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Cancer Types / Endocrine System Cancers / Parathyroid Cancer / NCI Resources

NCI CANCERLIT^® Search: Parathyroid Cancer - May 2002

National Cancer Institute^®
Last Modified: May 1, 2002

[Diagnostic strategy in persistent hyperparathyroidism. Report of two cases and review of the literature]

Oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.

Clinical review 122: Parathyroid carcinoma.

Comment on "Clinical review 122: Parathyroid carcinoma".

Alterations in the suppressor gene PPP2R1B in parathyroid hyperplasias and adenomas.

Primary hyperparathyroidism in MEN 1--how radical should surgery be?

The elevated serum alkaline phosphatase--the chase that led to two endocrinopathies and one possible unifying diagnosis.

[Primary juvenile hyperparathyroidism. Report of 24 cases]

Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D1 and beta-catenin, and mutational analysis of exon 3 of beta-catenin gene in parathyroid adenomas.

Long-term follow-up of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism treated by resection of a single or double adenoma.

Table of Contents

1
UI - 11937978
AU - Morbois-Trabut L; Saad N; Gervaise N; Legmann P; Lecomte P
TI - [Diagnostic strategy in persistent hyperparathyroidism. Report of two cases and review of the literature]
SO - Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2002 Feb;63(1):18-22
AD - Clinique Medicale B, Hopital Bretonneau - CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex 1, France.
Ectopic adenoma is the main cause of surgery failure in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Localization of the abnormal glands is therefore necessary before a reoperation. We report two cases illustrating the interest of MRI and selective venous sampling of parathormone. In two patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism, ultrasound and sestamibi scanning failed to localize the ectopic glands. MRI suggested the presence of an adenoma in the mediastinum for the first patient and inside the thyroid for the second. In both cases, the localisation was confirmed by venous sampling and the reoperation was a success. We review the recent literature on this topic and we propose a diagnostic approach of persistent HPT.

2
UI - 11859206
AU - Erickson LA; Jin L; Papotti M; Lloyd RV
TI - Oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.
SO - Am J Surg Pathol 2002 Mar;26(3):344-9
AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas are uncommon neoplasms, and the clinicopathologic features of these tumors are largely unknown. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features of oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas and the expression of cytokeratin 14 (CK14), the high-affinity glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4), as well as the cell cycle proteins p27 and Ki67 and compared these with oxyphil parathyroid adenomas and chief cell parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues from primary (n = 6) and recurrent (n = 4) oxyphil carcinomas were analyzed and compared with chief cell parathyroid carcinomas (n = 12), oxyphil parathyroid adenomas (n = 38), and chief cell parathyroid adenomas (n = 17) by immunohistochemistry for CK14, Glut-4, p27, and Ki67 using the avidin-biotin peroxidase system. Patients with primary oxyphil and chief cell carcinoma presented with high levels of serum calcium (n = 15.5 and 13.7 mg/dL, respectively). Approximately half the patients in each group died of disease. The Ki67 labeling index was higher (4.9 vs 1.9) and the p27 index lower (23 vs 66) in primary oxyphil carcinoma compared with primary oxyphil adenomas. CK14 was expressed in most oxyphil adenomas (35 of 38 cases) but not in oxyphil carcinomas (0 of 10 cases). Glut-4 was more commonly expressed in both groups of adenomas compared with carcinomas. These results show that oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas are functional malignancies similar to chief cell carcinomas and are associated with hypercalcemia, recurrence, and death. Expression of CK14 is very different in oxyphil adenomas compared with carcinomas. Although distinction between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas can only be made by histopathologic and clinical findings, these results suggest that immunostaining for CK14, p27, and Ki67 may provide additional information to help distinguish between difficult cases of parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas. These findings also indicate that the same histopathologic features should be used to diagnose oxyphil and chief cell parathyroid carcinomas.

3
UI - 11157996
AU - Shane E
TI - Clinical review 122: Parathyroid carcinoma.
SO - J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 Feb;86(2):485-93
AD - Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.

4
UI - 11600598
AU - Yamamoto T; Matsumura A
TI - Comment on "Clinical review 122: Parathyroid carcinoma".
SO - J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 Oct;86(10):5091

5
UI - 11996789
AU - Hemmer S; Wasenius VM; Haglund C; Zhu Y; Knuutila S; Franssila K;
TI - Joensuu H Alterations in the suppressor gene PPP2R1B in parathyroid hyperplasias and adenomas.
SO - Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2002 Apr 1;134(1):13-7
AD - Department of Oncology, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 180, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Deletion of chromosome 11q23 is a common alteration in parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias. A new potential suppressor gene PPP2R1B encoding the beta isoform of the A subunit of the serine/threorine protein phosphatase 2A was recently identified and localized to chromosome 11q23. We performed polymerase chain reaction-based single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing on six parathyroid hyperplasias and 12 adenomas to evaluate the role of PPP2R1B in the pathogenesis of parathyroid lesions. A previously identified germline G-A transition (GGC-GAC) in codon 90, changing glycine (Gly) to aspartic acid (Asp), was detected in one adenoma. Both the common Gly allele and the variant Asp allele were detected by direct sequencing in the patient's somatic cells. We conclude mutations of PPP2R1B are not frequent in parathyroid lesions, and that other genes located at 11q23 may be more closely associated with pathogenesis of parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma.

6
UI - 11914930
AU - Hubbard JG; Sebag F; Maweja S; Henry JF
TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism in MEN 1--how radical should surgery be?
SO - Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002 Mar;386(8):553-7
AD - Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital La Timone, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseilles Cedex 5, France.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common manifestation of MEN 1 syndrome. The management of these patients is complex due to the underlying disease process, which predisposes patients to persistent and recurrent disease. The surgical treatment of patients with MEN 1 and hyperparathyroidism can therefore be considered to be palliative in nature. The basic principles of surgery include (1) obtaining and maintaining normocalcaemia for the longest time possible, avoiding persistent/recurrent hypercalcaemia, (2) avoiding surgically induced hypocalcaemia, and (3) facilitating future surgery for recurrent disease. Two approaches have been described as the best practice for patients with hyperparathyroidism in MEN 1: subtotal parathyroidectomy, leaving a remnant of no more than 60 mg in the neck, and total parathyroidectomy with immediate autotransplantation of 10-20 1 mm(3) pieces of parathyroid tissue. Both approaches should be combined with efforts to exclude supernumerary glands and ectopic parathyroid tissue by including resection of fatty tissue from the central neck compartment and thymectomy in all patients. Cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue should be performed whenever facilities are available. In patients with persistent or recurrent disease, an attempt to obtain total elimination of cervical parathyroid tissue is justified, combined with cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue. As radical as surgery is for hyperparathyroidism in MEN 1, the surgeon must take steps to avoid permanent hypoparathyroidism, which in young patients may be worse than the disease itself.

7
UI - 10069658
AU - Li-Fern H; Rajasoorya C
TI - The elevated serum alkaline phosphatase--the chase that led to two endocrinopathies and one possible unifying diagnosis.
SO - Eur J Endocrinol 1999 Feb;140(2):143-7
AD - Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.
A 39-year-old Chinese man with hypertension being evaluated for elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels was found to have an incidental right adrenal mass. The radiological features were characteristic of a large adrenal myelolipoma. This mass was resected and the diagnosis confirmed pathologically. His blood pressure normalised after removal of the myelolipoma, suggesting that the frequently observed association between myelolipomas and hypertension may not be entirely coincidental. Persistent elevation of the SAP levels and the discovery of hypercalcaemia after surgery led to further investigations which confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. The patient's serum biochemistry normalised after removal of the adenoma. The association of adrenal myelolipoma with primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported in the literature only once previously. Although unconfirmed by genetic studies this association may possibly represent an unusual variation of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome.

8
UI - 11980300
AU - Monneuse O; Causeret S; Lifante JC; Berger N; Lapras V; Peix JL
TI - [Primary juvenile hyperparathyroidism. Report of 24 cases]
SO - Ann Chir 2002 Apr;127(4):276-80
AD - Service de chirurgie, hopital de l'Antiquaille, 69321 Lyon, France.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Primary hyperparathyroidism usually affects elderly patients. Juvenile primary hyperparathyroidism is rare, and raises diagnostic and prognostic problems. The aim of this retrospective study on 24 patients is to establish clinical, histological, and therapeutic features of juvenile primary hyperparathyroidism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 673 patients were treated for primary hyperparathyroidism in our department. Twenty four patients were younger than 30 years old (3.5%). There were 14 women and 10 men. Mean age was 23 year (14-30). Clinical manifestations, pathologics findings and postoperative results were studied. RESULTS: Sixteen patients presented a sporadic form of primary hyperparathyroidism with a single adenoma. Clinical manifestations were renal symptoms in 11 cases and acute hypercalcemia syndrome in 2 cases. Seven patients had a NEM I syndrome: parathyroid lesions were 6 hyperplasia and one adenoma. A 27 years old woman presented a recurrent familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. She was operated on 10 years before and at reoperation parathyroid carcinoma was found. Nineteen patients were cured after a post operative follow up ranging from 3 to 168 months. One patient had an asymptomatic hypercalcemia recurrence. Two patients presented permanent hypoparathyroidism treated with calcitriol and calcium. CONCLUSION: Sporadic forms represent majority of cases of juvenile hyperparathyroidism. Renal manifestations are usual. Nevertheless, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 has to be evocated.

9
UI - 11836555
AU - Ikeda S; Ishizaki Y; Shimizu Y; Fujimori M; Ojima Y; Okajima M; Sugino
TI - K; Asahara T Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D1 and beta-catenin, and mutational analysis of exon 3 of beta-catenin gene in parathyroid adenomas.
SO - Int J Oncol 2002 Mar;20(3):463-6
AD - Second Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. sikeda@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Parathyroid adenomas are benign uniglandular tumors and are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Several genetic changes in parathyroid tumors, including inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes and loss of heterozygosity at several chromosomal loci, have been reported. In this study, we analyzed the status of cyclin D1 and beta-catenin in 24 cases of parathyroid adenoma. Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D1 showed positive staining in 9 (37.5%) of the 24 parathyroid adenomas. The status of beta-catenin, which has recently been identified as a regulator of cyclin D1 transcription, was examined by direct sequencing of exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene and immunohistochemistry of beta-catenin protein, but neither mutation nor accumulation of beta-catenin was detected in any of the cases. These results indicate that cyclin D1 is frequently accumulated in parathyroid adenomas, independently of dysfunction in the Wnt signaling pathway.

10
UI - 11981213
AU - Nichol PF; Starling JR; Mack E; Klovning JJ; Becker BN; Chen H
TI - Long-term follow-up of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism treated by resection of a single or double adenoma.
SO - Ann Surg 2002 May;235(5):673-8; discussion 678-80
AD - Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to single- or two-gland disease undergoing limited resection have similar long-term outcomes compared with patients with hyperplasia undergoing subtotal or total parathyroidectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs in less than 2% of patients after renal transplantation. Approximately 30% of these cases are caused by one or two hyperfunctioning glands. Nevertheless, the standard operation for this disease has been subtotal or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. METHODS: Seventy-one patients underwent surgery for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. At the time of surgery, 19 patients who had a single or double adenoma underwent limited resection of the enlarged glands only (adenoma group). The remaining 52 patients with three- or four-gland hyperplasia had subtotal or total parathyroidectomy with implantation (hyper group). Long-term cure rates between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: In the adenoma group, 7 patients had a single adenoma and 12 underwent resection of a double adenoma. In the hyper group, 49 patients had subtotal and 3 had total parathyroidectomies. After surgery, 70 of 71 patients (99%) were cured of their hypercalcemia. The incidence of postoperative transient hypocalcemia was significantly higher in the hyper group (27% vs. 5%). No patients in either group had permanent hypocalcemia requiring long-term supplementation. With up to 16 years of follow-up, there have been no recurrences in the adenoma group, whereas three patients (6%) in the hyper group have had recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism who underwent limited resection of a single or double adenoma only had equivalent long-term cure rates compared with patients undergoing more extensive resections. Therefore, the authors recommend in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and enlargement of only one or two parathyroid glands that the resection be limited to these abnormal glands only.

The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.

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