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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Laryngeal Cancer - April 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: April 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 10636746
AU - Chen RW; Avizienyte E; Roth S; Elivo I; Makitie AA; Aaltonen LM;
TI -
Aaltonen LA
PTEN and LKB1 genes in laryngeal tumours.
SO - J Med Genet 1999 Dec;36(12):943-4
2
UI - 11836682
AU - Li F; Kang N; Li Y; He G; Lin C; Sun X; Gao H; Sun K
TI -
[Homozygous deletion of p16 and p15 genes in laryngeal squamous cell
carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2002 Feb;19(1):30-2
AD - Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang,
Liaoning, 110001 P. R. China. Fucaili@hotmail.com
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of homozygous deletion status of
p16 (MTS1/INK4a/CDKN2A), p15(MTS2/INK4b/CDKN2B) genes and laryngeal
squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) progression. METHODS: DNA was extracted
from fresh tumors. Homozygous deletion of p16 exon 2(p16E2) in 80 cases
of LSCC and p15 exon 2(p15E2) in 67 cases of LSCC were detected by the
polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS: The p16E2 deletion rate in
80 cases was 12.5%(10/80); the p15E2 deletion rate in 67 cases was
11.94%(8/67); the p16E2 and p15E2 codeletion rate in 67 cases was
5.97%(4/67). CONCLUSION: Homozygous deletion of p16E2 and p15E2 is
related with LSCC oncogenesis, and it may play a role to some extent in
LSCC malignant progression.
3
UI - 11836691
AU - Zhang X; Wang L; Liu S; Ouyang X; Liang C
TI -
[The relationship of p53 gene mutation to cell differentiation and
metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2002 Feb;19(1):61-3
AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital,
Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 P. R. China. iooi@263.net
OBJECTIVE: To inquire about the relationship of p53 gene mutation to the
histopathological findings and clinical manifestation in cases of
laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC). METHODS: The fresh samples from
60 cases of LSCC were examined. Polymerase chain reaction and silver
staining-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA
direct sequencing were used to detect the mutation of p53 gene in exons
5-8. RESULTS: The mutation rates were 69.2% and 85.3% in patients at
clinical stage I-II and stage III-IV respectively (P>0.05). In the
well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated cell of LSCC, the mutation
rates were 52.9%, 83.3% and 94.7% respectively (P<0.05). The p53 gene
mutation rate of LSCC patients with neck lymph-node metastasis was
96.4%, whereas that of patients without neck lymph-node metastasis was
62.5% (P<0.05). Twenty samples showed positive results in SSCP; 19
samples showed deletion and mutation in codons 125-292 by DNA direct
sequencing. CONCLUSION: The mutation of p53 gene in exons 5-8 was
closely related to cell differentiation and the neck lymph-node
metastasis of LSCC, but it was not related to the clinical stages of the
LSCC cases.
4
UI - 11860646
AU - Apostolopoulos K; Samaan R; Labropoulou E
TI -
Experience with vertical partial laryngectomy with special reference to
laryngeal reconstruction with cervical fascia.
SO - J Laryngol Otol 2002 Jan;116(1):19-23
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, General State Hospital of Nikea Piraeus,
Greece. lapa@hol.gr
In this paper we report our experience of vertical partial laryngectomy
using the superficial cervical fascia; we describe the technique and
present the functional and oncological results of this method of
treatment. A total of 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
true vocal folds, in stage T(1) (n = 28) or T(2) (n = 14), were treated
in our department using vertical partial laryngectomy during the decade
1987-1997. Nine patients had post-operative radiotherapy. The shortest
follow-up time was three years. There were six recurrences in all, four
in the larynx and two in the neck. All four of the laryngeal recurrences
were treated with total laryngectomy and are doing well. Both the
patients with neck metastases, who were treated with neck dissection,
died. Permanent tracheotomy was necessary in one patient. There were no
problems with aspiration. The recurrence rate was 14 per cent, the
three-year survival index was 95.2 per cent and the three-year larynx
preservation index was 90 per cent. According to our experience,
vertical partial laryngectomy, using the method we describe, has a good
functional and oncological result for stage T(1) and T(2) tumours.
5
UI - 11908337
AU - Righini C; Mouret P; Wu D; Blanchet C; Reyt E
TI -
[Is hepatic ultrasonography necessary in the initial check-up of
patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and
digestive tract?]
SO - Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2001 Dec;118(6):359-64
AD - Service ORL, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble.
CRighini@chu-grenoble.fr
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of our study was to determine the
position and value of ultrasound scan of the liver in the initial
check-up of patients treated for a squamous cell carcinoma of the upper
respiratory and digestive tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study is
based on a retrospective review of 267 patients (249 males and 18
females) managed in the E.N.T. Department of Grenoble universitary
hospital from 1993 to 1995 for a upper respiratory and digestive tract
malignant tumor. No patient has been previously treated. The site of the
primary tumor was: the oropharynx (108 cases), the hypopharynx (88
cases), the oral cavity (44 cases), the larynx (20 cases), the
rhinopharynx (6 cases) and the cervical oesophagus (1 case). Endoscopic
procedure with biopsy was performed for all the patients. Histologic
examination revealed an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in all the
cases. The complete check up included a ultrasound scan of the liver and
a chest X-ray for all the patients. RESULTS: Ultrasound scan of the
liver revealed one or several metastases in 4 cases (1.5%). The primary
tumor was hypopharyngeal in 3 cases (2 stages III, 1 stage IV) and
oropharyngeal in 1 case (stage III). In three cases, carcinoma was
poorly differentiated. Ultrasound scan of the liver was doubtful for 8
patients (3%). The primary tumor was oropharyngeal in 6 cases (1 stage
I, 3 stages III, 2 stages IV), laryngeal in 1 case (stage III) and
hypopharyngeal in case (stage IV). In six cases carcinoma was well
differentiated. All the complementary examinations concluded to a benign
liver disease, with a mean diagnosis delay of 4 weeks for the 8
patients. The mean follow-up duration of the 8 patients was 22 months
(range 9 to 42 months). None presented any metastases during the follow
up. CONCLUSION: Our results compared with those of the literature
revealed that ultrasound scan of the liver is a few specific examination
which may be recommended for hypopharyngeal tumors, or for a large
cervical adenopathy (N2 or N3), a poor differentiated tumor wherever the
site of the primary tumor is.
6
UI - 11886348
AU - Kim MS; Sun DI; Park KH; Cho KJ; Park YH; Cho SH
TI -
Paraglottic space in supracricoid laryngectomy.
SO - Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Mar;128(3):304-7
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam St Mary's
Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 137-040.
entkms@cmc.cuk.ac.kr
BACKGROUND: Paraglottic space (PGS) is a connective tissue compartment
of the larynx and is important in the extension of laryngeal cancer. It
communicates with the preepiglottic space superiorly and with the
extralaryngeal region inferiorly through the gap within the cricothyroid
membrane. Transglottic cancer of the larynx, which spreads within PGS,
is characterized by a high incidence of laryngeal skeleton invasion and
of cervical metastasis. Determining the correct stage of transglottic
cancer of the larynx is difficult, leading to therapeutic failure of
partial laryngectomy in some cases. OBJECTIVE: To clinically confirm a
pathologically complete resection of PGS from the piriform sinus mucosa
by supracricoid partial laryngectomy in laryngeal cancers involving PGS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with transglottic cancer whose
cancer was confirmed clinically and pathologically at stages T2b or
higher underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy. During supracricoid
partial laryngectomy, we performed a sharp dissection of PGS from the
piriform sinus mucosa to obtain a complete resection margin while
preserving the piriform sinus mucosa. Microscopic evaluation of the
specimens was made for the invasion of PGS and the safe margin distance
from the piriform sinus mucosa. RESULTS: Pathological cancer invasion of
PGS was confirmed in 7 of 8 patients and a sufficient pathological
margin from tumor invasion to the piriform sinus mucosa was obtained.
The average safety margin was 10.3 mm. CONCLUSION: Supracricoid partial
laryngectomy could be considered a safe surgical modality for cancers
not extending to PGS.
7
UI - 11886352
AU - Taneja C; Allen H; Koness RJ; Radie-Keane K; Wanebo HJ
TI -
Changing patterns of failure of head and neck cancer.
SO - Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Mar;128(3):324-7
AD - Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, 825 Chalkstone
Ave, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
BACKGROUND: With the increased use of neoadjuvant therapy for advanced
stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, we have observed an
apparent change in the pattern of failure from predominantly
locoregional sites to distant metastases. We reviewed the patterns of
failure in cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx at our
institution during the last decade. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether
there has been a significant change in the patterns of recurrence from
the historical locoregional failure to distant sites, and whether this
change is associated with the increased use of multimodality therapy.
METHODS: We reviewed cancer registry data on patients with squamous cell
carcinoma of the head and neck diagnosed between January 1, 1988, and
December 31, 1999. Sites included the oral cavity and oropharynx
(including the tongue, floor of mouth, retromolar trigone, gingiva,
tonsil, and lip) and larynx. RESULTS: Among 432 patients with squamous
cell carcinoma of the head and neck, 280 (65%) had oral cavity and
oropharyngeal cancers, and 152 (35%) had laryngeal cancers. Overall, 19%
developed locoregional recurrence, and 8% developed distant failure.
Although locoregional failure for oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous
cell carcinoma decreased from 26% to 16% from 1988-1993 to 1994-1999,
distant failure increased significantly from 3% to 8%. During these
periods, multimodality therapy was used in 62% of oral cavity and
oropharyngeal cancers, and this rate remained essentially unchanged. For
laryngeal cancer, locoregional and distant failure remained stable at
18% and 9%, respectively. In these laryngeal cancers, the use of
multimodality therapy decreased from 60% to 46%, but this difference was
not statistically significant (P =.43). CONCLUSIONS: Although
locoregional control in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers has
improved significantly with the use of multimodality therapy, the
incidence of distant failure has doubled. In laryngeal squamous cell
carcinoma, the patterns of failure have not changed significantly.
8
UI - 11884787
AU - Stadler A; Kontrus M; Kornfehl J; Youssefzadeh S; Bankier AA
TI -
Tumor staging of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas with functional
spiral CT: comparison with nonfunctional CT, histopathology, and
microlaryngoscopy.
SO - J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002 Mar-Apr;26(2):279-84
AD - Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
alfred.stadler@univie.ac.at
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to compare nonfunctional and
functional spiral CT in the tumor (T) staging of laryngeal and
hypopharyngeal tumors and to correlate the CT results with
microlaryngoscopy and postoperative pathology. METHOD: Twenty-six
patients (3 women, 23 men) with clinically suspected laryngeal and
hypopharyngeal tumors underwent both nonfunctional CT during quiet
breathing and functional spiral CT during either a modified Valsalva (n
= 19) or E phonation (n = 7) maneuver. CT slice thickness was 3 mm,
table feed was 3 mm, and 40-80 ml of intravenous contrast material was
administered at a flow of 1.5 ml/s. T stages as determined by
nonfunctional and functional CT were compared and correlated with
postoperative pathology or microlaryngoscopy. RESULTS: The T stages
determined with functional CT were better correlated with postoperative
pathology (rS = 0.88, p = 0.001) and microlaryngoscopy (rS = 0.77, p =
0.008) than T stages determined with nonfunctional CT (rS = 0.80, p =
0.001; and rS = 0.51, p = 0.13, respectively). Twelve of 26 patients
(46%) had a lower T stage on functional than on nonfunctional CT. In 14
of 26 patients (54%), the T stage was identical with both modalities. In
no patients was the T stage increased by functional CT. CONCLUSION:
Functional CT appears to be more accurate than nonfunctional CT in the T
staging of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Functional CT also
results in lower T stages than nonfunctional CT in a substantial number
of patients.
9
UI - 11913679
AU - Laccourreye O; Veivers FD; Hans S; Brasnu FD; Garcia D; Laccourreye FL
TI -
Metachronous second primary cancers after successful partial
laryngectomy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal
cord.
SO - Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002 Mar;111(3 Pt 1):204-9
AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hopital
Europeen Georges Pompidou, University of Paris V, France.
The current retrospective studies documented the incidence, sites of
occurrence, risk factors, and outcome of metachronous second primary
cancers (MSPCs) among an inception cohort of 410 patients with invasive
squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cord successfully treated with
partial laryngectomy at a single institution. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial
life-table method was used to document the relationship between the
incidence of MSPCs and survival data. Univariate analysis was performed
for potential statistical relationships among the incidence of MSPCs,
the site of occurrence, and different variables. The overall incidence
of MSPCs was 23.9% (98/410). The 10-year actuarial survival estimate for
MSPCs was 20.4%.The incidence curve of MSPCs was linear, resulting in a
2%/y rate of development for MSPCs. In univariate analysis, the only
variable that demonstrated a statistical correlation with the incidence
of MSPCs was smoking, with MSPCs being statistically more likely to
occur in smokers than in nonsmokers (p = .04). The main sites of origin
for MSPCs were the lung (25.5% of cases), other non-upper aerodigestive
tract sites (32.7%), and the upper aerodigestive tract (41.8%). The
10-year actuarial estimates for MSPCs were 9.1% in the upper
aerodigestive tract, 7.1% in sites other than the lung or upper
aerodigestive tract, and 6.6% in the lung. The incidence curve for MSPCs
was linear, whatever the site of origin, resulting in 1 %/y, 0.7%/y, and
0.6%/y rates of development for MSPCs in the upper aerodigestive tract,
sites other than the lung or upper aerodigestive tract, and the lung,
respectively. Survival was statistically reduced when an MSPC developed;
the 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 76.8% in patients who did
not develop an MSPC and 43.7% in patients who developed an MSPC (p <
.0001). Overall, 68.4% of patients who developed an MSPC (67/98) died of
this disease. The 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 24% for lung
MSPCs, 43.7% for non-lung, non-upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs, and
63.4% for upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs.
10
UI - 11770144
AU - Al-Sebeih K; Manoukian J
TI -
Systemic steroids for the management of obstructive subglottic
hemangioma.
SO - J Otolaryngol 2000 Dec;29(6):361-6
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill
University, Quebec.
Subglottic hemangioma is a recognized cause of paediatric upper airway
obstruction. We present 14 patients with subglottic hemangioma treated
between 1984 and 1997,4 of whom had associated extralaryngeal
hemangiomatous lesions (28%). The degree of upper airway obstruction
ranged between 20% and 90%. Patients with subglottic hemangioma who had
obstruction of the laryngeal lumen more than 25% and those with
obstructive symptoms were treated with systemic steroids. The patients
were followed clinically, radiographically, and with repetitive
bronchoscopies. Nine of 10 patients (90%) have responded clinically to
systemic steroids. There were no major complications from the systemic
steroid treatment. One patient developed a cushingoid face that was
reversed after the cessation of steroid therapy. The purpose of this
study is to show that systemic steroids, with or without short-term
intubation after diagnostic bronchoscopy, can be used as a safe and
effective alternative in the management of obstructive paediatric
subglottic hemangiomas.
11
UI - 11770146
AU - Dobros W; Lackowska B; Rys J; Niezabitowski A; Stanisz-Wallis K;
TI -
Olszewski E; Modrzejewski M
DNA analysis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by flow cytometry: the
histoclinical factors and their significance.
SO - J Otolaryngol 2000 Dec;29(6):371-6
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonianian
University, Cracow, Poland.
In patients suffering from several types of malignant tumours, changes
in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content are usually associated with
poorer survival prognosis. In the present study, DNA content and
clinical and histopathologic features were analyzed in patients
suffering from laryngeal carcinoma, with a view to establishing the
crucial prognostic factors. In the 5-year follow-up study, flow
cytometry was used to analyze DNA content in the paraffin-embedded
samples of laryngeal carcinoma tissue obtained from 90 patients who had
undergone surgical treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology,
Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland, in 1987 and
1988. The group consisted of 59 and 31 patients with T3 and T4 tumours,
respectively. In each case, neck dissection was carried out either on
one or both sides. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in 26
patients. The disease-free 5-year survival rate was 55.6%. Among the
investigated cases, there were 14 aneuploid and 76 diploid tumours. The
treatment yielded the worst results, when the S-phase fraction (SPF) and
proliferative index (PI) were equal to or higher than 15.8% and 16.0%,
respectively. The values of SPF and PI index did not correlate, however,
with the frequency of regional metastases. Univariate analysis revealed
that tumour size (T stage), presence of lymph node metastases, age of
patients (< or = 60, > 60), tumour differentiation, tumour front grading
(<15 points, > or = 15), mode of infiltration, SPF, and PI were
positively correlated with the actual survival rate. Presence of lymph
node metastases (p = .0001) and the PI (p = .0067) were found to be the
only independent prognostic factors when the Cox multivariate analysis
was applied. The assessment of the PI by flow cytometry may effectively
facilitate the selection of patients recommended for a more aggressive
treatment.
12
UI - 11827585
AU - Mahlstedt K; Ussmuller J; Donath K
TI -
Malignant sialogenic tumours of the larynx.
SO - J Laryngol Otol 2002 Feb;116(2):119-22
AD - Department of Audiology and Phoniatry, University Hospital Benjamin
Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany. mahl@zedat.fu.berlin.de
Laryngeal manifestations of malignant sialogenic neoplasias are rare.
This paper documents the clinical features, treatment, biological
behaviour and prognosis of 15 cases of malignant sialogenic tumours of
the larynx that were reviewed in a retrospective clinical and
histopathological study. The 15 cases of malignant sialogenic tumours of
the larynx were diagnosed at the University Hospital, Eppendorf, over a
period of 33 years (1965-1998). Forty per cent were adenoid cystic
carcinomas, 33 per cent mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 27 per cent were
poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Local tumour resection, if
necessary in combination with bilateral neck dissection and
post-operative radiotherapy, was associated with a five-year survival
rate in 80 per cent of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases. Adenoid
cystic carcinoma was associated with a less favourable five-year
survival rate of 33 per cent. Low-differentiated adenocarcinomas were
associated with the least favourable prognosis with a five-year survival
rate (25 per cent). The prognosis for these tumours is thus poorer than
for squamous cell carcinomas with the same localization and TNM status.
13
UI - 11868319
AU - Kruk-Zagajewska A; Piatkowski K; Wojtowicz JG; Kozak W
TI -
[Value of estradiol, progesterone and cortisol binding globulin (CGB) in
patients with laryngeal cancer]
SO - Otolaryngol Pol 2001;55(5):477-82
AD - Katedra i Klinika Otolaryngologii AM im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
The unique feature of larynx cancer epidemiology is great discrepance
between men and women morbidity. This difference may be explained not
only by exposition to environmental factors but also to endogenous one,
i.e. sex hormone levels. In 67 patients operated for larynx cancer there
were simultaneously estimated the value of estradiol (E2), progesterone
(Pg) and cortisol binding globulin (CBG) in blood serum. The
radioimmunological assay (RIA) with specific antibodies and antigens
signed by J125 was used. Value of hormones and binding globulin were
examined by Spectria sets by Orion Diagnostica. The high value of
estradiol and CBG in blood serum was observed. In meaningful number of
patients we noted normal value of progesterone.
14
UI - 11868331
AU - Pabiszczak M; Banaszewski J; Szmeja Z; Szyfter K; Szyfter W
TI -
[Comparison of DNA adducts between oral, pharyngeal and larynx cancer]
SO - Otolaryngol Pol 2001;55(5):551-4
AD - Klinika Otolaryngologii Katedry Chorob Ucha, Nosa, Gardla i Krtani AM
im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
The results concerning examination of DNA adducts in oral (23 patients),
pharyngeal (23 patients) and larynx cancer (10 patients) subjects are
presented. DNA adduct levels were compared in respect to anatomical
structure (primary tumour location), number of cigarettes smoked, TNM
stage, and age of patients. DNA was isolated from removed tissue (tumour
and non-tumour surrounding tissue) using detergent/phenol extraction.
32P-postlabelling assay including nuclease P1-enhancement modification
was applied. Aromatic DNA adducts were found in all studied tissues.
Total DNA adduct levels (tumour and non-tumour tissues) was lowest in
larynx cancer, higher in oral cancer and highest in pharyngeal cancer.
There were no influence of age into formation of DNA adducts. The higher
level of DNA adducts was found in tumour tissue of oral cancer in the
group of smokers with metastasis into lymph nodes.
15
UI - 11868332
AU - Tomik J
TI -
[Effectiveness of surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer depends on
regional lymph node metastasis]
SO - Otolaryngol Pol 2001;55(5):557-8
AD - Katedra i Klinika Otolaryngologii CMUJ w Krakowie.
16
UI - 11920505
AU - Ranuncolo SM; Matos E; Loria D; Vilensky M; Rojo R; Bal de Kier Joffe E;
TI -
Ines Puricelli L
Circulating 92-kilodalton matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity is
enhanced in the euglobulin plasma fraction of head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma.
SO - Cancer 2002 Mar 1;94(5):1483-91
AD - Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo,
University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
BACKGROUND: Cancer lethality is usually the result of local invasion and
metastasis of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor. Because of their
ability to degrade extracellular matrix components (EMC), matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the breakdown of
basement membranes and underlying stroma, thereby facilitating tumor
growth and invasion. METHODS: The authors quantitated, by gelatin
zymography and densitometric analysis, MMP activity in the euglobulin
plasma fraction of 50 healthy controls and 91 head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (51 from the larynx and 40 from the
oropharynx). RESULTS: The median value for 92-kilodalton (kD) MMP
(MMP-9) activity was increased significantly in laryngeal (Md 2.1
arbitrary units (AU)/mL plasma; range, 0.2-6.4) and oropharyngeal
patients (Md 2.08 AU/mL; range, 0.0-5.0) with respect to the controls
(Md 0.48 AU/mL; range, 0.0-1.8). Both groups of cancer patients showed a
similar behavior. Multivariate analysis indicated that circulating 92-kD
MMP activity was not predicted by the clinical-pathologic parameters
such as tumor stage, histologic grade, and metastatic lymph nodes. There
was no association between high levels of MMP-9 activity and either
cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption, major risk factors for
developing HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found a significant increase
of MMP-9 plasma activity both in laryngeal and oropharyngeal squamous
cell carcinoma patients as compared with healthy controls. Further
studies are necessary to establish its usefulness in the clinical
management of these patients. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.
17
UI - 9328195
AU - Dosemeci M; Gokmen I; Unsal M; Hayes RB; Blair A
TI -
Tobacco, alcohol use, and risks of laryngeal and lung cancer by subsite
and histologic type in Turkey.
SO - Cancer Causes Control 1997 Sep;8(5):729-37
AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7364, USA.
Effects of tobacco smoking and alcohol use on risks of cancers of the
larynx and lung have been evaluated extensively in industrialized
countries. Few studies on the effect of these risk factors have been
reported from developing countries. We conducted a case-control study to
evaluate risks of laryngeal and lung cancers in men by subsite and cell
type in relation to smoking and alcohol drinking in Turkey, a country
where smoking and alcohol consumption patterns are different from those
in industrialized countries. We identified 832 laryngeal and 1,210 lung
cancer cases and 829 controls with information on smoking and alcohol
use (amount and duration) and histologic cell type from an oncology
treatment center of a Social Security Agency hospital in Istanbul,
Turkey, admitted between 1979 and 1984. Both laryngeal and lung cancer
showed significant associations with smoking and alcohol drinking, but
no monotonic dose-response was obtained for alcohol drinking. Among
smokers, the highest risks were observed in the supraglottis region of
the larynx (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1) after adjustment for age and alcohol
use. Among alcohol drinkers, the highest risks were observed in the
glottis region of the larynx (OR = 1.7) after adjustment for age and
smoking. In the analysis by the cell type of lung cancer among
ever-smokers, small cell type showed the highest risk (OR = 5.4), while
it showed no association with alcohol drinking. Cumulative cigarette use
(pack-years) and number of cigarettes per day showed stronger
associations than years smoked for both cancer sites. The relative risks
of joint exposure to smoking and alcohol were 12.2 for laryngeal cancer
and 14.1 for lung cancer among heavy smokers and heavy alcohol drinkers.
This study provides epidemiologic evidence from Turkey that smoking and
alcohol use are associated with risks of cancers of the larynx and lung.
18
UI - 11891957
AU - Coatesworth AP; MacLennan K
TI -
Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: the prevalence
of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits in the
clinically N0 neck.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Mar;24(3):258-61
AD - Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leeds General
Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
BACKGROUND: With squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive
tract the presence or absence of neck metastases is the most important
prognostic factor. This makes the histopathologic assessment of neck
dissections of paramount importance. With the clinically N0 neck the
prevalence of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits
has not previously been described. METHODS: We have prospectively
analyzed 96 elective neck dissections in 63 patients with upper
aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 necks to
assess the prevalence of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft
tissue deposits. The dissections were separated peroperatively into
nodal levels; these were sectioned at 6-microm sections and stained with
H & E. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (30.2%) were upstaged to pN+ve. Twelve
of these had microscopic extracapsular spread, which was 19.0% of the
clinically N0 necks and 63.2% of the pN+ve. Five had soft tissue
deposits, which was 7.9% of the clinically N0 necks. Fourteen patients
had microscopic extracapsular spread and/or soft tissue deposits, which
represented 22.2% of all necks examined and 73.7% of the pN+ve necks.
CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits
have a high prevalence in patients with clinically N0 necks.
Extracapsular spread can occur at an early stage in metastasis from
upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma. Soft tissue deposits
can also occur at an early stage. Soft tissue deposits may occur by the
same process as lymph node metastasis with total effacement of the lymph
node or may occur by some other process such as lymphatic tumor
embolization. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
19
UI - 11891958
AU - Cooley ML; Hoffman HT; Robinson RA
TI -
Discrepancies in frozen section mucosal margin tissue in laryngeal
squamous cell carcinoma.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Mar;24(3):262-7
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200
Hawkins Drive 5232 RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1009, USA.
BACKGROUND: Head and neck surgeons commonly request frozen sections.
Practice patterns vary from laboratory to laboratory on how the tissue
is used in performing the frozen section. Some pathologists wish to see
all the material submitted by consuming it completely during frozen
section, whereas others reserve some for permanent section. We wished to
determine whether knowledge of margin status was initially inaccurate
because of reserving tissue for permanent section. METHODS: Sixty-five
laryngectomies (total and partial) with margin assessment enhanced by
frozen section evaluation were studied. Forty-five laryngectomy
specimens, generating 249 frozen sections in which a permanent section
was prepared from tissue remaining from frozen section examination, were
studied. RESULTS: Five of the 249 frozen sections contained a
discrepancy between the frozen section and permanent section because of
insufficient leveling of the frozen section block. These five
discrepancies were called negative on frozen section, but permanent
section revealed dysplasia (two cases of mild dysplasia, one case with
moderate dysplasia, and one case with severe dysplasia) or carcinoma in
situ (one case). Twenty laryngectomies in which the frozen section
tissue was consumed at the time of frozen section generated 103 frozen
sections. In eight of the frozen sections involving six cases, the
diagnostic tissue was not present on one or two of the frozen section
levels examined. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in examining margins for
laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma the frozen section tissue should be
completely sampled by examining several levels at the time of frozen
section. This requires consuming or exhausting the frozen section tissue
rather than reserving any remaining frozen tissue for a
paraffin-embedded permanent section. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
20
UI - 11821768
AU - Imauchi Y; Ito K; Takasago E; Nibu K; Sugasawa M; Ichimura K
TI -
Stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma
of the larynx.
SO - Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Jan;126(1):63-6
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of
Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. yimauchi-tky@umin.ac.jp
OBJECTIVE: Stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy is one of the most
serious issues in the management of laryngeal carcinoma. The management
of stomal recurrence, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery,
has been reported as unsatisfactory. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: From 1985
to 1995, 69 patients underwent total laryngectomy for the treatment of
laryngeal cancer at the University of Tokyo Hospital. To identify the
risk factors for stomal recurrence, we analyzed these patients according
to various clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Stomal recurrence
developed in 6 of 69 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for
laryngeal carcinoma. Statistical analysis reveals that primary site,
preoperative tracheotomy, and paratracheal lymph node metastasis are
significant risk factors for stomal recurrence. CONCLUSION: Intensive
follow-up should be performed for patients with glottic carcinoma who
had preoperative tracheotomy, paratracheal lymph node metastasis, or
both to detect stomal recurrence at an early stage.
21
UI - 11936307
AU - Stewart BW; Semmler PC
TI -
Sharp v Port Kembla RSL Club: establishing causation of laryngeal cancer
by environmental tobacco smoke.
SO - Med J Aust 2002 Feb 4;176(3):113-6
AD - South East Sydney Public Health Unit, Randwick, NSW.
stewartb@sesahs.nsw.gov.au
A New South Wales Supreme Court jury has decided that environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS) can cause or materially contribute to the
development of laryngeal cancer. Evidence presented that ETS may cause
or materially contribute to laryngeal cancer included the molecular
genetics of tobacco-smoke-induced carcinogenesis, and two relevant
epidemiological studies. The plaintiff's exposure to ETS was established
indirectly, on the basis of occupational history involving work as a bar
attendant in licensed premises. The jury's decision seems likely to
encourage other "passive smoking" cases, and may result in measures to
reduce occupational exposure to ETS.
22
UI - 11920651
AU - Rajaee-Behbahani N; Schmezer P; Ramroth H; Burkle A; Bartsch H; Dietz A;
TI -
Becher H
Reduced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in lymphocytes of laryngeal cancer
patients: results of a case-control study.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Apr 10;98(5):780-4
AD - Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches
Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a nuclear enzyme that is
catalytically activated by DNA strand breaks, plays a complex role in
DNA repair. Using NAD(+) as a precursor, it catalyzes the formation of
ADP-ribose polymers, which are attached to various proteins. Defects in
DNA repair pathways have been associated with increased risks for cancer
in humans. We investigated whether differences in the activity of PARP
are associated with the risk for laryngeal cancer. In a case-control
study on genetic, lifestyle and occupational risk factors for laryngeal
cancer, PARP activity was assessed as DNA damage-induced
poly(ADP-ribose) formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by
quantitative immunofluorescence analysis. Polymer formation was
determined as the cellular response to bleomycin, a well-known inducer
of DNA strand breaks, in lymphocytes from 69 laryngeal cancer patients
and 125 healthy controls. The frequency of bleomycin-induced polymer
formation, measured as mean pixel intensity, was significantly lower in
cases (74.6, SE = 3.7) than in controls (94.5, SE = 3.5) and not
influenced by smoking, age or sex. There was no significant difference
between cases (59.1, SE = 5.2) and controls (50.5, SE = 3.7) in basal
polymer formation (in cells not treated with bleomycin). When the
highest tertile of polymer formation was used as the reference, the odds
ratio for the lowest tertile of bleomycin-induced polymer formation was
3.79 (95% confidence interval 1.37-10.47, p = 0.01). Peripheral blood
lymphocytes from laryngeal cancer patients thus showed significantly
less bleomycin-induced poly(ADP-ribose) formation. Our results suggest
that a reduced capacity of somatic cells to synthesize poly(ADP-ribose)
might be associated with an increased risk for laryngeal cancer. The
underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. Copyright 2002
Wiley-Liss, Inc.
23
UI - 8625044
AU - Russo A; Bazan V; Gebbia N; Pizzolanti G; Tumminello FM; Dardanoni G;
TI -
Ingria F; Restivo S; Tomasino RM; Leto G
Flow cytometric DNA analysis and lysosomal cathepsins B and L in locally
advanced laryngeal cancer. Relationship with clinicopathologic
parameters and prognostic significance.
SO - Cancer 1995 Nov 15;76(10):1757-64
AD - Institute of Otorhinolaringology B, School of Medicine, University of
Palermo, Italy.
BACKGROUND. The traditional factors of locally advanced laryngeal
squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have limited predictive value for the
identification of high risk patients. Therefore, it is extremely
important to define prognostic factors that identify the more aggressive
types. Reliable and reproducible prognostic indicators are being
investigated to help clinicians identify high risk groups and address
more rational treatment. METHODS. Flow cytometric DNA ploidy and S-phase
fraction (SPF) measurements were performed on frozen tumor tissues from
a consecutive series of 71 patients with Stage III and IV LSCC.
Lysosomal cathepsin B and L activity levels were determined
biochemically in matched paired sets of tumor tissue and normal mucosa
samples. RESULTS. By univariate analysis, lymph node positivity, poor
histologic differentiation, DNA aneuploidy, high SPF, and high
tumor/mucosa ratio of cathepsin B activity were significantly related to
risk of relapse, whereas only DNA aneuploidy and high SPF proved to be
significantly related to risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed
that high histologic grade and high SPF values (> 15.1%) were
independent prognostic factors related to risk of relapse (relative risk
[RR] = 3.54; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1.05-12.0; and RR = 4.22; CL =
1.54-11.6, respectively), whereas only high SPF was related to risk of
death (RR = 3.63; CL = 1.17-11.3). CONCLUSIONS. S-phase fraction is an
independent predictor of relapse free and overall survival in patients
with locally advanced LSCC. On the basis of these findings, SPF should
be used in addition to other established prognostic factors to refine
the prognostic assessment of these patients further. More studies are
needed for a better evaluation of the prognostic significance of DNA
ploidy and that of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in these tumors.
24
UI - 11299783
AU - Osmak M; Svetic B; Gabrijelcic-Geiger D; Skrk J
TI -
Drug-resistant human laryngeal carcinoma cells have increased levels of
cathepsin B.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Jan-Feb;21(1A):481-3
AD - Department of Molecular Genetics, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. osmak@rudjer.irb.hr
In our previous work we showed that the drug-resistance of cervical
carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma and glioblastoma cells may be accompanied
by increased levels of tumor markers for invasion and metastasis (i.e.
urokinase-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor
type 1, and/or cathepsin D). In the present study we examined the
concentration of cathepsins B, L and H in three drug-resistant clones
isolated from human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2). The basal levels of
cathepsins B, L and H were determined by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent
assay (ELISA). Our results showed that all three clones had an increased
level of cathepsin B (in two clones an almost 4-fold increase was
determined). The level of cathepsin L was altered (increased) only in
VK2 clone, while the levels of cathepsin H were similar in parental
cells and drug-resistant clones. Thus, our results suggest that
drug-resistance may be accompanied by an increased level of cathepsin B,
i.e. tumor associated protease, involved in invasion and metastasis.
25
UI - 11911285
AU - Luzar B; Poljak M; Marin I J; Fischinger J; Gale N
TI -
Quantitative measurement of telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) mRNA in
laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):4011-5
AD - Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Ljubljana,
Slovenia. luzar@mf.uni-lj.si
We tested 30 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) and 30 matched
control laryngeal samples from the same patients for the presence of
human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) mRNA by using the Roche
LightCycler Telo TAGGG hTERT Quantification kit. The hTERT index was
calculated to express the relative quantity levels of hTERT mRNA. hTERT
mRNA was detectable in 10 out of 30 (33%) laryngeal tissues covered by
normal and/or reactively hyperplastic laryngeal epithelium and 23 out of
30 LSCCs (77%). The mean hTERT indices were 0.15 for control
non-cancerous laryngeal samples, 0.57 for grade I, 2.35 for grade II and
3.72 for grade III LSCCs. LSCCs without detectable hTERT mRNA (23%)
tended to have lower grades of disease. No correlation was found between
the levels of hTERT mRNA and tumour size or locoregional lymph node
status. We believe that hTERT mRNA in normal and/or reactively
hyperplastic laryngeal epithelium originates from the stem cells and
corresponds to the self-renewal capacity of the squamous epithelium.
However, the greater quantity of h TERT mRNA in LSCCs is the result of
telomerase reactivation in the process of laryngeal carcinogenesis.
26
UI - 11911316
AU - Virtaniemi J A; Hirvikoski P P; Kumpulainen E J; Johansson R T; Kosma V
TI -
M
Surgical management of irradiation failures in T1-T2 squamous cell
carcinoma of the glottic larynx.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):4185-8
AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Kuopio and Kuopio
University Hospital, Finland.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of
salvage surgery after failure of irradiation to control the primary
T1-T2 glottic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with
T1 and T2 squamous cell cancer of the glottic larynx were treated with
curative intent by radiotherapy. The tumour recurred in 22 of the 98
(22%) patients. Surgical management consisted of total and frontolateral
laryngectomy. Survival rates were calculated from the date of the
salvage operation. RESULTS: Two of the 22 patients refused to undergo
salvage surgery and one patient had pulmonary metastasis. Of the 19
patients who underwent salvage surgery, 14 (74%) had total laryngectomy
and 5 (26%) had frontolateral laryngectomy. The operations were curative
in 15 (79%) of the 19 patients. The overall 5-year survival rate after
surgery was 78%. CONCLUSION: Stringent follow-up of patients with
irradiated T1 and T2 glottic laryngeal cancer is essential to permit a
successful salvage.
27
UI - 11767474
AU - Enin IP; Zaets VN; Iagoda NL; Karpov VP; Sivovolova NA; Morenko VM
TI -
[Immediate short- and long-term results of rehabilitation of children
with laryngeal papillomatosis]
SO - Vestn Otorinolaringol 2001;(6):33-7
The authors review their 30-year experience with rehabilitation of
children with laryngeal papillomatosis. A total of 212 patients at the
age from 9 months to 15 years have been treated. Immediate, short- and
long-term results of different combined surgical and conservative
treatments are compared. The authors hold that the papillomatous tissue
should be eliminated completely, therefore, during surgery under
anesthesia endolaryngeal removal of the papillomas should be combined
with monopolar coagulation of their residual tissues. The combined
surgery should be immediately followed by etiopathogenetic conservative
treatment. The highest effect was achieved with autoserum administration
according to the scheme. In combined rehabilitation of such children
local etiopathogenetic treatment is preferable.
28
UI - 11926913
AU - Guler G; Sarac S; Uner A; Karabulut E; Ayhan A; Hiroshi O
TI -
Prognostic value of CD44 variant 6 in laryngeal epidermoid carcinomas.
SO - Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 Apr;128(4):393-7
AD - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University,
Ankara, Turkey.
BACKGROUND: CD44 variant exon 6 (v6) belongs to a family of
transmembrane glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. OBJECTIVES: To
determine the prognostic role of CD44v6 in laryngeal cancer and to
examine its relation with other clinicopathologic prognostic factors.
DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was designed with 93 laryngeal
cancer cases. They were selected randomly from patients treated with
laryngectomy between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 1993. SETTING:
Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. PATIENTS: The
ages of the patients ranged from 31 to 73 years. Eighty-eight patients
were men and 5 were women. Three had stage I, 33 had stage II, 27 had
stage III, and 30 had stage IV disease at the time of surgery.
INTERVENTION: Histological sections of tumors and metastatic lymph nodes
were reevaluated for several histopathological factors. Sections were
stained using anti-CD44v6 monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemical
methods. RESULTS: CD44v6 expression was seen only in the lower one third
of the normal squamous epithelium but in all layers of dysplasia and in
situ carcinoma. Besides a general evaluation of tumor staining,
immunostaining was evaluated separately for cell groups located in the
center of neoplastic islands (nonbasal cells), at the periphery of the
neoplastic islands (basal cells), and at the infiltration zones
(marginal cells). Decreased disease-free survival was noted when there
was extensive staining in the general evaluation and in cases with
extensive staining in marginal and nonbasal cells (P =.03). Using Cox
regression analysis, the greatest dimension of the largest metastatic
lymph node and extensive expression of CD44v6 in nonbasal tumor cells
were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest
that CD44v6 expression is an important prognostic factor in laryngeal
cancer.
29
UI - 11893260
AU - Holland JM; Arsanjani A; Liem BJ; Hoffelt SC; Cohen JI; Stevens KR Jr
TI -
Second malignancies in early stage laryngeal carcinoma patients treated
with radiotherapy.
SO - J Laryngol Otol 2002 Mar;116(3):190-3
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University,
Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA. hollanjo@ohsu.edu
A retrospective review of 240 patients with T1/T2 squamous cell
carcinomas of the larynx was performed. Seventy-two per cent had glottic
primaries, 27 per cent had supraglottic tumours and one per cent had
subglottic disease. Sixty-nine per cent presented with T1 disease and 31
per cent had T2 staged tumours. All patients were treated with
definitive radiotherapy between 1973 and 1997. With a median follow-up
of 68 months, 68 patients (28 per cent) have developed 72 other cancers.
Ten of 68 presented with synchronous primaries (15 per cent). Thirty per
cent of glottic patients and 25 per cent of the supraglottic/subglottic
patients developed second cancers. The most frequent second malignancy
was lung cancer: 28/72 (39 per cent). Fifteen patients developed second
head and neck cancers (21 per cent). Other second primary sites included
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