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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Testicular Cancer - May 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: May 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11980083
AU - Guiney M; Buckley C; Radford N; Joyce G
TI -
A case of seminoma-associated orbitopathy.
SO - Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1995 Nov;23(4):335-7
AD - East Melbourne Radiation Oncology Centre, 132 Grey Street, East
Melbourne 3002, Victoria.
2
UI - 10604362
AU - Di Stasi SM; Poggi A; Giannantoni A; Zampa G
TI -
Dermatomyositis associated with testicular germ cell cancer.
SO - J Urol 2000 Jan;163(1):240
AD - Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Unita Funzionale di Oncologia Clinica,
Policlinico Umberto I, Ospedale di Riabilitazione IRCCS S. Lucia, Rome,
Italy.
3
UI - 11061917
AU - von Heyden B; Kliesch S; Nashan D
TI -
Re: Dermatomyositis associated with testicular germ cell cancer.
SO - J Urol 2000 Dec;164(6):2030
4
UI - 11920956
AU - Bharaj BB; Luo LY; Jung K; Stephan C; Diamandis EP
TI -
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human
kallikrein 10 (KLK10) gene and their association with prostate, breast,
testicular, and ovarian cancers.
SO - Prostate 2002 Apr 1;51(1):35-41
AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
BACKGROUND: The KLK10 gene (also known as the normal epithelial
cell-specific 1 gene) is a member of the expanded human kallikrein gene
family. Recently, it has been reported that KLK10 is a tumor suppressor
gene and that its expression is downregulated in various forms of cancer
and cancer cell lines. KLK10 is also upregulated in ovarian cancer. We
thus hypothesized that the KLK10 gene may be a target for mutations in
various cancers. METHODS: We sequenced the five coding exons of the
KLK10 gene using genomic DNA from various tumors, normal tissues, and
blood, by PCR amplification and automated sequencing. RESULTS: In none
of the tumor-derived DNAs, we identified somatic mutations that could
inactivate this gene. However, we identified a prevalent germline single
nucleotide variation at codon 50 (exon 3) of this gene [GCC (alanine) to
TCC (serine)]. The GCC genotype was less prevalent in prostatic cancer
patients in comparison to control subjects (P = 0.027) but no
differences were seen with testicular, ovarian, and breast cancer. We
also identified four genetic variations in exon 4, at codons106 [GGC
(glycine) to GGA (glycine)], codon 112 [ACG (threonine) to ACC
(threonine)], codon 141 [CTA (leucine) to CTG (leucine)], and at codon
149 [CCG (proline) to CTG (leucine)]. None of these variations was
significantly different between normal subjects and cancer groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for somatic mutations of the KLK10
gene in cancers of the prostate, breast, ovary, and testis. The single
nucleotide variation at codon 50 appears to be associated with prostate
cancer risk. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
5
UI - 11900581
AU - Rakheja D; Hoang MP; Sharma S; Albores-Saavedra J
TI -
Intratubular embryonal carcinoma.
SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002 Apr;126(4):487-90
AD - Division of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9073, USA.
Although intratubular embryonal carcinoma has been described adjacent to
invasive embryonal carcinoma, to our knowledge it has not been reported
as an isolated finding. We present in this report the histologic and
immunohistochemical findings of 2 cases of intratubular embryonal
carcinoma. One case was exclusively intratubular embryonal carcinoma
without an invasive component in the same testis. A malignant mixed germ
cell tumor in the contralateral testis had been previously excised. The
second case is predominantly composed of intratubular embryonal
carcinoma adjacent to a malignant mixed germ cell tumor. In one case,
the intratubular embryonal carcinoma was immunoreactive for CD30,
AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7 focally, and p53. It was negative for cytokeratin
20, p21, and alpha-fetoprotein. These findings are strongly supportive
of the opinion that intratubular embryonal carcinoma is the precursor of
invasive embryonal carcinoma.
6
UI - 11872041
AU - Kamai T; Arai K; Sumi S; Tsujii T; Honda M; Yamanishi T; Yoshida KI
TI -
The rho/rho-kinase pathway is involved in the progression of testicular
germ cell tumour.
SO - BJU Int 2002 Mar;89(4):449-53
AD - Department of Urology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi,
Japan. kamait@dokkyomed.ac.jp
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of one of the downstream effectors of Rho
(Rho-kinase) in testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) by quantifying mRNA
expression for Rho-kinase in patients with this disease. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: The mRNA levels of the RhoA and Rho-kinase genes were analysed
in surgical specimens of testicular GCT tissues from 57 consecutive
Japanese patients, and in the corresponding non-tumour tissue
originating from the same patient, using the polymerase chain reaction
after reverse transcription. The expression levels of these genes were
compared between the tissues and the relationship between their
expression levels evaluated within tumours and with tumour stage. The
difference in the expression levels of the mRNAs of RhoA and Rho-kinase
genes were also assessed between tumours that were seminoma only and
mixed tumours of seminoma and nonseminoma. RESULTS: RhoA and Rho-kinase
mRNAs were more abundant in tumour tissue than in non-tumour tissue (P <
0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). High RhoA and Rho-kinase mRNA
expressions were related to tumour stage (P < 0.05 and < 0.01,
respectively). The mRNA levels of RhoA and Rho-kinase in mixed tumours
were higher than in tumours with seminoma only (P < 0.01 and < 0.05,
respectively). There was a positive relationship between expression
levels of mRNAs of RhoA and Rho-kinase in tumour tissues (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway is
involved in the progression of testicular GCT. This pathway might be a
molecular target for new treatment strategies for this disease.
7
UI - 11948575
AU - Bruno C; Minniti S; Procacci C
TI -
Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis by
ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.
SO - J Clin Ultrasound 2002 Mar-Apr;30(3):181-3
AD - Department of Radiology, University of Verona, Istituto di Radiologia
dell'Universita, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 1, 37134
Verona, Italy.
Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is a very rare
tumor that is not usually diagnosed until surgery is undertaken. In only
a few cases has the correct diagnosis been obtained preoperatively by
cytologic examination of fluid from the hydrocele. We describe a case of
mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis that was suspected on
sonography because of the presence of a hydrocele and focal
nodularities. The diagnosis was confirmed preoperatively by
ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology aimed at 1 of the
focal nodularities. Our patient was an 85-year-old man with concomitant
cancer of the sigmoid colon; because of his age and the spread of his
colon cancer, we did not remove the scrotal lesion. We recommend
consideration of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of
the solid masses instead of the fluid from the hydrocele in cases of
suspected malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis.
Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:181-183,
2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10045
8
UI - 11477061
AU - Khadra A; Oakeshott P
TI -
General practice perspective on cancer services.
SO - Fam Pract 2001 Aug;18(4):463-4
9
UI - 11979085
AU - Henley JD; Young RH; Ulbright TM
TI -
Malignant Sertoli cell tumors of the testis: a study of 13 examples of a
neoplasm frequently misinterpreted as seminoma.
SO - Am J Surg Pathol 2002 May;26(5):541-50
AD - Departments of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
The distinction of Sertoli cell tumors from seminoma is critical to
ensure proper treatment. Although usually straightforward, we highlight
herein 13 malignant Sertoli cell tumors of the testis with light
microscopic features that mimicked seminoma. All of the cases were
received in consultation, 10 with submitting diagnoses of seminoma,
usually of classic type, but three cases of spermatocytic type. Patients
ranged from 15 to 80 years of age (median 37 years); all presented with
testicular masses. The tumors were typically firm, white to yellow-tan,
and often had foci of hemorrhage. The dominant microscopic pattern was
nested or sheet-like, with some tumors having secondary patterns of
trabeculae-solid tubules, hollow tubules, and pseudofollicles. Tumor
cells were polygonal with conspicuous clear cytoplasm in 12 cases; the
cytoplasm was focally eosinophilic in 10 cases, but this was never
conspicuous. Nine tumors had cytoplasmic vacuoles, and three of four
that were investigated stained for intracytoplasmic glycogen. Nuclei
were small (5) to medium-sized (8), round-to-oval (13), and vesicular
with irregular contours (11). Nucleoli were present in 11 tumors (six
small; five large). Stromal fibrosis (12) and lymphoid infiltrates (10)
were conspicuous, and tumor necrosis (11) and vascular invasion (8) also
were seen. Mitotic figures ranged from <1 to 21/10 high power fields
(HPF) (median 1/10 HPF). Staining for inhibin-alpha, epithelial membrane
antigen, and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) was positive in four of four, six of
six, and three of six cases, respectively; placental alkaline
phosphatase was negative in all five tumors investigated. The nested
growth pattern, prominence of clear cells, lymphoid infiltrate,
inconspicuous tubular differentiation, cytoplasmic glycogen, and
prominent nucleoli caused these tumors to be mistaken for seminomas. The
smaller, less pleomorphic nuclei of Sertoli cell tumors, their lower
mitotic rate, and the absence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia are
helpful differential features. Immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct
in confirming the diagnosis of Sertoli cell tumor, but only if the
overlapping features are appreciated by conventional microscopy and the
diagnosis of Sertoli cell tumor included in the differential.
10
UI - 11938002
AU - Deminiere C; Akele-Akpo MT; Rivel J; Vergnes P
TI -
[Epididymal tumor in a six-months-old infant]
SO - Ann Pathol 2002 Feb;22(1):52-5
AD - Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hopital Pellegrin
CHU, Bordeaux.
A rare tumor of the epididymis was discovered in a 6-month-old infant.
Macroscopically, the tumor had a black focal color. Immunohistochemistry
staining and electron microscopy led to the diagnosis of mealnotic
neuroectodermal tumor, or progonoma. Prognosis of progonoma, a benign
tumor, is generally good, but malignant transformation has been
reported.
11
UI - 2321619
AU - Verreault R; Weiss NS; Hollenbach KA; Strader CH; Daling JR
TI -
Use of electric blankets and risk of testicular cancer.
SO - Am J Epidemiol 1990 May;131(5):759-62
AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community
Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
Electric blankets are an important domestic source of electromagnetic
fields (EMF) because of the relatively high intensity of emission,
prolonged exposure, and intimate contact with the source. In a
case-control study of testicular cancer in western Washington during
1981 to 1984, the relation between EMF exposure from electric blankets
and the occurrence of testicular cancer was examined. The respective
proportions of cases and controls who reported the use of an electric
blanket were almost identical (age-adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 1.0, 95%
confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.4). Distributions of the duration of use
were also very similar in cases and controls. Compared with controls,
the frequency of use of an electric blanket was slightly lower in men
with seminoma (RR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.2) and slightly higher among men
with nonseminoma germ cell tumors (RR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.3). Overall,
the results of this study suggest that increased exposure to EMF from
electric blankets contributes little, if at all, to the risk of
testicular cancer in adult white men.
12
UI - 8452131
AU - Wertheimer N; Leeper E
TI -
Re: "Use of electric blankets and risk of testicular cancer" and "Use of
electric blankets and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer".
SO - Am J Epidemiol 1993 Jan 15;137(2):252-7
13
UI - 11953900
AU - Hsieh CC; Lambe M; Trichopoulos D; Ekbom A; Akre O; Adami HO
TI -
Early life exposure to oestrogen and testicular cancer risk: evidence
against an aetiological hypothesis.
SO - Br J Cancer 2002 Apr 22;86(8):1363-4
14
UI - 11979368
AU - Tanaka Y; Carney JA; Ijiri R; Kato K; Miyake T; Nakatani Y; Misugi K
TI -
Utility of immunostaining for S-100 protein subunits in gonadal sex
cord-stromal tumors, with emphasis on the large-cell calcifying Sertoli
cell tumor of the testis.
SO - Hum Pathol 2002 Mar;33(3):285-9
AD - Division of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama,
Japan.
This study concerns the immunohistochemical localization of S-100 alpha,
S-100 beta, and whole brain S-100 (wbS-100) in testicular large-cell
calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT). We examined 8 LCCSCTs (7 benign
and 1 malignant), 6 Sertoli cell tumors not otherwise specified
(SCTs-NOS), 6 Leydig cell tumors (LCTs), 5 ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell
tumors (SLCTs), and 7 gonadoblastomas (GBLs). The 8 LCCSCTs showed
immunoreactivity for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and wbS-100. Five of the 6
LCTs and the Leydig cell components in the ovarian SLCTs stained
positively for S-100 alpha and wbS-100 but were negative for S-100 beta.
SCTs-NOS and the Sertoli cell components in the SLCTs occasionally
showed focal and weak/moderate positivity for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta,
and wbS-100. Sex cord cells of the GBLs were positive for S-100 beta and
wbS-100 and negative for S-100 alpha. Germ cell elements of the GBLs
were negative for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and wbS-100. In nonneoplastic
testicular parenchyma adjacent to the above-mentioned tumors, there was
S-100 alpha reactivity in Leydig cells, rete testis, and a few Sertoli
cells. S-100 beta reactivity was seen in a few Sertoli cells, Schwann
cells, and some endothelial cells. WbS-100 reactivity was present in
Leydig cells, a few Sertoli cells, rete testis, Schwann cells, and some
endothelial cells. The results indicate that S-100 alpha and S-100 beta
can potentially be used as immunohistochemical markers for LCCSCT,
especially when differentiating it from LCT, which may mimic LCCSCT on
routine histopathology. Although the biological significance of both
S-100 subunits expression in LCCSCT remains unknown, these notable
calcium-binding proteins may be associated with the characteristic
calcification in LCCSCT through regulation of calcium levels in the
tumor cells. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights
reserved.
15
UI - 11990523
AU - von Eyben FE; Madsen EL; Blaabjerg O; Petersen PH; Jacobsen GK; Specht
TI -
L; Pedersen BN; von der MH
Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in patients with seminoma stage
I followed with surveillance.
SO - Acta Oncol 2002;41(1):77-83
AD - Department of Clinical Chemistry Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
feve@post5.tele.dk
Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme I catalytic concentration (S-LD-1)
was measured in patients with testicular seminoma clinical stage I
followed with surveillance after orchiectomy. The serum samples were
obtained before orchiectomy in 110 patients (group A) and soon after
orchiectomy in 55 patients (group B). In group A, 60 patients (55%) had
elevated S-LD-1 and 10 patients (9%) had elevated serum human chorionic
gonadotropin concentrations (S-hCG). In group B, median S-LD-1 was lower
than that of group A and decreased with increasing time after
orchiectomv (p = 0.001, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, one-sided). After a
median follow-up of 5.1 years, 23 patients (21%) in group A had
relapses. The patients with elevated S-LD-1 and those with normal S-LD-1
had a similar relapse-free survival (p = 0.79, log-rank test). Thus
patients with seminoma stage I had elevated S-LD-1 more often than
elevated S-hCG but an elevation in S-LD-1 did not predict a relapse
during follow-up with surveillance. Further studies are required to
elucidate the value of S-LD-1 in monitoring the surveillance of patients
with seminoma stage I.
16
UI - 11992923
AU - Ushida H; Shintaku M; Maegawa M; Maekawa S; Inoue K; Kaneko Y; Ohmori K;
TI -
Babaya K; Nishimura K
Mixed tumor of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and an adenomatoid tumor
in an elderly patient.
SO - Urology 2002 May;59(5):773
AD - Department ofUrology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaska, Japan.
We report a case of a mixed tumor of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and
an adenomatoid tumor in an elderly patient. Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of
the most common childhood tumors; however, it rarely occurs in the
elderly. In addition, to our knowledge, paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
and adenomatoid tumor rarely form mixed tumors. Finally, we consider the
pathogenesis of diploblastic tumors.
17
UI - 11920738
AU - Kersemaekers AM; van Weeren PC; Oosterhuis JW; Looijenga LH
TI -
Involvement of the Fas/FasL pathway in the pathogenesis of germ cell
tumours of the adult testis.
SO - J Pathol 2002 Apr;196(4):423-9
AD - Pathology/Laboratory for Exp. Patho-Oncology, University Hospital
Rotterdam/Daniel, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University
Rotterdam, Building Be, Room 430B, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The
Netherlands.
Induction of apoptosis by Fas ligand (FasL) of Fas-containing cells is a
known mechanism involved in the eradication of inappropriate cells
during normal development. Alterations of the Fas/FasL pathway have been
found in various types of cancer, leading to circumvention of attack of
the tumour by the immune system. An alternative way to circumvent
eradication by induction of apoptosis is through changes in the
downstream inhibitors. For example, Fas-associating phosphatase-1
(Fap-1) binds directly to the Fas receptor and results in a block of the
downstream signalling. To shed more light on the role of the Fas/FasL
pathway in the development of human testicular germ cell tumours of the
adult testis, this study investigated the presence of Fas, FasL, Fap-1,
HLA class I and II molecules, CD45 (lymphocyte marker), and CD57
[natural killer (NK) cell marker] by immunohistochemistry on frozen
sections of 41 cases of seminomas, non-seminomas, and spermatocytic
seminomas. Every germ cell tumour was positive for Fap-1 and negative
for HLA classes I and II, like their non-malignant cells of origin. The
infiltrating lymphocytes, predominantly present in seminomas, showed
consistently positive staining for Fas and CD45, but not for Fap-1. No
Fas was found on NK cells. All seminomas and non-seminomas (except
teratomas), including their precursor stages, carcinoma in situ,
intratubular seminoma and intratubular non-seminoma, showed positive
staining for FasL, but not for Fas. Teratoma showed no staining for FasL
and was positive for Fas. In contrast, both Fas and FasL were detectable
on spermatocytic seminoma. These data indicate a different regulation of
the Fas/FasL system in seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma, supporting a
separate pathogenesis for these germ cell-derived tumours. The presence
of Fap-1 in all histological variants of germ cell tumours might be
related to the consistently positive staining in cells of the germ
lineage. This study indicates that production of FasL by the germ cell
tumour cells might be involved in the early development of these types
of adult testicular cancer by inducting apoptosis of Fas-positive,
Fap-1-negative tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Copyright 2002 John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
18
UI - 11920744
AU - Palumbo C; van Roozendaal K; Gillis AJ; van Gurp RH; de Munnik H;
TI -
Oosterhuis JW; van Zoelen EJ; Looijenga LH
Expression of the PDGF alpha-receptor 1.5 kb transcript, OCT-4, and
c-KIT in human normal and malignant tissues. Implications for the early
diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumours and for our understanding of
regulatory mechanisms.
SO - J Pathol 2002 Apr;196(4):467-77
AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525
ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Human testicular germ cell tumours of adolescents and adults (TGCTs),
including their precursor lesion carcinoma in situ (CIS), show
expression of a 1.5 kb alternative transcript of the platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor gene. The so-called P2 promoter
involved is located in intron 12 and its activity was found to be
mutually exclusive with activity of the classical promoter (P1), which
encodes the full-length receptor. The presence of the 1.5 kb transcript
could be a putative marker for the early molecular diagnosis of TGCTs.
In order to validate the RT-PCR approach, this study shows that not more
than 100 transcripts are necessary to obtain positivity in the test
used; moreover, samples from TGCTs or CIS-containing tissues can be
diluted many-fold before resulting in false-negative findings. This
study also shows that within TGCTs, as in TGCT-derived cell lines,
expression of the 1.5 kb transcript is differentiation-dependent and
positively correlated with expression of the embryonic transcription
factor OCT-4/POU5F1. Furthermore, the results indicate that in some
non-TGCT cancers and cell lines the 1.5 kb transcript is also expressed,
but without concomitant OCT-4/POU5F1 expression. The 1.5 kb transcript
is also present in early B cells and derived leukaemias (B-ALL). In
spite of similarities in chromosomal location, down-regulation upon
differentiation of TGCTs, and PDGF alpha-receptor and c-KIT (the stem
cell factor receptor) both being a tyrosine kinase receptor, no
correlation was found between activity of the P2 promoter of the PDGF
alpha-receptor gene and expression of c-KIT. In conclusion, the 1.5 kb
transcript of the PDGF alpha-receptor is expressed in various cells and
tissues, including particular blood cells. Although this may hamper the
use of this transcript as a marker for malignancies in general, it does
not appear to interfere with assays for the early detection of TGCTs.
Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19
UI - 11719586
AU - Devouassoux-Shisheboran M; Mauduit C; Bouvier R; Berger F; Bouras M;
TI -
Droz JP; Benahmed M
Expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 and assessment of microsatellite
instability in testicular and mediastinal germ cell tumours.
SO - Mol Hum Reprod 2001 Dec;7(12):1099-105
AD - Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale, INSERM U-407,
Communication en Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculte de medecine
Lyon-Sud, B.P. 12, F-69921 Oullins Cedex, France.
The aim of this study was to investigate DNA mismatch repair deficiency
in male germ cell tumours. We analysed the expression of two mismatch
repair proteins, human mutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) and human mutS homologue
2 (hMSH2), and evaluated the frequency of microsatellite instability
with 10 mononucleotide and two dinucleotide repeat sequences, in 39
paired tumour/normal DNA samples obtained from 17 testicular and two
mediastinal germ cell tumours. In all 19 cases, hMLH1 and hMSH2 both
showed nuclear immunolocalization in invasive and testicular in-situ
tumours. In non-neoplastic seminiferous tubules, hMLH1 was expressed
only in premeiotic germ cells, while hMSH2 was seen in all stages of
spermatogenesis. Genetic analysis of dinucleotide markers revealed loss
of heterozygosity in one of two testicular yolk sac tumours at D18S58
and an allelic shift at D2S123 in two of three testicular embryonal
carcinomas, while none of the 12 seminomas exhibited a genetic
abnormality at these loci. No abnormalities were demonstrated with the
10 mononucleotide markers. The two mediastinal germ cell tumours showed
no genetic instability or allelic loss with all 12 markers. We suggest
that genetic alterations as assessed by microsatellite analysis in germ
cell tumours may reflect tissue maturation and phenotypic
differentiation rather than tumour progression. In addition, we suggest
that hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes may not be implicated in the genesis of germ
cell tumours.
20
UI - 11980304
AU - Zerbib P; Prieur E; Khoury-Helou A; Catala P; Pruvot FR; Chambon JP
TI -
[Hemorrhagic digestive metastases from testicular choriocarcinoma]
SO - Ann Chir 2002 Apr;127(4):300-1
AD - Service de chirurgie adultes Ouest, hopital Claude-Huriez, CHRU, 59037
Lille, France. pzerbib@chru-lille.fr
The metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma are often hemorrhagic,
primarily of cerebral or pulmonary seat. The secondary digestive
localizations are rare and of bad forecast when they bleed. The surgical
operation by laparotomy allows the topographic diagnosis and the
treatment, but was made responsible for hemorrhagic decompensation of
other metastatic localizations engaging the vital forecast.
21
UI - 10392922
AU - Pearse I; Glick RD; Abramson SJ; Gerald WR; Shamberger RC; La Quaglia MP
TI -
Testicular-sparing surgery for benign testicular tumors.
SO - J Pediatr Surg 1999 Jun;34(6):1000-3
AD - Department of Surgery (Pediatric Surgery), Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Although there has been a precedent of
testicular-sparing surgery in some centers, the authors find it is still
not general practice among pediatric surgeons. To address this and
emphasize the role of testicular-sparing surgery in children, four
patients with testicular masses are presented who underwent this
procedure. METHODS: Four patients who underwent testicular-sparing
surgery between the years 1993 and 1998 were reviewed. Demographic data,
histopathology, and follow-up data were obtained from office charts. The
period of follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years. RESULTS: Four patients
whose ages at diagnosis were 1, 2, 4, and 17 years presented with
unilateral testicular masses. The alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human
chorionic gonadotropin levels were within normal limits. Testicular
ultrasonography was carried out on all patients, and groin exploration
with spermatic cord isolation was performed in each case. After
enucleation, frozen sections to confirm benignity was carried out before
repair of the testis. Follow-up of 6 months to 5 years has shown no
recurrence, and on examination, testicular volume is normal in all
cases. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular-sparing surgery preserves testicular
volume, which is important for both cosmetic and functional purposes. It
is a viable and useful method in the management of benign testicular
tumors in children.
22
UI - 11872354
AU - Cressey TR; Tilby MJ; Newell DR
TI -
Decreased telomerase activity is not a reliable indicator of
chemosensitivity in testicular cancer cell lines.
SO - Eur J Cancer 2002 Mar;38(4):586-93
AD - Cancer Research Unit, The Medical School, Framlington Place, University
of Newcastle, NE2 4HH, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
tim@cressey96.fsnet.co.uk
Telomere stabilisation is a critical step in tumorigenesis and
telomerase, an enzyme which counteracts telomeric DNA loss, is active in
most tumours. Conflicting evidence has been published concerning the
potential use of telomerase activity as a measurement of drug-induced
tumour cell killing. In this study, the time courses of telomerase loss
and induction of apoptosis were investigated in two testicular cell
lines, Susa CP and 833 K, following 4-h exposure to cisplatin, melphalan
or doxorubicin. Telomerase activity was only affected in both cell lines
at 20 h following exposure to high concentrations of cisplatin (100x the
drug concentrations causing 50% growth inhibition (IC(50) values)). The
time course of melphalan-induced telomerase loss, which was again only
apparent at 100x IC(50) concentrations, varied between the cell lines
and doxorubicin (100x IC(50)) did not induce telomerase loss in either
of the cell lines. Importantly, the levels and rates of appearance of
apoptotic cells (nuclear morphology and annexin V staining) were similar
for all three drugs in both cell lines; i.e. cisplatin, melphalan and
doxorubicin (100x IC(50)) caused similar frequencies of apoptosis in
Susa CP cells at 24 h whereas telomerase activities were 65, 123 and 96%
of the control, respectively. The possibility that telomerase activity
was lost following cisplatin treatment through a direct interaction of
cisplatin with telomerase was discounted. Additionally, the relative
levels of the RNA component of telomerase (hTR) and mRNA for the
telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) were not related to the observed
decreases in telomerase activity. These data indicate that telomerase
activity is not a reliable indicator of chemosensitivity in human
testicular cancer cells. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced loss of
telomerase activity is not due to a direct reaction with the enzyme or
decreased hTR levels.
23
UI - 11912380
AU - Saint F; Leroy X; Graziana JP; Moukassa D; Gosselin B; Biserte J; Chopin
TI -
D; Rigot JM
Dendritic cell infiltration in a patient with seminomatous germ cell
tumor of the testis: is there a relationship with infertility and tumor
stage?
SO - J Urol 2002 Apr;167(4):1643-7
AD - Department of Urology, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
PURPOSE: Inflammatory cells, such as dendritic cells, are considered to
trigger the antitumoral immune response against tumors, such as
testicular cancer. Male infertility associated with cancer may be due to
endocrine or immunological factors. We investigated possible
associations of antigen expression with dendritic cells, histiocytic
cells and seminoma stage as well as with impaired spermatogenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 1999, 30 patients with seminoma
underwent orchiectomy at our center, including 14 who underwent
spermiography before orchiectomy. Streptavidin-biotin immunostaining was
performed on paraffin -embedded tumor specimens using antibodies against
protein S-100 for dendritic cells and CD68-KP1 antigen. RESULTS: Light
infiltration by less than 20 dendritic cells and less than 103 CD68+
cells was associated with tumor size greater than 1.5 cm. in 75% and 80%
of patients, respectively. Strong infiltration by greater than 20
dendritic cells and greater than 103 CD68+ cells was associated with
negative lymph nodes in 86% of patients. Slight infiltration by
dendritic cells was observed in 71% of patients with a sperm count of
greater than 8.6 million per ml. and in 100% with more than 45% motile
sperm (p not significant and 0.02, respectively). Necrospermia increased
with dendritic and CD68+ cell infiltration. No association was noted
among preoperative serum tumor marker levels, the sperm count and
immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS: Sperm autoimmunity is a plausible mechanism
of infertility in men with germ cell tumors. Dendritic cells may induce
antitumor cell cytotoxic reactions, but may also be cytotoxic to sperm
cells or lead to inhibited spermatogenesis. Further studies focusing on
tumor rejection antigen and the cloning of specific cytotoxic T
lymphocyte against gametes are required to confirm these finding.
24
UI - 11912415
AU - LaMontagne AE Jr
TI -
Spontaneous rupture of a testicular tumor.
SO - J Urol 2002 Apr;167(4):1787-8
AD - Department of Urology, Eastern Connecticut Health Network, Manchester,
Connecticut,USA.
25
UI - 11912417
AU - Bucci S; Liguori G; Buttazzi L; Bussani R; Trombetta C
TI -
Bilateral testicular carcinoma in patient with the persistent mullerian
duct syndrome.
SO - J Urol 2002 Apr;167(4):1790
AD - Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
26
UI - 11942962
AU - Spermon JR; De Geus-Oei LF; Kiemeney LA; Witjes JA; Oyen WJ
TI -
The role of (18)fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in
initial staging and re-staging after chemotherapy for testicular germ
cell tumours.
SO - BJU Int 2002 Apr;89(6):549-56
AD - Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the
Netherlands. r.spermon@uro.azn.nl
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of 18fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron
emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the initial staging of clinical stage I
and II nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs) and in re-staging
(non)seminomatous GCTs after chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: FDG-PET
studies were undertaken in 50 patients. FDG uptake was interpreted
visually and when possible the standardized uptake value was determined.
A FDG-PET scan was taken in five patients with clinical stage I and in
seven with stage II NSGCT. The scans were validated by histology. Stage
I patients underwent a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection because of
vascular invasion in the primary tumour. Thirty-eight scans were taken
after completing chemotherapy (28 NSGCTs and 10 seminomatous GCTs), and
validated by histology or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: In stage I NSGCT,
FDG-PET staging was equivalent to computed tomography (CT) staging. One
small lesion, consisting of mature teratoma, was missed by both FDG-PET
and CT. In stage II NSGCT, FDG-PET missed two lesions (mature teratoma
and retroperitoneal mass with a small component of embryonal cell
carcinoma) whereas CT correctly classified all. In 20 of 28 patients
with NSGCT, histology was obtained after chemotherapy. In one of three
patients with viable tumorous residual mass the FDG-PET scan was clearly
positive; in four of 12 with mature teratoma and inflammation components
retroperitoneally, the FDG-PET was also positive. In contrast, eight
patients with solitary mature teratoma had a negative PET result. In
four of five patients with necrosis after chemotherapy the PET result
was correctly negative. All eight patients on surveillance had a
negative PET scan and were free of disease at median (range) of 14
(8-18) months. Interestingly, of the 12 patients with a correct negative
PET result, 11 had no mature teratoma in their primary tumour. Nine of
10 patients with SGCT were correctly staged. Two FDG-PET studies showed
increased uptake; in one, a viable seminomatous mass was found and in
the other there was inflammation in the residual mass. In all other
patients the FDG-PET scan correctly predicted absence of viability in
the residual mass. CONCLUSIONS: In primary staging, FDG-PET has no
benefit over CT. In re-staging, a negative FDG-PET result predicts
fibrotic residual mass in seminomatous GCT. Moreover, it could be useful
to predict fibrotic residual mass in NSGCT in those patients with no
teratoma component in their primary tumour.
27
UI - 11942982
AU - Vilandt J; Sonksen J; Mikines K; Torp-Pedersen S; Colstrup H
TI -
Seminoma in the testes associated with haemospermia.
SO - BJU Int 2002 Apr;89(6):633
AD - Department of Urology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen,
Hellerup, Denmark. vilandt@dadlnet.dk
28
UI - 12004856
AU - Nieto N; Torres-Valdivieso MJ; Aguado P; Mateos ME; Lopez-Perez J;
TI -
Melero C; Vivanco JL; Gomez A
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis: case report and review of
literature.
SO - Tumori 2002 Jan-Feb;88(1):72-4
AD - Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre,
Madrid, Spain.
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis is an infrequent tumor of
the gonadal stroma characteristic of the pediatric age. It usually
appears as a scrotal mass and less frequently as an abdominal or
inguinal mass. It may be associated with ambiguous genitalia and/or
abnormal sex chromosomes. The recommended treatment is orchiectomy alone
because local recurrence or metastasis have never been observed. We
describe a patient with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis
and review the literature.
29
UI - 12004857
AU - Rao SR; Mistry RC; Parikh DM
TI -
Leydig cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature.
SO - Tumori 2002 Jan-Feb;88(1):75-6
AD - Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
drraja47@bom3.vsnl.net.in
We report a case of Leydig cell tumor, which is a rare testicular
neoplasm. Most of them are benign. Malignant Leydig cell tumor is
associated with a poor prognosis. The clinical features and treatment of
Leydig cell tumor are discussed in this case report.
30
UI - 11956097
AU - Skotheim RI; Monni O; Mousses S; Fossa SD; Kallioniemi OP; Lothe RA;
TI -
Kallioniemi A
New insights into testicular germ cell tumorigenesis from gene
expression profiling.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 Apr 15;62(8):2359-64
AD - Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian
Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
We have shown recently that about half of the human TGCTs(3) reveal DNA
copy number increases affecting two distinct regions on chromosome arm
17q. To identify potential target genes with elevated expressions
attributable to the extra copies, we constructed a cDNA microarray
containing 636 genes and expressed sequence tags from chromosome 17. The
expression patterns of 14 TGCTs, 1 carcinoma in situ, and 3 normal
testis samples were examined, all with known chromosome 17 copy numbers.
The growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (GRB7) and junction
plakoglobin (JUP) were the two most highly overexpressed genes in the
TGCTs. GRB7 is tightly linked to ERBB2 and is coamplified and
coexpressed with this gene in several cancer types. Interestingly, the
expression levels of ERBB2 were not elevated in the TGCTs, suggesting
that GRB7 might be the target for the increased DNA copy number in
TGCTs. Because of the limited knowledge of altered gene expression in
the development of TGCTs, we also examined the expression levels of 512
additional genes located throughout the genome. Several genes novel to
testicular tumorigenesis were consistently up- or down-regulated,
including POV1, MYCL1, MYBL2, MXI1, and DNMT2. Additionally,
overexpression of the proto-oncogenes CCND2 and MYCN were confirmed from
the literature. The overexpressions were for some of the target genes
closely associated to either seminoma or nonseminoma TGCTs, and
hierarchical cluster analysis of the gene expression data effectively
distinguished among the known histological subtypes. In summary, this
focused functional genomic characterization of TGCTs has lead to the
identification of new gene targets associated with a common genomic
rearrangement as well as other genes with potential importance to
testicular tumorigenesis.
31
UI - 11919460
AU - Tsatalpas P; Beuthien-Baumann B; Kropp J; Manseck A; Tiepolt C;
TI -
Hakenberg OW; Burchert W; Franke WG; Wirth MP
Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography for detection
and treatment control of malignant germ cell tumors.
SO - Urol Int 2002;68(3):157-63
AD - Department of Urology, University of Dresden, Germany.
INTRODUCTION: The role of positron emission tomography (PET) with
2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is currently under evaluation
in urologic oncology. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the use of [18F]FDG positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) in the
detection and treatment control of malignant germ cell tumors compared
to computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two PET
studies and CT scans were carried out in 23 patients with histologically
proven germ cell tumors (10 seminomas, 12 non-seminomatous germ cell
tumors (NSGCT), 1 unclassified serologic recurrent disease) Lugano stage
I-III. The scans were done either after initial diagnosis (n = 21)
and/or within 3-45 days after chemotherapy was completed (n = 11). PET
and CT were validated either by histology (n = 7) or clinical follow-up
of 6-11 months after the last PET study has been performed (n = 16).
Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive
values were determined for PET and CT. Differences between PET and CT
for parameters of diagnostic value were evaluated by chi(2) test.
RESULTS: Although not statistically significant, the sensitivity,
accuracy and negative predictive value were higher for PET than for CT
with respect to the detection of metastatic infradiaphragmatic and
supradiaphragmatic lesions after initial diagnosis. The specificity and
positive predictive value of PET and CT were comparable. After
chemotherapy, PET was found to be significantly superior in specificity
and accuracy compared to CT with respect to infradiaphragmatic lesions
(p < 0.05). False-positive PET findings in supradiaphragmatic lesions
after chemotherapy occurred in the case of inflammatory processes and
resulted in a loss of specificity and accuracy compared to CT (p <
0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results demonstrate [18F]FDG-PET
to be a useful diagnostic tool for the initial staging and treatment
control in patients with germ cell tumors. Possible advantages compared
to CT, however, are as yet not clearly defined. The possibility of
false-positive PET findings due to reactive supradiaphragmatic
inflammatory processes early after chemotherapy have to be considered.
Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
32
UI - 11919471
AU - Beardo P; Manasia P; Corral JM; Truan D; Alcover JB; Micali F
TI -
Rare secondary carcinoma from bladder to testis.
SO - Urol Int 2002;68(3):204-5
AD - Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Metastatic carcinoma to the testis is very unusual in daily urologic
practice. We report a case of metastatic cancer to the testis detected
as incidental findings in a squamous bladder tumor. Copyright 2002 S.
Karger AG, Basel
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