future research are also identified.

2
UI - 11903818
AU - Zhang L; Epstein JB; Poh CF; Berean K; Lam WL; Zhang X; Rosin MP
TI - Comparison of HPV infection, p53 mutation and allelic losses in post-transplant and non-posttransplant oral squamous cell carcinomas.
SO - J Oral Pathol Med 2002 Mar;31(3):134-41
AD - Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Canada.
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasingly found in transplant recipients, although little is known of the natural history of the disease or the mechanism underlying this increase. METHODS: In this article we describe the history of development of 5 oral post-transplant SCCs (PSCCs) and compare their genetic profiles to 34 non-posttransplant SCCs (NPSCCs). RESULTS: Of the five patients with PSCCs, 3 had bone marrow transplants and two, kidney. All three PSCCs from bone marrow recipients were preceded locally by graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Two of the GVHD were biopsied and demonstrated dysplasia. Similar frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurred in PSCCs and NPSCCs at 3p, 9p, 17p and 8p, with lower frequencies in PSCCs at 4q (39% vs. 0%), 11q (53% vs. 20%) and 13q (45% vs. 20%), although the latter were not significantly different. Only 1 PSCC had a p53 mutation, compared to historical values of 40-60% for NPSCC. Interestingly, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was detected in 3 (60%) PSCCs, in comparison to only 4 (12%) of the 34 NPSCCs (P = 0.0346). CONCLUSIONS: Dysplasia in oral GVHD may be a strong indicator of cancer risk and should not be regarded as reactive changes to lichenoid mucosites. The low level of p53 mutation and increased HPV infection support the involvement of HPV in the development of PSCC, while the similarity in LOH patterns suggests that other aspects of carcinogenesis may be comparable in these two types of SCCs.

3
UI - 11903820
AU - Nieto A; Ramos MR
TI - Rising trends in oral cancer mortality in Spain, 1975-94.
SO - J Oral Pathol Med 2002 Mar;31(3):147-52
AD - Faculties of Medicine and Odontology, University of Seville, Spain. adora@us.es
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that the worldwide incidence and mortality rates for oral cancer have increased considerably over the last decade. This study investigates the Spanish trend in mortality of oral cancer from 1975-94. METHODS: Age-standardized, truncated, cumulative, age-specific and potential years of life lost (PYLL) rates were calculated by gender. Poisson regression models allowed the measurement of age and period effects. RESULTS: Age-standardized and cumulative mortality rates increased in males, while truncated and PYLL rates doubled. Changes were less marked in females. There were annual increases in oral cancer mortality from 1975-94, of 25% and 9% in males and females, respectively. In males there was an interaction between age and period. There was also an increase in age-specific mortality rates in males. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from oral cancer rose substantially in males, with concomitant changes in the age-distribution pattern of mortality. Increases were less marked in females, with some minor modifications to the age-distribution pattern of mortality.

4
UI - 11903823
AU - Nittayananta W; Chanowanna N; Winn T; Silpapojakul K; Rodklai A;
TI - Jaruratanasirikul S; Liewchanpatana K Co-existence between oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among HIV-infected subjects in Thailand.
SO - J Oral Pathol Med 2002 Mar;31(3):163-8
AD - Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. nwipawee@ratree.psu.ac.th
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether any relationship exists between the occurrence of oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among HIV-infected subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed in two hundred and seventy-eight HIV-infected heterosexual persons and intravenous drug users (IVDUs)(230 males and 48 females, aged 16-65 years, mean 31.9 years). Eighty-six HIV-free subjects from the same population were included as controls (61 males and 25 females, aged 17-63 years, mean age 33.1 years). The following information was recorded for each patient: age, gender, risk group and stage of HIV infection, immune status, medication, systemic disease and presence of oral lesions. RESULTS: Oral candidiasis was the most common oral lesion among HIV-infected individuals (40%), followed by hairy leukoplakia (HL)(26%). The three most common systemic diseases among the subjects were tuberculosis (TB)(53%), cryptococcosis (14%) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)(11%). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the occurrence of TB and the presence of oral candidiasis (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.6-4.8; P < 0.001), and the occurrence of PCP and the presence of HL (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.3; P < 0.001). Positive predictive values of any oral lesions and oral candidiasis in predicting TB were 87% (95% CI 73.0-94.6) and 67% (95% CI 51.9-80.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that oral candidiasis might be used as a clinical marker for TB, and HL for PCP. Recognition of the lesions by health-care providers may indicate the need for more intensive clinical and laboratory monitoring and possibly initiation of prophylaxis against these opportunistic systemic infections.

5
UI - 12001374
AU - Baughman R; Thompson D; Malik C
TI - Case no. 1. Squamous cell carcinoma.
SO - Todays FDA 2002 Apr;14(4):29-31
AD - University of Florida Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oncology, USA.

6
UI - 12119092
AU - Clovis JB; Horowitz AM; Poel DH
TI - Oral and pharyngeal cancer: knowledge and opinions of dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia.
SO - J Can Dent Assoc 2002 Jul;68(7):415-20
AD - School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. l.clovis@dal.ca
Oral and pharyngeal cancers are largely preventable and can be successfully treated when diagnosed at an early stage. Dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia were surveyed regarding their knowledge pretested 41-item survey was mailed to a random sample of dentists in British Columbia and the population of dentists in Nova Scotia. A reminder postcard and one additional mailing were sent to nonrespondents. Of the 670 dentists supplying usable responses (response rate 55.2%) only 56.7% agreed that their knowledge of the subject was current. Most dentists correctly identified tobacco use (99.4%) and alcohol use (90.4%) as risk factors, but fewer correctly identified factors such as the use of spicy foods (57.0%) and poor oral hygiene (46.3%) as not being risk factors. Only 42.5% identified both erythroplakia and leukoplakia, in that order, as the conditions most likely associated with oral cancer. Indices of risk and diagnostic knowledge were constructed by summing the number of correct responses to items in each domain. On 16 risk factors the mean correct score was 9.2, and on 14 diagnostic procedures the mean correct score was 10.0. Only 38.5% of dentists had consistent levels of knowledge on both indices. Differences between the provinces were statistically significant (p < 0.01) for only 2 knowledge items. About three-quarters of all dentists (77.0%) were interested in taking continuing education courses. Dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia could benefit from undergraduate and continuing education courses to increase their knowledge of risk and diagnostic factors for oral cancer.

7
UI - 12119093
AU - Clovis JB; Horowitz AM; Poel DH
TI - Oral and pharyngeal cancer: practices and opinions of dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia.
SO - J Can Dent Assoc 2002 Jul;68(7):421-5
AD - School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. l.clovis@dal.ca
Oral and pharyngeal cancers are associated with high mortality rates, a situation usually attributed to late-stage diagnosis. Dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia were surveyed regarding their practices pretested, 41-item survey was mailed to a random sample of dentists in British Columbia (n = 817) and the population of dentists in Nova Scotia (N = 423). A reminder postcard and one additional mailing were sent to nonrespondents. Of the 670 dentists supplying usable responses (response rate 55.2%), only 56.7% agreed that their knowledge of the subject was current. Of 8 health history items, dentists assessed 5 on average, with most (88.0%) asking about the patients' current use of tobacco. A total of 72.7% of the responding dentists performed an oral cancer examination for all edentulous patients at every appointment, but 10.9% never did so. Similarly, 70.7% of the dentists always provided an oral cancer examination at the initial appointment for patients 40 years of age and older, but 9.8% never did so. Undergraduate training related to oral cancer examination was reported as good by only 52.2% of the dentists. About three-quarters of all dentists (77.0%) were interested in taking continuing education courses on this subject. Differences between the 2 provinces were not statistically significant (p > 0.01). Dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia could benefit from undergraduate and continuing education courses to increase their knowledge of health history assessment, examination for oral and pharyngeal cancers, and risk reduction strategies, such as counselling about tobacco cessation.

8
UI - 12092276
AU - Hirokawa R; Yanagisawa E
TI - Papilloma of the dorsal aspect of the soft palate: a difficult lesion to visualize.
SO - Ear Nose Throat J 2002 Jun;81(6):372
AD - Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, Hospital of St. Raphael, New Haven, USA.

9
UI - 11862197
AU - Lavelle CL
TI - Human papillomavirus.
SO - Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002 Feb;93(2):125-6

10
UI - 12078553
AU - Polak P; Santavy J; Micanik B; Hyjanek J; Burnog T; Brazda A
TI - [An unusual tumor of the oral cavity in a fetus and prenatal ultrasonography--case report]
SO - Ceska Gynekol 2002 May;67(3):163-7
AD - Ustav lekarske genetiky a fetalni mediciny Fakultni nemocnice Olomouc.
OBJECTIVE: The tumours and pseudotumours of the foetal face are very rare diseases. Basic method for their prenatal diagnosis is ultrasound. The authors describe the case of diagnosed orofacial pseudotumour--sublingual cyst. DESIGN: Case report introduces some rules for ultrasound investigation of foetal face. SETTING: Department of Clinical Genetics and Foetal Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc. SUBJECT AND METHOD: The cyst of oral cavity was diagnosed by ultrasound in second trimester of gestation. It was repeatedly punctured during pregnancy and the content was cytologically examined. Exstirpation was performed after delivery. Histological etiology--dysontogenetic cyst--was established. CONCLUSION: Prenatal ultrasonographical diagnosis of the oral pseudotumour was completed by puncture procedures. This invasive way verifies anatomical conditions, enables histological investigation and warrants the swallowing act which is the prevention of polyhydramnion.

11
UI - 12027262
AU - Yoshii T; Muraoka S; Sano N; Furudoi S; Komori T
TI - Large cell carcinoma of the lung metastatic to the mandibular gingiva.
SO - J Periodontol 2002 May;73(5):571-4
AD - Department of Dentistry, Hyogo Prefectural Staff Health Center, Kobe, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Although metastases of malignant tumors to the jaws are not unusual, metastases to the gingival soft tissues are relatively rare. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of a metastatic tumor in the mandibular gingiva originating from lung cancer are described. The patient, a 61-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of bloody sputum and chest pain while coughing. The patient's chest radiograph showed an abnormal mass in the left upper lobe. After admission, the patient noticed a swelling of the right mandibular gingiva. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis for tumors of the gingiva and the lung were performed. RESULTS: Radiographic examination did not indicate involvement of the underlying bone. The histopathological findings showed that the gingival tumor consisted of a large cell carcinoma, and the mass of the upper lobe displayed the same histology as that found in the gingiva. Immunohistochemical investigation of the gingival tumor revealed similar results to those found in the mass of the lung. Based on the clinicopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as primary lung cancer with the gingival tumor deemed metastatic. Multiple metastases were found in areas other than the oral cavity; radiation and chemotherapy for the gingival tumor were performed due to persistent bleeding and pain. CONCLUSIONS: The resemblance of this gingival mass to an inflammatory lesion demonstrates the need for a detailed examination. This case also emphasizes the need to evaluate positive treatment needed to relieve complications in the mouth, even if the prognosis of the primary tumors remains unfavorable.

12
UI - 12004355
AU - Nascimento AF; McMenamin ME; Fletcher CD
TI - Liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors of the oral cavity: a clinicopathologic study of 23 cases.
SO - Ann Diagn Pathol 2002 Apr;6(2):83-93
AD - Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Liposarcomas in the oral cavity have rarely been described, with less than 50 reported cases to date and a purported predominance of the myxoid type. We reviewed our experience with 23 atypical lipomatous tumors/liposarcomas of the oral cavity. Twelve patients were men, 10 were women, and gender was not stated in one case. Age at presentation ranged from 28 to 83 years (median, 49.5 years). The most commonly affected site was the tongue and most cases presented as a slowly growing, painless mass. The clinical impression was lipoma or fibroma in the majority of cases. Tumor size ranged from 0.6 to 8.0 cm (median, 1.5 cm). Five cases were well circumscribed, 5 cases were focally infiltrative, and 13 cases had markedly infiltrative margins. Twenty-one cases were classified as atypical lipomatous tumors (of which 10 showed spindle cell features), one as dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and one as myxoid liposarcoma. Follow-up data was available in 13 of the 23 cases. Five others were lost to follow-up after a short period. Eleven patients remained free of disease without local recurrence or metastasis during the period of follow-up that ranged from 10 months to 9 years (median, 24 months). Two patients had multiple local recurrences. Our study shows that atypical lipomatous tumor is the most common type of malignant fatty tumor to arise in the oral cavity with an apparently low risk of recurrence if widely excised, although follow-up is relatively limited thus far. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

13
UI - 12035958
AU - Sugerman PB; Savage NW
TI - Oral cancer in Australia: 1983-1996.
SO - Aust Dent J 2002 Mar;47(1):45-56
AD - AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA. philip.sugerman@astrazeneca.com
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to identify differences in oral cancer incidence and mortality between sexes, age groups, oral sites and Australian States and Territories and recent trends in oral cancer incidence, mortality and age-profile over time. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare and were age-standardized to the Australian 1991 Population Standard. Differences and trends were assessed with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and the Spearman correlation test, respectively. RESULTS: In Australia in 1996, there were 2173 new oral cancers and 400 deaths due to oral cancer, the majority of oral cancers were in the 60+ age group, oral cancer affected men more than women (>2:1), lip cancer accounted for more than 50 per cent of oral cancers and the oral cancer mortality-to-incidence (M:I) ratio was greatest in ACT and NSW and least in QLD and SA. From 1983 to 1996, the annual incidence of lip cancer increased while the M:I ratio of lip cancer decreased. The annual incidence of cervical cancer decreased whereas the annual incidence of intra-oral cancer remained constant. The M:I ratio of cervical cancer was consistently lower than the M:I ratio of intra-oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing exposure to environmental carcinogens, increasing public awareness and population screening may reduce the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Australia.

14
UI - 11734253
AU - Kumar S
TI - US university finds scientist flouted rules for clinical trials.
SO - Lancet 2001 Nov 24;358(9295):1791

15
UI - 12070598
AU - Renkonen J; Wolff H; Paavonen T
TI - Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human tongue carcinoma and its precursor lesions.
SO - Virchows Arch 2002 Jun;440(6):594-7
AD - Transplantion Laboratory, Haarman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 21, Haarmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
The expression of Cox-2 protein was studied by immunohistochemistry in normal oral mucosa and in mucosa with various lesions of oral leukoplakia, including hyperplasia and dysplasia of squamous epithelium and frank invasive squamous carcinoma. A gradient of Cox-2 staining was found: the expression of Cox-2 was lowest in normal epithelium, somewhat increased in hyperplastic epithelium, further increased in dysplastic epithelium, and highest in invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The presence of Cox-2 in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa and its precursor lesions indicate that Cox-2 could participate in the carcinogenic process of these oral malignancies.

16
UI - 12122785
AU - Schultze-Mosgau S; Grabenbauer GG; Wehrhan F; Radespiel-Troger M;
TI - Wiltfang J; Sauer R; Rodel F [Histomorphological structural changes of head and neck blood vessels after pre- or postoperative radiotherapy]
SO - Strahlenther Onkol 2002 Jun;178(6):299-306
AD - Klinik und Poliklinik fur Mund-, Kiefer-, Gesichtschirurgie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg. stefan.schultze-mosgau@mkg.imed.uni-erlangen.de
BACKGROUND: Patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity are being increasingly treated by multimodal interdisciplinary regimes using a combination of surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy. Inflammatory alterations of the vascular endothelium following preoperative radiotherapy frequently cause healing delays of free flaps in the irradiated graft bed. The aim of the study was to investigate quantitative and qualitative changes of irradiated neck recipient vessels and transplant vessels used for microsurgical anastomoses in free flaps in patients undergoing preoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 348 patients (October and soft tissue reconstruction, a total of 209 vessels were obtained from neck recipient vessels and transplant vessels during anastomosis. Three groups were analysed: group 1 (27 patients) treated with no radiotherapy or chemotherapy; group 2 (29 patients) treated with preoperative irradiation (40-50 Gy) and chemotherapy (800 mg/m2/day 5-FU and 20 mg/m2/day cisplatin) 1.5 months prior to surgery; group 3 (20 patients) treated with radiotherapy (60-70 Gy) (median interval 78.7 months; IQR: 31.3 months) prior to surgery. From each of the 209 vessel specimens, 3 sections were investigated histomorphometrically, qualitatively and quantitatively (ratio media area/total vessel area) by NIH-Image-digitized measurements. To evaluate these changes as a function of age, radiation dose and chemotherapy, a statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of covariance and chi 2 tests (p > 0.05, SPSS V10). RESULTS: In group 3, qualitative changes (intima dehiscence, hyalinosis) were found in recipient arteries significantly more frequently than in groups 1 and 2. For group 3 recipient arteries, histomorphometry revealed a significant decrease in the ratio media area/total vessel area (median 0.51, IQR 0.10) in comparison with groups 1 (p = 0.02) (median 0.61, IQR 0.29) and 2 (p = 0.046) (median 0.58, IQR 0.19). No significant difference was found between the vessels of groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.48). There were no significant differences in transplant arteries and recipient or transplant veins between the groups. Age and chemotherapy did not appear to have a significant influence on vessel changes in this study (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Following irradiation with 60-70 Gy, significant qualitative and quantitative histological changes to the recipient arteries, but not to the recipient veins, could be observed. In contrast, irradiation at a dose of 40-50 Gy and chemotherapy given at a median interval of 1.5 months prior to operation did not lead to significant histological changes to the recipient vessels.

17
UI - 12150512
AU - Sessions DG; Spector GJ; Lenox J; Haughey B; Chao C; Marks J
TI - Analysis of treatment results for oral tongue cancer.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 Apr;112(4):616-25
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The study reports the results of treatment of oral tongue cancer with five different treatment modalities with long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of 332 patients with oral tongue cancer treated in the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Radiation Therapy at Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis, MO) from 1957 to 1996. METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue who were previously untreated and were treated with curative intent by one of five modalities and who were eligible for 5-year follow-up were included. The treatment modalities included local resection alone, composite resection alone (with neck dissection), radiation therapy alone, local resection with radiation therapy, and composite resection with radiation therapy. Multiple diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up parameters were studied using standard statistical analysis to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The overall 5-year disease-specific survival rate (DSS) was 57% with death due to tumor in 43%. The 5-year cumulative disease-specific survival probability (CDSS) was 0.61 (Kaplan-Meier) with a mean of 17.5 years and a median of 30.1 years. The DSS by treatment modality included local resection (73%), composite resection (61%), radiation therapy (46%), local resection and radiation therapy (65%), and composite resection with radiation therapy (CR/RT) (44%). Overall, local resection had a significantly improved DSS and CR/RT had a decreased DSS that was related to the stage of disease being treated. In treating stage IV disease, CR/RT produced a more significantly improved CDSS than the other treatment modalities. Recurrence at the primary site was as common as recurrence in the neck. Eighty-nine percent of recurrences occurred within the first 60 months. Recurrence significantly decreased survival. DSS was significantly improved in patients with clear margins of resection. Metastasis to a distant site occurred in 9.6% of patients. Twenty-one percent of patients had second primary cancers, and 54% of these patients died of their second primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in DSS was seen in patients with clear margins, early stage grouping and clinical (pretreatment) tumor stage, and negative nodes. Significant decrease in DSS was seen in patients with close or involved margins, advanced stage grouping and clinical (pretreatment) tumor staging, positive clinical (pretreatment) node staging, and tumor recurrence. Obtaining clear margins of resection is crucial because it significantly affects survival. A minimum of 5 years of close monitoring is recommended because of the high incidence of second primary cancers.

18
UI - 12074869
AU - Gaeta GM; Satriano RA; Baroni A
TI - Oral pigmented lesions.
SO - Clin Dermatol 2002 May-Jun;20(3):286-8
AD - Department of Oral Medicine Pathology, School of Dentistry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

19
UI - 12091092
AU - Task Force on Community Preventive Services
TI - Recommendations on selected interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries.
SO - Am J Prev Med 2002 Jul;23(1 Suppl):16-20

20
UI - 12091093
AU - Truman BI; Gooch BF; Sulemana I; Gift HC; Horowitz AM; Evans CA; Griffin
TI - SO; Carande-Kulis VG; The Task Force on Community Preventive Services Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries.
SO - Am J Prev Med 2002 Jul;23(1 Suppl):21-54
AD - Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Btruman@cdc.gov
This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other positive and negative effects, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected population-based interventions intended to prevent or control dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. The related systematic reviews are linked by a common conceptual approach. These reviews form the basis of recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) about the use of these selected interventions. The Task Force recommendations are presented in this supplement.

21
UI - 12091094
AU - Gooch BF; Truman BI; Griffin SO; Kohn WG; Sulemana I; Gift HC; Horowitz
TI - AM; Evans CA Jr A comparison of selected evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries.
SO - Am J Prev Med 2002 Jul;23(1 Suppl):55-80
AD - Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Bgooch@cdc.gov

22
UI - 12000893
AU - De Ponte FS; Brunelli A; Marchetti E; Bottini DJ
TI - Sublingual epidermoid cyst.
SO - J Craniofac Surg 2002 Mar;13(2):308-10
AD - Cattedra di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are developmental pathologies that occur in the head and neck with an incidence ranging from 1.6 to 6.9%, and they represent less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts.Our purpose is to report a case of sublingual epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth. We studied and operated on an 18-year-old white male patient showing a large swelling of oral floor. His main symptoms were difficulty breathing, swallowing, and speaking. At his birth the patient's tongue was adherent to the floor of the mouth. His father had the same problem at birth. Both father and son underwent surgical separation of tongue, during the post-neonatal period.After the surgical removal of the swelling, under general anesthesia, all the patient's symptoms were missed. Histological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. No relapse of the lesion was present in ten months of follow-up. Many theories are proposed on the etiology of the epidermoid and dermoid cyst. In this case a traumatic event can be found, such as an operation of the tongue in neonatal age. However a multifactorial origin must be assumed for justifying the fact that the patient's father did not develop a dermoid cyst although he had the same problem of an adherent tongue and was operated on.

23
UI - 12000900
AU - Kiyokawa K; Tai Y; Tanaka S; Inoue Y
TI - A new regenerative approach to oromandibular reconstruction after the resection of head and neck malignant tumor.
SO - J Craniofac Surg 2002 Mar;13(2):337-46; discussion 347-8
AD - Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
We developed a new regenerative oromandibular reconstruction technique. In our technique, bone marrow was removed from surgically resected mandible, and then the mandible was heat-treated and prepared into a cortical bone tray. This tray was fixed on the defect area, iliac cancellous bone was grafted into its lumen, the entire circumference was covered with the muscle part of pectoral major myocutaneous flap, and the oral defect and the skin defect on the lower jaw were reconstructed with the skin paddles of the skin island of the flap. Two patients were treated with this technique after the removal of oral cavity cancer. The patients did not develop postoperative complications, the reconstructed mandible as well as the flap were completely taken, and normal shape of the mandible was regained. This technique would be one of the useful oromandibular reconstruction methods.

24
UI - 12037387
AU - Bettendorf O; Herrmann G
TI - Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 antigen expression in 329 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
SO - ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2002 May-Jun;64(3):200-5
AD - Gerhard-Domagk-Institut fur Pathologie, Universitat Munster, Munster, Deutschland. O_Bettendorf@web.de
Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 staining in oral squamous cell carcinomas was investigated by immunohistochemical expression in 329 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity due to a formamide pretreatment. The growth fraction (Ki-67 labelling index, LI) was correlated to histopathological grading, lymphocytic reaction, stroma/tumour proportion, pattern of invasion, mitotic rate, degree of keratinisation, tumour size, thickness of tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement and five-year survival rate. Highly significant inverse correlation was found between the Ki-67 LI, the stroma/tumour proportion and the degree of keratinisation whereas no correlation could be established between the Ki-67 LI and all the other histological and clinical paramters. Ki-67 staining alone has no prognostic relevance in oral cancer. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

25
UI - 12053512
AU - Acuna Garcia M; Alonso Treceno JL; Rodriguez Pampliega JC; Moralejo
TI - Martin J; Raouf A [Total glossectomy without laryngectomy. Surgical techniques and its controversies]
SO - An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am 2002;29(2):173-80
AD - Servicio de O.R.L., Hospital General Rio Carrion, Palencia.
Total glossectomy is the procedure for entire removal of the tongue, practice considered as one of the most mutilating possible done in head and neck surgery. Vital functions altered after tongue resection are: mastication, language and swallowing. It's controversial the role played by total laryngectomy considering the definitive split of respiratory and digestive tracts. Some AA. perform apart both ectomies pending of the suitable rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: Report of a case of glossectomy recently operated maintaining the larynx and review the several operative steps, the complications until satisfactory swallow was achieved and perusal of literature on this controversial subject.

26
UI - 12068477
AU - Spinato R; Abramo A; Manconi R
TI - [Highly malignant papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the tongue: a case report]
SO - Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2002 Apr;22(2):86-9
AD - U. O. A. di Otorinolaringoiatria, ALSS 13, Regione Veneto, Presidi Ospedalieri di Mirano/Noale, Venezia.
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma (PC) of the tongue is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm arising from the minor salivary glands. Its anatomopathological features are sufficiently characterized although clinical manifestation and biological behavior are not yet well defined. The Authors describe a highly malignant case of PC of the tongue in a 71-year-old man treated with surgery, followed by radiotherapy. Clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of this rare neoplasm are described. A review of the international literature confirms how unusual this disorder is and explains the poor tumor histotype characterization. Finally the Authors assert that this is the first case of highly malignant PC with localization limited to the tongue reported in literature. The Authors conclude suggesting a clinical-therapeutic procedure to deal with this rare pathology.

27
UI - 12068478
AU - Salgarelli A; Cella L; Ladisa R; Pagani R; Colpani F
TI - [Epithelial leiomyosarcoma of gingiva: a case report and review of literature]
SO - Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2002 Apr;22(2):90-4
AD - Divisione di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, Azienda Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova. cmfsalga@virgilio.it
Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (EL) is a rare malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin. The Authors review the literature and report a case of gingival epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in a 40-year-old patient. In this case the leiomyosarcoma was located in the lower front dental group and invaded the symphysis menti. A segmentary mandibolectomy was performed with reconstruction using a non-revascularized autologous iliac bone graft. The differential diagnosis of primary EL is quite complex and it is grouped with other sarcomas, sarcomatoid carcinoma, myoepithelioma, amelanotic melanoma and metastases from gastrointestinal EL. Anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemical study enabled a definitive diagnosis of primary EL of gingiva. The follow-up calls for clinical-radiological check-ups every three months for the first year and every six months thereafter. One year after surgery there were no signs of recurrence.

28
UI - 12072790
AU - Schmid RA; Schwenzer K; Weiss M; Rock C; Rink FJ; Hahn K; Dresel S
TI - Monostotic Paget's Disease of a cervical vertebra: differential diagnosis with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography using a coincidence technique and with Tc-99m dicarboxypropane diphosphonate.
SO - Clin Nucl Med 2002 Jul;27(7):537-8
AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Germany. rupert.schmid@nuk.med.uni-muenchen.de

29
UI - 12138239
AU - Katoh K; Nakanishi Y; Akimoto S; Yoshimura K; Takagi M; Sakamoto M;
TI - Hirohashi S Correlation between laminin-5 gamma2 chain expression and epidermal growth factor receptor expression and its clinicopathological significance in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
SO - Oncology 2002;62(4):318-26
AD - Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Recent investigations have revealed that growth factors may influence the invasive activity of tumor cells. Expression of laminin-5 gamma2 chain (LN-5 gamma2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue in 104 patients with stage II, III, and IVA, B (excluding the cases with distant metastasis) was examined immunohistochemically to determine the correlation between the two molecules and the associations with the clinicopathological features of each tumor. LN-5 gamma2 expression was clearly demonstrated in the cytoplasm and EGFR in the cell membranes of cancer cells. A significant increase in positivity for LN-5 gamma2 was observed in tumors showing poor differentiation (p < 0.001), infiltrative growth (p < 0.001), and deep invasion (p = 0.038). In a multivariate analysis, increased positivity for LN-5 gamma2 was an independent predictor of an unfavorable outcome (p < 0.001). A significant increase in positivity for EGFR was observed in tumors showing infiltrative growth (p = 0.032) and poor prognosis (p = 0.008). The LN-5 gamma2 expression was correlated significantly with EGFR expression (p < 0.001). Patients with tumor positivity for both molecules showed the worst prognosis (p < 0.001). LN-5 gamma2 overexpression and EGFR overexpression is evident in tumors showing infiltrative growth, suggesting that EGFR may influence the invasive activity of tumor cells through overexpression of LN-5 gamma2. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

30
UI - 11892908
AU - Kovacs AF; Gruterich G; Wagner M
TI - Long-term complete remission of oral cancer after anti-neoplastic chemotherapy as single treatment modality: role of local chemotherapy.
SO - J Chemother 2002 Feb;14(1):95-101
AD - Clinic of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. A.Kovacs@em.uni-frankfurt.de
The impact of intra-arterial local chemotherapy on squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity is doubtful when considering long-term survival, especially in cases of nodal involvement. But even in patients with strictly local disease it is not possible to determine the effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy because it is mainly used as a neoadjuvant treatment modality. In the present paper, long-term courses of two patients are described who refused any further treatment after one cycle of intra-arterial chemotherapy with cisplatin followed by systemic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and one cycle of intra-arterial chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin, respectively. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the potential of local chemotherapy in responders. The impact of this treatment modality in incurable patients is discussed, too. This may offer a point in favor of use of intra-arterial chemotherapy in combination treatment regimens.

31
UI - 12150611
AU - Chandler SW; Rassekh CH; Rodman SM; Ducatman BS
TI - Immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-10 in human oral and pharyngeal carcinomas.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 May;112(5):808-15
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9200, USA.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine with numerous, well-described effects on the human cellular and humoral immune response. The oncogenic potential of IL-10 has been previously investigated in bronchogenic carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Waldeyer's ring carcinoma, and serum supernatants of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and cellular localization of IL-10 in human SC-CHN. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry of archival tissues. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded archival tissues were retrospectively obtained from 98 patients with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Using a standard immunohistochemical technique, these specimens were stained with a polyclonal antibody to IL-10. RESULTS: Using these methods, we found specific localization of antigenic IL-10 to individual tumor cells in 65% of tumors studied. Intensity of staining was significantly, but inversely, related to tumor grade and N stage; there also existed a significant staining predisposition for oral cavity lesions when samples from this site were compared with tissues derived from elsewhere in the pharynx. Furthermore, IL-10 was not localized to normal epithelial keratinocytes or inflammatory cells at the level of sensitivity achieved by the immunohistochemical methods used in the study. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that IL-10 can be specifically localized to human oral and pharyngeal cancer cells. These data also suggest an inverse association for both tumor grade and N stage with specific tumor marker staining. Future studies should investigate the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of human SCCHN.

32
UI - 12150612
AU - Lydiatt DD
TI - Cancer of the oral cavity and medical malpractice.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 May;112(5):816-9
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Methodist Cancer Center, Omaha 68198-1225, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze malpractice litigation initiated by patients with cancer of the oral cavity as a result of allegations concerning their diagnosis and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Jury verdict reviews from 1984 to 2000 were obtained from a computerized legal database and analyzed. Reviews compile pertinent data on defendants, plaintiffs, verdict outcomes, indemnity payments, and allegations of wrongdoing and provide case summaries. Fifty cases from 21 of all 50 states were obtained. Data were entered into a spreadsheet for analysis. RESULTS: Overall, a young age (mean age, 45 y) and poor oncological outcome (47% dead) were seen. The younger age group (<47 y) had a better outcome (65% without disease), were more often misdiagnosed (19%), won awards (60%), and had higher awards (average award, $755,824) as compared with those older than 47 years of age, who had 39% without disease, 0% misdiagnosed, and 52% who won awards that were less, on average, at $495,417. Failure to diagnose the cancer was alleged, overall, in 43 of 50 cases (86%), and in general practice, dentists, and otolaryngologist in 100%, 85%, and 89%, respectively. Suits alleging a delay in diagnosis of less than 3 months were defendant verdicts in 86%, and of more than 3 months, in 40%. Failures to perform biopsy and to refer were common allegations. CONCLUSIONS: Young age of patients bringing litigation is seen in patients with oral cancer. These patients frequently have poor oncological outcomes. Risk management goals to prevent delays in diagnosis may help prevent subsequent litigation.

33
UI - 12147901
AU - Ratageri VH; Rajshankar S
TI - Palatal hemangioma with cleft zero.
SO - Indian Pediatr 2002 Jul;39(7):693-4
AD - Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli 580 022, India.

34
UI - 12162765
AU - Perlmutter MA; Johnson JT; Snyderman CH; Cano ER; Myers EN
TI - Functional outcomes after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.
SO - Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Aug;128(8):887-91
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, The Eye and Ear Institute, PA 15213, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To compare functional outcome and quality of life after various treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. DESIGN: Retrospective survey using statistical comparison. SETTING: Academic medical center, institutional practice. PARTICIPANTS: Patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue between 1976 and 2000. Living patients 3 or more months after treatment were eligible. Questionnaire packets including validated site-specific quality-of-life instruments were mailed to 105 qualifying patients. Sixty-one patients participated, forming a volunteer sample. Patient responses were grouped according to treatment modality, operative vs nonoperative. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The planned outcome was that nonoperative therapy would result in better function than operative treatment. RESULTS: Most comparisons indicated no statistical difference in outcome between operative and nonoperative groups. Significant differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated for age, interval since treatment, and T stage. Group comparisons of patient responses revealed significant differences only in xerostomia and days hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: The tongue remains dysfunctional after both surgical and nonoperative treatment. Nonoperative treatment might more adversely affect saliva. Surgery is associated with a longer hospital stay.

35
UI - 12162767
AU - Xie X; Clausen OP; Boysen M
TI - Prognostic significance of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinomas.
SO - Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Aug;128(8):897-902
AD - Department of Otolaryngology and the Institute for Pathology, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway. xin.xie@labmed.uio.no
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and its relationship with p53 accumulation and other apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and apoptotic index in relation to disease-specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). DESIGN: A 10-year retrospective clinical study. Information about clinical findings, treatment, and follow-up has been recorded prospectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Diagnostic, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections taken f

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