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NCI CANCERLIT^® Search: AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma - May 2002

National Cancer Institute^®
Last Modified: May 1, 2002

Virologic and immunologic parameters that predict clinical response of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma to highly active antiretroviral

Minimum standard of care defined for HIV patients with cancer.

Antitumor activity of oral 9-cis-retinoic acid in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.

Table of Contents

1
UI - 11676823
AU - Pellet C; Chevret S; Blum L; Gauville C; Hurault M; Blanchard G;
TI - Agbalika F; Lascoux C; Ponscarme D; Morel P; Calvo F; Lebbe C Virologic and immunologic parameters that predict clinical response of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma to highly active antiretroviral therapy.
SO - J Invest Dermatol 2001 Oct;117(4):858-63
AD - Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
The purpose of the work was to assess the predictive value of biologic factors on the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Twenty-six AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma patients who started therapy with protease inhibitors were investigated. No baseline chemotherapy was associated with less severe initial clinical status. Median follow-up was 652 d. The main outcome measures were as follows: best Kaposi's sarcoma clinical response; Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesviral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (non-detectable if less than 100 copies per microg); human immunodeficiency viral charge in plasma (non-detectable if less than 200 copies per ml); and CD4 lymphocyte count. Time to undetectable Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesviral load, time to undetectable human immunodeficiency viral charge, and time to CD4 >or= 150 per microl were also recorded over time, from 2 mo measurements. Patients were staged according to the AIDS Clinical Trials Group-based tumor, immune, systemic staging system criteria. At baseline, Kaposi's sarcoma was progressive for 25 (96%) of the 26 enrolled patients. Complete or partial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy was achieved in 22 patients (85%). Median time to clinical response was estimated at 251 d. Clinical response was faster in patients without chemotherapy at baseline (p = 0.003) as well as in patients not previously treated with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p = 0.0012). Using univariable analyses, predictive factors of clinical response were undetectable Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesviremia (p = 0.013), undetectable human immunodeficiency viremia (p = 0.03), and relative variation of CD4 lymphocytes (p = 0.004). Using multivariable analysis, undetectable Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesviremia (p = 0.009) and relative variation of CD4 (p = 0.005) were independently selected as having a predictive value for clinical response. Occurrence of nondetection of either Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human immunodeficiency virus was not associated with baseline CD4 value. Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus quantitative viral charge is an independent predictive factor of the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy on AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma. Our results support immune reconstitution as a mechanism of response of Kaposi's sarcoma to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

2
UI - 11953804
AU - Anonymous
TI - Minimum standard of care defined for HIV patients with cancer.
SO - Bull World Health Organ 2002;80(2):176

3
UI - 11834954
AU - Miles SA; Dezube BJ; Lee JY; Krown SE; Fletcher MA; Saville MW; Kaplan
TI - L; Groopman J; Scadden DT; Cooley T; Von Roenn J; Friedman-Kien A; AIDS Malignancy Consortium Antitumor activity of oral 9-cis-retinoic acid in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - AIDS 2002 Feb 15;16(3):421-9
AD - AIDS Malignancy Consortium Operations Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2001 Third Avenue South, Room 1078, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy, safety and tolerance of oral 9-cis-retinoic acid in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma were enrolled at 14 centers; 60 received the study medication and were analyzed and, of these, 45 (75%) had received prior therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma. Once daily oral 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin, Panretin) was administered at doses up to 140 mg/m2. Most patients (72%) received a maximum dose of 100 mg/m2. Response was assessed using AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) criteria. RESULTS: The median age was 38 years and the median absolute CD4 cell count was 194 x 10(6) cells/l (range 6-784 x 10(6)). Despite the use of three- and four-drug antiviral regimens (83%), the median HIV RNA at baseline was 8701 copies/ml [range < 500 (lower limit of detection) to 4.24 x 10(6)]. The tumor response rate was 37% (95% confidence interval 25-49). Tumor response was associated with improved quality-of-life measures. There was a significant increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels from baseline to week 4. Responders had significantly lower baseline soluble IL-6 receptor levels (P = 0.029) than non-responders. The median time to response was 9 weeks (mean, 13 weeks; range, 4-36). HIV RNA levels did not change significantly during therapy nor did they correlate with tumor responses. Study drug was discontinued by 28 patients for adverse events, which included headache (13) and skin toxicity (10). CONCLUSION: Oral 9-cis-retinoic acid is an active antitumor drug for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Treatment is associated with skin and constitutional toxicity and further studies are needed to improve its long-term tolerance.

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