• Malignant lymphoma of bone.

• [Endemic celiac sprue and Hodgkin's disease in a 72-year-old patient]

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient.

• Protection of ovarian function by oral contraceptives in women receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

• Hodgkin's disease in homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy.

• Childhood Hodgkin's disease in Campinas, Brazil.

• [Prognostic value of gene expression profiling using cDNA arrays in lymphomas]

• [Cured from Hodgkin's disease]

• Hodgkin's disease and ataxia telangiectasia with pulmonary cavities.

• Nuclear factor kappaB-dependent gene expression profiling of Hodgkin's disease tumor cells, pathogenetic significance, and link to constitutive

• Peptide transporter (TAP-1 and TAP-2)-independent endogenous processing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2A: implications for

• Antigen presenting phenotype of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells: analysis of the HLA class I processing pathway and the effects of interleukin-10

• Analysis of major histocompatibility complex class I, TAP expression, and LMP2 epitope sequence in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin's

• HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and TAP genes in familial Hodgkin disease.

• Biliary involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

• Technetium-99m tetrofosmin imaging in malignant lymphomas.

• Pediatric Hodgkin's therapy: time for a paradigm shift.

• Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete

• Hodgkin's disease complicating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

• Granulomatous reaction after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

• F-18 FDG versus Ga-67 for detecting splenic involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

• Extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma with renal, splenic and uterine involvement. A case report.

• Infiltration of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes around Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H&RS) cells in Hodgkin disease: Relation with expression

• [Role of radionuclide imaging of bone marrow and spleen in choice of therapy and topometric preparation for radiotherapy of patients with

• Stanford V regimen and concomitant HAART in 59 patients with Hodgkin disease and HIV infection.

• Second malignancy after Hodgkin disease treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors.

• FDG PET in the management of lymphoma: a clinical perspective.

• Psoriatic arthritis, nail disease and pustules following Hodgkin's lymphoma.

• Magnetic resonance cholangiographic assessment of a delayed radiation-induced bile duct stricture.

• Stage I-III Hodgkin's disease: outcome and pattern of failure following treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy in a modern era.

• [Abnormal regulation in the production of IL2 in Hodgkin's disease]

• [Particles with retrovirus appearance and reverse transcriptase activity in cell cultures derived from lymph node biopsies in Hodgkin's disease]

• Bone lymphoma: 67Ga scintigraphy and CT for prediction of outcome after treatment.

1
UI - 11995873
AU - Durr HR; Muller PE; Hiller E; Maier M; Baur A; Jansson V; Refior HJ
TI - Malignant lymphoma of bone.
SO - Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2002 Feb;122(1):10-6
AD - Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rostock, Germany. hans_roland.duerr@med.uni-rostock.de
Malignant lymphoma of bone is rare. In many cases, its diagnosis is delayed because of unspecific clinical signs and equivocal radiographs. Therapy in general is multimodal, including surgery and radio- and chemotherapy. Our objective was to demonstrate the clinical and radiological aspects of the lesion to optimize diagnostic approaches and to evaluate treatment and prognostic factors. Thirty-six patients with malignant lymphoma of bone who were surgically treated over a 15-year-period were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen of them showed a singular bone non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) which was classified as primary lymphoma of the bone (PLB). In 13 cases, dissemination of the disease with multiple bone or visceral involvement was apparent (dNHL). Six patients suffered from bone involvement due to Hodgkin's disease (HD). Surgical treatment was indicated for diagnostic reasons or complications due to the disease. Radiation and chemotherapy were part of the oncological treatment. The patients' mean age was 57 years.The main symptom in malignant bone lymphoma in 33 patients was pain, with an average duration of 8 months. In the secondary cases, bone involvement appeared on average 57 months after the initial diagnosis. An osteolytic pattern was seen in 58% of the lesions. Soft-tissue involvement was seen in 71% of cases (PLB 80%, dNHL 73%, HD 40%) and was the primary diagnostic sign associated with this disease. The 5-year survival rate was 61% (PLB 88%, dNHL 38%, HD 50%). Multiple vs solitary bone involvement was the most significant factor in the prognosis. Extraskeletal involvement significantly decreased survival. No correlation was found between gender, age, location, or histological subtypes and survival. Bone involvement in NHL appears late in the extraskeletal disease. The clinical appearance is nonspecific, and the delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis is often long. One of the major radiologic signs is the existence of a soft-tissue tumor surrounding the bone with little or no bone involvement on plain films. Treatment generally is conservative, based on the stage of the disease. Local radiation with or without systemic chemotherapy should be used. The long-term survival is favorable, but dependent on the stage of the disease and the amount of bone involvement.

2
UI - 12215925
AU - Platen E; Dumoulin FL; Fischer HP; Sauerbruch T
TI - [Endemic celiac sprue and Hodgkin's disease in a 72-year-old patient]
SO - Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002 Sep 6;127(36):1815-8
AD - Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Universitat Bonn, Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Germany.
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 72-year-old man was admitted with diarrhea, loss of weight and anemia. The diarrhea started after antibiotic treatment of a pneumonia and persisted for 6 months at admission. Monoclonal gammopathy was found on external examination. INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS: The work-up yielded iron deficiency anemia, monoclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa) and elevated polyclonal IgA due to Gliadin- and endomysium-antibodies. Duodenal mucosa biopsies showed villous atrophy and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. Celiac disease was diagnosed. Unexpectedly, mediastinal lymphomas were found and the concomitant diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was made. TREATMENT AND COURSE: On gluten free diet all symptoms of malabsorption resolved. Therapy for the Hodgkin lymphoma with chemotherapy was initiated. As Bleomycin associated lung disease occurred during therapy, radiotherapy was not administered. A complete remission could be achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The association of celiac disease and malignancy is well known. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but a correlation between the duration of gluten exposure and the rate of malignancy was found. Thus, the chronic immunologic stimulation might also have contributed to the development of Hodgkin's disease in our patient, which to date has been reported only anecdotally.

3
UI - 1665342
AU - Montalban C; Bellas C; Rodriguez-Garcia JL; Aguado M; Fernandez-Munoz R
TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient.
SO - Ann Oncol 1991 Sep;2(8):585-7
AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed in a 22-year-old HIV-seropositive man in 1986. Alternate MOPP/ABVD chemotherapy induced a clinical remission. He was asymptomatic until 3 years later when fever and peripheral and mediastinal lymphadenopathy appeared. Lymph node biopsy showed a large-cell anaplastic lymphoma and EBV genome was identified in the malignant cells, suggesting that transformation might had been induced by EBV. The present case affirms that in patients with HIV-related lymphomas who present enlarging lymphadenopathy after stable remission, the development of lymphomas of higher malignancy needs to be ruled out.

4
UI - 7272513
AU - Chapman RM; Sutcliffe SB
TI - Protection of ovarian function by oral contraceptives in women receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
SO - Blood 1981 Oct;58(4):849-51
It has been reported by us and by others that after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease the ovary contains fewer than 5 primordial and primary follicles per 5 x 5 mm biopsy section. In young women this is associated with premature menopause. We report here that before treatment the tissue contains 18--55 such follicles per biopsy section. When women took combination oral contraceptives throughout the course of MVPP therapy, the posttreatment ovarian biopsy tissue had more than 20 follicles per histologic section. Normal menses were established in the five women who discontinued oral contraceptives at the end of MVPP therapy, and one of them is now pregnant.

5
UI - 3966748
AU - Schoeppel SL; Hoppe RT; Dorfman RF; Horning SJ; Collier AC; Chew TG;
TI - Weiss LM Hodgkin's disease in homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy.
SO - Ann Intern Med 1985 Jan;102(1):68-70

6
UI - 8531859
AU - Faria SL; Vassallo J; Cosset JM; Brandalise SR
TI - Childhood Hodgkin's disease in Campinas, Brazil.
SO - Med Pediatr Oncol 1996 Feb;26(2):90-4
AD - Centro de Investigacoes Hematologicas Dr. Domingos Boldrini, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil.
PURPOSE: Little clinical information about Hodgkin's disease in children is available from poor countries. The object of this study is to evaluate our data in Campinas, Brazil and hope "to make one dot on the geographic map of this disease more clear." PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1978 and 1988, 46 patients under the age of 17 years with biopsy-proven Hodgkin's Disease (HD) were referred for evaluation at Centro Boldrini in Campinas, Sao Paulo state, in Brazil. Thirty-seven of them were treated and followed-up only at this Center and are the subjects of this analysis. All the original histological slides were obtained, reviewed, and classified according to the Rye system. Staging procedures included exploratory laparotomy in 33 of 37 children, but none had lymphangiography. Treatment was individualized until January 1986 when the German protocol was adopted. RESULTS: Nineteen cases were classified as nodular sclerosis, 14 as mixed cellularity, and three as lymphocyte depleted. Mean age was 7 years; male/female ratio was 2:1. Fifty percent were advanced stages III and IV and 46% (17/37) had at least one of the systemic B symptoms. Mean follow-up was 81 months (range from 41 to 174 months). Five-year actuarial overall survival was 78%. Two children (5%) had acute myeloid leukemia at 25 and 49 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although distribution of histological subtypes of our cases is similar to other reports in developed countries, as well as percentage of advanced stages III/IV, our patients fared worse when compared to those reports. The reason for this continues to remain unclear but it does not seem to be related to histology subtypes.

7
UI - 12206978
AU - Bertucci F; Salas S; Nasser V; Houlgatte R; Birnbaum D; Xerri L
TI - [Prognostic value of gene expression profiling using cDNA arrays in lymphomas]
SO - Bull Cancer 2002 Jul-Aug;89(7-8):661-5
AD - Departement d'oncologie medicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, IFR57, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13273 Marseille, France. bertuccif@marseille.fnclcc.fr
Lymphomas are the most frequent haematological malignancies in France. Their histoclinical heterogeneity reflects their complex and combinatorial nature which remains poorly elucidated at the molecular level. Today, DNA arrays allow to tackle this diversity by measuring the mRNA expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously in one sample. Recent publications show the potential of DNA arrays to improve the prognostic classification of diffuse large B cell lymphomas and of Hodgkin's lymphoma, by identifying new tumour classes unrecognised by classical factors.

8
UI - 12206979
AU - Brice P
TI - [Cured from Hodgkin's disease]
SO - Bull Cancer 2002 Jul-Aug;89(7-8):666-70
AD - HDJ d'hematologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France. pauline.brice@sls.ap-hop-paris.fr
Hodgkin's disease can be cured from 80 to 90% of cases with a regular improvement of therapeutic results since 1960. We detailed the remission criteria with a focus on post therapeutic residual masses which did not influence the relapse rate. The follow-up of patients in remission is made as an outbasis care every 4 months during the first year than every 6 months with a routine bilan for 10 years. Some adverse events can occur with first, the acute leukemia arising before 10 years, this risk is decreasing with the disminished use of MOPP chemotherapy. The other solid tumors occur later and are related to the patient age, the type of treatment given and individual factors. Thyroid diseases are frequent but mostly benign needing only consumption of thyroid extracts. Fertility is directly related to chemotherapy (including alkylating agents) and to pelvic radiation therapy. With the current use of ABVD-type chemotherapy the preservation of fertility is good but there is a risk for long term cardiopulmonary toxicity almost for the older patients receiving together mediastinal radiation therapy. At the end most long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease recover a normal socioprofessional life, while reporting a longer duration of fatigue and many children were born after treatments.

9
UI - 11948987
AU - Yalcin B; Kutluk MT; Sanal O; Akyuz C; Anadol D; Caglar M; Gocmen A;
TI - Buyukpamukcu M Hodgkin's disease and ataxia telangiectasia with pulmonary cavities.
SO - Pediatr Pulmonol 2002 May;33(5):399-403
AD - Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) homozygotes have an increased risk for development of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Parenchymal lung involvement is not uncommon in HD; however, cavitary pulmonary lesions are quite unusual. We report on 3 cases of AT with HD who had mediastinal disease and parenchymal pulmonary involvement with cavitation. Of 6 AT patients in our HD series, 3 developed pulmonary cavities. The patients displayed pulmonary infiltration, cavitation in the lung parenchyma, and mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes on both plain chest X-rays and thoracic computed tomographies. No infectious etiologies were established for the pulmonary findings. Histopathological examination of open lung and mediastinal biopsies revealed HD, and all patients received multiagent chemotherapies. The outcome was fatal in all 3 patients. Respiratory infections are the principle cause for morbidity and mortality in AT patients. Reports on cavitating pulmonary lesions in HD are quite rare. Furthermore, data regarding the patterns of pulmonary involvement in AT patients with or without HD are lacking. The increased incidence of malignancies in AT patients may relate to immunodeficiency and to the chromosomal alterations identified.

10
UI - 12208876
AU - Hinz M; Lemke P; Anagnostopoulos I; Hacker C; Krappmann D; Mathas S;
TI - Dorken B; Zenke M; Stein H; Scheidereit C Nuclear factor kappaB-dependent gene expression profiling of Hodgkin's disease tumor cells, pathogenetic significance, and link to constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a activity.
SO - J Exp Med 2002 Sep 2;196(5):605-17
AD - Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Constitutive nuclear nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity is observed in a variety of hematopoietic and solid tumors. Given the distinctive role of constitutive NF-kappaB for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cell viability, we performed molecular profiling in two Hodgkin's disease (HD) cell lines to identify NF-kappaB target genes. We recognized 45 genes whose expression in both cell lines was regulated by NF-kappaB. The NF-kappaB-dependent gene profile comprises chemokines, cytokines, receptors, apoptotic regulators, intracellular signaling molecules, and transcription factors, the majority of which maintain a marker-like expression in HRS cells. Remarkably, we found 17 novel NF-kappaB target genes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that NF-kappaB is recruited directly to the promoters of several target genes, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5a, interleukin-13, and CC chemokine receptor 7. Intriguingly, NF-kappaB positively regulates STAT5a expression and signaling pathways in HRS cells, and promotes its persistent activation. In fact, STAT5a overexpression was found in most tumor cells of tested patients with classical HD, indicating a critical role for HD. The gene profile underscores a central role of NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of HD and potentially of other tumors with constitutive NF-kappaB activation.

11
UI - 8764046
AU - Khanna R; Burrows SR; Moss DJ; Silins SL
TI - Peptide transporter (TAP-1 and TAP-2)-independent endogenous processing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2A: implications for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte control of EBV-associated malignancies.
SO - J Virol 1996 Aug;70(8):5357-62
AD - Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
Major histocompatibility [correction of histocampatability] complex (MHC) class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognizing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent antigens play a pivotal role in restricting the proliferation of EBV-infected normal B cells. However, it is now well established that most of the EBV-associated malignancies escape this potent CTL response in vivo. This resistance to immune surveillance is not due to an obvious CTL dysfunction but has been partly attributed to the down-regulation of the peptide transporters, TAP-1 and TAP-2, thus restricting the endogenous loading of MHC class I molecules with peptides derived from viral nuclear antigens. In the present study we have explored the possibility that EBV latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), which is often expressed in many of the EBV-associated malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease tumors, can be endogenously processed through an alternative, TAP-1- and TAP-2-independent pathway. The data presented in this study clearly demonstrate not only that LMP2A can be processed by a TAP-independent mechanism but also that tumor cells with down-regulated TAP expression can be efficiently recognized by LMP2A-specific T cells following infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding this protein. We propose that since LMP2A is a membrane protein, it is directly translocated into the secretory pathway and the processing enzymes present in the endoplasmic reticulum are capable of generating the relevant peptide epitopes for MHC binding. The present finding of TAP-1- and TAP-2-independent presentation of LMP2A epitopes suggests a novel mechanism for immune targeting of EBV-positive malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease tumors.

12
UI - 9680372
AU - Lee SP; Constandinou CM; Thomas WA; Croom-Carter D; Blake NW; Murray PG;
TI - Crocker J; Rickinson AB Antigen presenting phenotype of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells: analysis of the HLA class I processing pathway and the effects of interleukin-10 on epstein-barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell recognition.
SO - Blood 1998 Aug 1;92(3):1020-30
AD - CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. s.p.lee@bham.ac.uk
Approximately 40% of Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases in Western countries carry Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the malignant Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells. HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with specificity for viral antigens expressed in H-RS cells therefore have therapeutic potential. However, a prerequisite for CTL therapy is that the tumor target be capable of processing and presenting endogenously expressed antigens via the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent HLA class I pathway. We have assessed the antigen-presenting phenotype of H-RS cells in two ways. First, immunohistochemical analysis of 38 HD biopsies showed that H-RS cells were uniformly TAP1/TAP2-positive and expressed HLA class I in the majority (18 of 24, 75%) of EBV-positive cases compared with only 4 of 14 (29%) of EBV-negative cases. Second, using a panel of 5 H-RS cell lines, we showed that 4 of 5 could process and present EBV proteins to HLA class I-restricted EBV-specific CTL clones. Others have reported that human interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is expressed by H-RS cells in the majority of EBV-positive HD cases, can abrogate CTL recognition in some circumstances. However, IL-10 pretreatment of the H-RS lines or of the EBV-specific CTLs had no such effect in this system. These results support the possibility that EBV-specific CTLs may be used to treat virus-positive HD. Copyright 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

13
UI - 9746788
AU - Murray PG; Constandinou CM; Crocker J; Young LS; Ambinder RF
TI - Analysis of major histocompatibility complex class I, TAP expression, and LMP2 epitope sequence in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin's disease.
SO - Blood 1998 Oct 1;92(7):2477-83
AD - CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane proteins, LMP1 and LMP2, are consistently expressed by the malignant Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease (HD). Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to both of these proteins have been shown in the blood of EBV-seropositive individuals, yet in HD the apparent failure of the CTL response to eliminate HRS cells expressing LMP1 and LMP2 in vivo has given rise to the suggestion that HD may be characterized by the presence of defects in antigen processing/presentation or in CTL function. This study has used immunohistochemistry to show high-level expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by the HRS cells of EBV-associated HD and either low level or absence of expression of MHC class I molecules on HRS cells of EBV-negative tumors. In addition, HRS cells expressed high levels of transporter-associated proteins (TAP-1, -2), irrespective of the presence of latent EBV infection. These results suggest that global downregulation of MHC class I molecules does not account for the apparent ability of EBV-infected HRS cells to evade CTL responses, but may be important in the understanding of EBV-negative disease.We have also sequenced an epitope in LMP2A (CLGGLLTMV) that is restricted through HLA A2.1, a relatively common allele in Caucasian populations, and showed that this epitope is wild type in a small group of EBV-associated HLA A2.1-positive HD tumors. This result may be relevant to proposed immunotherapeutic approaches for EBV-positive HD patients that target CTL epitopes.

14
UI - 11781255
AU - Harty LC; Lin AY; Goldstein AM; Jaffe ES; Carrington M; Tucker MA; Modi
TI - WS HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and TAP genes in familial Hodgkin disease.
SO - Blood 2002 Jan 15;99(2):690-3
AD - Genetic Epidemiology Branch and the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
The HLA region has long been implicated in sporadic and familial Hodgkin disease (HD), with recent case-control studies suggesting that HLA class II loci predispose to sporadic nodular sclerosis HD (NSHD). To determine whether this predisposition extends to familial HD, HLA class II loci (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci (TAP1, TAP2) were investigated in 100 members of 16 families with at least 2 confirmed cases of HD. With the use of the transmission disequilibrium test, evidence for linkage disequilibrium with familial HD and, in particular, familial NSHD was obtained for the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype, the TAP1 allele encoding Ile at residue 333, and the DRB5-0101 allele. These 3 markers were in linkage disequilibrium and may not represent independent susceptibility regions. Use of a family-based approach excludes population stratification as an explanation for these findings.

15
UI - 12164356
AU - Gupta A; Roebuck DJ; Michalski AJ
TI - Biliary involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
SO - Pediatr Radiol 2002 Mar;32(3):202-4
AD - Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
Hodgkin's disease (HD) usually presents with lymphadenopathy. At the time of diagnosis, mediastinal involvement is present in most patients, and purely extranodal disease is rare. We present a case of HD with disease apparently limited to the liver and spleen, and imaging and biopsy findings compatible with sclerosing cholangitis.

16
UI - 12365376
AU - Schillaci O; Filippis AM; Anselmo AP; Monteleone F; Capoccetti F; Massa
TI - R; Maurizi Enrici R; Scopinaro F Technetium-99m tetrofosmin imaging in malignant lymphomas.
SO - Tumori 2002 May-Jun;88(3):S24-5
AD - Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. oschil@tiscalinet.it
AIMS: To assess the utility of 99mTc tetrofosmin (TF) scintigraphy as a diagnostic modality in lymphomas. METHODS: Seventeen patients (14 with Hodgkin's disease and three with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; age range, 10-59 years) were investigated. Planar and SPECT images of the supradiaphragmatic region (including neck and chest) were obtained. All patients were untreated at the time of the first scintigraphy. Follow-up scans after therapy were acquired in six patients (in five twice), so a total of 28 scintigraphic studies were performed. Mediastinal, pulmonary, cervical, supraclavicular and axillary activity was evaluated and results were compared in a blinded fashion with those of CT. RESULTS: TF imaging demonstrated pathological focal uptake at 38 sites (16 in the mediastinum, eight in the lungs, four in the axillae, eight in the supraclavicular region and two in the cervical region) in 16 of 17 untreated patients. CT identified 24 lesions (16 in the mediastinum, two in the lungs, two in the axillae, two in the supraclavicular and two in the cervical region) in 17 patients. Scintigraphy detected 22 of the 24 lesions demonstrated by CT and revealed 16 unknown tumor sites in 10 patients. The only negative pre-treatment scintigraphy result was found in a patient with axillary lymph node involvement. On the first post-treatment scintigrams there was a reduction in the number of visualized pathological sites (seven vs 16) in five of the six patients examined. The second follow-up study demonstrated only two lesions in two of the five patients examined. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results indicate that TF imaging is effective in depicting supradiaphragmatic lymphoma lesions in untreated patients and suggest that serial scintigraphic studies may be suitable for monitoring response to treatment. However, larger series are needed to better define the possible role of TF scintigraphy in the follow-up of the response to therapy.

17
UI - 12228193
AU - Hudson MM
TI - Pediatric Hodgkin's therapy: time for a paradigm shift.
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3755-7

18
UI - 12228196
AU - Nachman JB; Sposto R; Herzog P; Gilchrist GS; Wolden SL; Thomson J;
TI - Kadin ME; Pattengale P; Davis PC; Hutchinson RJ; White K; Children's Cancer Group Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy.
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3765-71
AD - Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. jnachman@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu
PURPOSE: Current standard therapy for children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease includes combination chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiation (LD-IFRT). Because radiation may be associated with adverse late effects, the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) investigated whether radiation could be omitted in patients achieving a complete response to initial chemotherapy without jeopardizing the excellent outcome obtained with combined-modality therapy. PATIENTS AND were enrolled onto CCG 5942. A total of 501 patients who achieved an initial complete response after risk-adapted combination chemotherapy were randomized to receive LD-IFRT or no further treatment. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were assessed from the date of study entry or the date of randomization, as appropriate. RESULTS: The projected 3-year EFS from study entry for the entire cohort was 87% +/- 1.2%. Among patients who achieved a complete response to initial chemotherapy, 92% +/- 1.9% of those randomized to receive LD-IFRT were alive and disease free 3 years after randomization, versus 87% +/- 2.2% for patients randomized to receive no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P =.057). With an "as-treated" analysis, 3-year EFS after randomization for the radiation cohort was 93% +/- 1.7% versus 85% +/- 2.3% for patients receiving no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P =.0024). Three-year survival estimates for patients treated with and without LD-IFRT were 98% +/- 1.1% for patients who received radiation and 99% +/- 0.5% for patients who did not receive radiation. CONCLUSION: LD-IFRT after an initial complete response to risk-adapted chemotherapy improved EFS. At this time, there is no survival advantage for LD-IFRT, but follow-up remains short.

19
UI - 2775352
AU - Trimble GX
TI - Hodgkin's disease complicating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
SO - CMAJ 1989 Jun 1;140(11):1262, 1265

20
UI - 12163060
AU - Paydas S; Yavuz S; Disel U; Zeren H; Hasturk S; Hanta I; Ergin M; Sahin
TI - B Granulomatous reaction after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
SO - Leuk Res 2002 Oct;26(10):967-70
AD - Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali, Adana, Turkey. sepay@mail.cu.edu.tr

21
UI - 12170002
AU - Rini JN; Manalili EY; Hoffman MA; Karayalcin G; Mehrotra B; Tomas MB;
TI - Palestro CJ F-18 FDG versus Ga-67 for detecting splenic involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
SO - Clin Nucl Med 2002 Aug;27(8):572-7
AD - Division of Nuclear Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
PURPOSE: The objectives of this investigation were to characterize splenic uptake patterns of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and Ga-67 in newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease, to correlate these uptake patterns with the presence or absence of splenic disease, and to compare the accuracy of these two studies for detecting splenic disease. METHODS: FDG positron emission tomography and Ga-67 whole-body and SPECT imaging were performed in 32 patients with previously untreated Hodgkin's disease. Two readers, blinded to clinical information and final diagnoses, independently reviewed the study results. For both FDG and Ga-67, the intensity of splenic uptake was compared with the intensity of hepatic uptake and graded as follows: 0, less than liver uptake; 1, equal to liver uptake; and 2, greater than liver uptake. Differences in interpretation were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Twelve (38%) of 32 patients had splenic disease. Using splenic uptake greater than hepatic uptake as the criterion for a positive study, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FDG were 92%, 100%, and 97%, respectively. Using splenic uptake at least as intense as hepatic uptake as the criterion for a positive study, the sensitivity specificity, and accuracy of Ga-67 were 50%, 95%, and 78%, respectively. The differences in sensitivity and accuracy of FDG and Ga-67 were significant (P = 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease, FDG accurately diagnoses splenic involvement and is significantly more sensitive and accurate than Ga-67 for this purpose.

22
UI - 11859311
AU - Cataldi A; Sardo P; Ventilii G; Guerrasio A; Pilastrino C; Saglio G;
TI - Fava C Extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma with renal, splenic and uterine involvement. A case report.
SO - Radiol Med (Torino) 2002 Jan-Feb;103(1-2):130-3
AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Servizio di Radiologia a Direzione Universitaria, Ospedale S. Luigi di Orbassano, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.

23
UI - 11920617
AU - Ohshima K; Tutiya T; Yamaguchi T; Suzuki K; Suzumiya J; Kawasaki C;
TI - Haraoka S; Kikuchi M Infiltration of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes around Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H&RS) cells in Hodgkin disease: Relation with expression of CXC and CC chemokines on H&RS cells.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Apr 1;98(4):567-72
AD - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. ohshima@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
Hodgkin disease (HD) is characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (H&RS) and a prominent lymphocytic infiltration. Various CXC and CC chemokines [e.g., interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP10), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) and TARC] are expressed on H&RS cells. Our study was designed to investigate the expression of MIG, IP10 and TARC on H&RS cells and their relations on lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies for CXCR3 (a specific receptor for IP10 and MIG), which is characteristic of Th1 helper phenotype and CCR3, CCR4 and ST2, which are features of Th2 cells. We studied 15 cases of HD [lymphocyte predominance (LP) type, 2; mixed cellularity (MC) type, 6; and nodular sclerosis (NS) type, 7]. All 6 MC cases contained TARC-, IP10- and MIG-expressing H&RS cells, however only 2 of 5 NS cases contained TARC-expressing H&RS cells, 3 of 7 NS contained MIG-expressing H&RS cells and only 1 of 7 NS contained IP10-expressing H&RS cells. Neither of the 2 LP cases contained HR&S cells that expressed these chemokines. The chemokines were more frequently expressed by MC than by NS and LP types. IP10-, MIG- and TARC-positive HD cases contained higher numbers of Th2 lymphocytes (ST2- CCR3- or CCR4-positive lymphocytes), compared to IP10-, MIG- and TARC-negative HD cases (p < 0.05 or <0.5). The number of CXCR3 (MIG and IP10 receptor)-positive lymphocytes (Th1 lymphocytes) was not different between MIG- and IP10-positive and -negative HD. Lymphocytes surrounding MIG- and IP10-positive H&RS cells were more frequently CXCR3-positive, however, compared to MIG- and IP10-negative cases. The CCR4 (TARC receptor)-positive lymphocytes, surrounding H&RS cells, were minority and the surrounding lymphocytes were not different between TARC-positive and negative cases. Our results indicate that MIG, IP10 and TARC chemokines influenced the response of Th2 cells in HD. It is possible, however, that IP10 and MIG may locally influence Th1 cells via cell migration. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

24
UI - 12227067
AU - Kanaev SV; Novikov SN; Gershanovich ML; Zhukova LA; Korobova IA
TI - [Role of radionuclide imaging of bone marrow and spleen in choice of therapy and topometric preparation for radiotherapy of patients with Hodgkin disease]
SO - Vopr Onkol 2002;48(2):193-5
AD - N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, the Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
Use of radionuclide methods of bone marrow (BM) and spleen visualization was assessed in 176 patients with primary Hodgkin's disease and 116 relapsing cases. The study was intended to help design treatment modality and carry out topometric measurements for exposure to radiation. Stage of tumor was revised in 19 primary patients as a result of BM scintigraphy, and this factor was responsible for major changes in the treatment modality in 11 patients (6.2%). This factor played a similar role in designing irradiation field boundaries in another 18 primary patients (10.2%). Similarly, the choice of treatment modality was revised in 33 relapsing patients (27.5%). The standard roentgenometric data on the anatomical reference points of the spleen and those of radionuclide-assisted visualization were compared in 37 patients. In 17 (45.9%), part of the spleen was shown by scintigraphy to be outside the irradiation boundaries delineated by the roentgenometric procedure. Roentgenometry located the spleen well inside the irradiation fields in 8 patients (21.6%). However, due to scintigraphy, their boundaries were altered to cut down the exposure of the left kidney (5) or the left lung (3). Complete agreement between roentgenometric and scintigraphic measurements were reported in 12 patients (32.4%) only.

25
UI - 12200356
AU - Spina M; Gabarre J; Rossi G; Fasan M; Schiantarelli C; Nigra E; Mena M;
TI - Antinori A; Ammassari A; Talamini R; Vaccher E; di Gennaro G; Tirelli U Stanford V regimen and concomitant HAART in 59 patients with Hodgkin disease and HIV infection.
SO - Blood 2002 Sep 15;100(6):1984-8
AD - Division of Medical Oncology A, National Cancer Institute, Via Pedemontana Occidentale 12, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
A phase 2 prospective study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and activity of a short, dose-intensive chemotherapy regimen and radiotherapy (the Stanford V regimen) plus highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support in patients with Hodgkin disease and HIV infection. Fifty-nine patients were enrolled. Stanford V was well tolerated and 69% of the patients completed treatment with no dose reduction or delayed chemotherapy administration. The most important dose-limiting side effects were bone marrow toxicity and neurotoxicity. Complete remission was achieved by 81% of the patients, and after a median follow-up of 17 months 33 patients (56%) were alive and disease-free. The estimated 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and freedom from progression (FFP) were 51%, 68%, and 60%, respectively. Probability of FFP was significantly (P =.02) higher among patients with an International Prognostic Score (IPS) of 2 or lower than in those with an IPS higher than 2, and the percentages of FFP at 2 years in these groups were 83% and 41%, respectively. Similarly, the probability of OS was significantly (P =.0004) different in the 2 groups, and the percentages of OS at 3 years were 76% and 33%, respectively. Our data confirm that the Stanford V regimen with concomitant HAART is feasible and active in an HIV setting. However, a more intensive approach should be considered in patients with high IPSs.

26
UI - 12200357
AU - Ng AK; Bernardo MV; Weller E; Backstrand K; Silver B; Marcus KC; Tarbell
TI - NJ; Stevenson MA; Friedberg JW; Mauch PM Second malignancy after Hodgkin disease treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors.
SO - Blood 2002 Sep 15;100(6):1989-96
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology and the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
The excess risk of second malignancy after Hodgkin disease is an increasing problem. In light of the long-term data, guidelines for follow-up of survivors of Hodgkin disease need to be redefined. In this study we attempt to analyze the long-term risks and temporal trends, identify patient- and treatment-related risk factors, and determine the prognosis of patients who develop a second malignancy after radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease. Among 1319 patients with clinical stage I-IV Hodgkin disease, 181 second malignancies and 18 third malignancies were observed. With a median follow-up of 12 years, the relative risk (RR) and absolute excess risk of second malignancy were 4.6 and 89.3/10 000 person-years. The RR was significantly higher with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (6.1) than with radiation therapy alone (4.0, P =.015). The risk increased with increasing radiation field size (P =.03) in patients who received combined modality therapy, and with time after Hodgkin disease. After 15 and 20 years, there was a 2.3% and 4.0% excess risk of second malignancy per person per year. The 5-year survival after development of a second malignancy was 38.1%, with the worst prognosis seen after acute leukemia and lung cancer. The excess risk of second malignancy after Hodgkin disease continues to be increased after 15 to 20 years, and there does not appear to be a plateau. Our analysis suggests that the risk may be reduced with smaller radiation fields, as are used in current trials of abbreviated chemotherapy and limited-field radiation therapy.

27
UI - 11914880
AU - Hoskin PJ
TI - FDG PET in the management of lymphoma: a clinical perspective.
SO - Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 Apr;29(4):449-51

28
UI - 10952760
AU - Kallarackal G; Jones SM
TI - Psoriatic arthritis, nail disease and pustules following Hodgkin's lymphoma.
SO - Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000 Aug;39(8):930-1

29
UI - 11816548
AU - Di Fiore F; Savoye-Collet C; Savoye G; Foresier F; Koning FE; Scotte M;
TI - Seng SH; Lerebours E Magnetic resonance cholangiographic assessment of a delayed radiation-induced bile duct stricture.
SO - Dig Liver Dis 2001 Oct;33(7):584-6
AD - Digestive Disease Tract Research Group, Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, France.
Radiation-induced bile duct strictures are rare since bile ducts are considered to be resistant in radiation injury. We report a case of bile duct stenosis where evidence is presented that bile duct stricture was the result of radiation injury and which illustrates the major contribution of magnetic res-onance cholangiography in biliary tract disease evaluation.

30
UI - 12171776
AU - Zapatero A; Lopez MA; Cerezo L; De Vidales CM; MarIn A; Perez-Torrubia A
TI - Stage I-III Hodgkin's disease: outcome and pattern of failure following treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy in a modern era.
SO - Hematology 2002 Feb;7(1):43-50
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. azapatero@hlpr.inscelud.es
PURPOSE: To analyse the long term outcome, pattern of failure and treatment related complications after radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy for stage I-III Hodgkin's disease (HD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Detailed records from 86 patients with stage I-III HD treated between 1989 and 1998, were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen patients with favourable stage I-IIA were treated with RT alone, and the remaining 69 patients with combined modality treatment (CMT). Patients treated with RT received extended-field or subtotal nodal irradiation (STNI) to a total dose of 36-54 Gy, and patients with CMT, received involved-field irradiation to a lower doses, 26-40 Gy. The median follow-up time was 50 months (range 16-180). RESULTS: The 10-year overall survival (OS) for the whole group was 96% (SE 2%), 100% for stage I, 95% for stage II and 100% for stage III patients. Of potential prognostic factors analysed for statistical significance, only the response to chemotherapy (p=0.0393) was found to influence significantly OS rates. Twelve patients (13.9%) relapsed. Salvage treatment was effective in 10 of the 12 relapsed patients. The 10-year freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) was 79% (SE 6%). Although 8 (9.6%) of the 83 surviving patients developed late effects that could represent toxicity from the treatment, no patient died of late complications. CONCLUSIONs: RT alone for favourable early stage HD attains good survival rates with a modest treatment related morbidity. For patients with unfavourable stage II and stage III HD, CMT with limited RT provides a good to excellent prognosis.

31
UI - 3928105
AU - Marchiol C; Kaplan C; Chouaib S; Janvier M; Ferme C; Muller JY;
TI - Fradelizi D [Abnormal regulation in the production of IL2 in Hodgkin's disease]
SO - C R Acad Sci III 1985;301(6):283-8
Patients with active Hodgkin's disease demonstrate a significant depression of cellular immunity. The present study, performed with lymphocytes from 16 untreated patients with active Hodgkin's disease and 13 healthy control volunteers, demonstrate an equivalent IL 2 production in vitro in both groups. Our results, however, demonstrate an abnormal regulation of IL 2 production in patients. A negative control of IL 2 production involving monocytes producing PGE 2 able to induce radiosensitive suppressor T lymphocytes, has been identified previously with cells from healthy donors. In the present study we demonstrate that this negative control is hyper functioning with cells from Hodgkin's disease patients.

32
UI - 2443226
AU - Lesser J; Dormont D; Tourani JM; Schwartz O; Fleury H; Neveux Y; Audroin
TI - C; Andrieu JM [Particles with retrovirus appearance and reverse transcriptase activity in cell cultures derived from lymph node biopsies in Hodgkin's disease]
SO - C R Acad Sci III 1987;305(8):295-300
AD - Division de Radiobiologie et Radioprotection, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sante des Armees, Clamart.
Long term cultures of Reed-Sternberg like cells were obtained from lymph node biopsies of two patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease. As soon as the 15th day of culture, a weak magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity was observed in the cell culture supernatants. Retroviral-like particles were observed in cell cultures as well as in their supernatants.

33
UI - 12368366
AU - Israel O; Mekel M; Bar-Shalom R; Epelbaum R; Hermony N; Haim N; Dann EJ;
TI - Frenkel A; Ben-Arush M; Gaitini D Bone lymphoma: 67Ga scintigraphy and CT for prediction of outcome after treatment.
SO - J Nucl Med 2002 Oct;43(10):1295-303
AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. o_israel@rambam.health.gov.il
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of 67Ga scintigraphy and CT in treatment monitoring of bone lymphoma. METHODS: Forty-four lymphoma patients with 91 sites of bone involvement were evaluated. Eight patients had Hodgkin's disease, and 36 patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thirteen patients had primary lymphoma of the bone, and 31 patients had secondary lymphoma of the skeleton. 67Ga and CT studies were performed at baseline, during and at the end of treatment, and during follow-up. Positive 67Ga studies showed abnormal uptake in sites of lymphomatous involvement. Positive CT studies showed lesions with patterns of osteolysis, patterns of osteosclerosis, or a mixed pattern. A negative 67Ga or CT study showed disappearance of all lymphoma-related abnormalities. The sensitivity and specificity of 67Ga scintigraphy at presentation were calculated. Patterns of bone lymphoma on CT and their treatment-related changes were analyzed and recorded. Freedom-from-progression (FFP) curves were used to determine the prognostic value of positive and negative 67Ga and CT findings for predicting outcome after treatment. RESULTS: The sensitivity of 67Ga for diagnosis of bone lymphoma was 93%, and the specificity was 91%. A CT pattern of osteolysis was seen in 70% of skeletal disease sites at diagnosis and in 21% during follow-up. Osteosclerosis was present in 23% of sites at diagnosis and in 38% during follow-up. 67Ga findings became negative in 25% of patients during treatment, whereas only 1 patient showed negative CT findings. Forty-two percent of patients had negative 67Ga findings at the end of treatment, compared with 18% who had negative CT findings. Sixty-one percent of patients had negative 67Ga findings during follow-up, compared with 21% who had negative CT findings. A statistically significant difference in FFP was found between patients with positive and negative 67Ga findings at all evaluated time points. No statistically significant difference in FFP was found at any time point between patients with positive and negative CT findings. CONCLUSION: 67Ga scintigraphy has a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of bone lymphoma. Bone lymphoma may show osteosclerotic and osteolytic CT patterns at diagnosis, during treatment, and after treatment. In most patients, CT studies do not become negative even 1 y after treatment. 67Ga scintigraphy, however, may be used as a predictor of long-term outcome in patients with lymphoma of the skeleton.

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