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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Mouth Cancer - February 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: February 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11751430
AU - Chen C; Ricks S; Doody DR; Fitzgibbons ED; Porter PL; Schwartz SM
TI -
N-Acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking and alcohol
consumption, and oral squamous cell cancer risk.
SO - Carcinogenesis 2001 Dec;22(12):1993-9
AD - Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences and Human
Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, DE-320, 1100 Fairview
Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. cchen@fhcrc.org
The risk of squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity (OSCC) is strongly
related to the use of tobacco and alcohol. N-Acetyl transferases 1 and 2
(NAT2) metabolize aryl- and heterocyclic amines that are present in
tobacco smoke. NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype or genotype is related to
reduced ability to detoxify these xenobiotics that are carcinogenic in
tissues in which smoking-related cancers develop (e.g. bladder). We
studied the association between the deduced NAT2 acetylator phenotypes
and OSCC risk in a population-based study of 341 cases and 552 controls.
In-person interviews provided information on tobacco use and alcohol
consumption. Nucleotide substitutions at position 191, 341, 590, 803 and
857 were determined by a combination of oligonucleotide ligation assays
and PCR/RFLP assays. There was no overall association between acetylator
status with OSCC risk; the odds ratios for slow and intermediate
acetylators, as compared with the rapid acetylators, were 1.2 (95% CI
0.7-2.2) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.6-2.0), respectively. The percent increase in
risk of OSCC per pack-year cigarette smoking was similar among slow
acetylators (3.0%, 95% CI 2.1-4.0) and the combined intermediate and
rapid acetylators (3.5%, 95% CI 2.4-5.0). In contrast, the risk of OSCC
per weekly alcoholic drink was stronger among the combined rapid and
intermediate acetylators (3.3%, 95% CI 1.8-4.9) compared with slow
acetylators (1.6%, 95% CI 0.6-2.7) (interaction P = 0.055). These data
raise the possibility that NAT2 may be involved in the activation of one
or more pro-carcinogens associated with alcohol consumption.
2
UI - 9727957
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Preventing and controlling oral and pharyngeal cancer. Recommendations
from a National Strategic Planning Conference.
SO - MMWR Recomm Rep 1998 Aug 28;47(RR-14):1-12
for preventing and controlling oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United
States. The conference, which was cosponsored by the National Institute
of Dental Research of the National Institutes of Health and the American
Dental Association, included 125 experts in oral and pharyngeal cancer
prevention, treatment, and research; both the private and public sectors
were represented. Participants at the conference developed
recommendations concerning advocacy, collaboration, and coalition
building; public health policy; public education; professional education
and practice; and data collection, evaluation, and research. A follow-up
meeting consisting of selected participants of the 1996 conference was
in the political and scientific arenas since the 1996 conference were
considered, and 10 recommended strategies from the conference were
selected for priority implementation. These 10 strategies were to a)
establish a mechanism to implement and monitor the recommended
strategies developed during the conference; b) urge oral health
professionals to become more actively involved in community health; c)
require instruction in preventing and controlling tobacco and alcohol
use at all levels of training in dental, medical, nursing, and other
related health-care disciplines; d) encourage Medicaid, Medicare,
traditional insurance plans, and managed-care entities to consider
making oral cancer examinations an integral part of comprehensive
physical and oral examinations; e) designate federal funding for a
national program of oral cancer prevention, early detection, and
control; f) after assessing local needs, develop, implement, and
evaluate statewide models to educate all relevant groups; g) develop and
conduct a national promotional campaign to raise public awareness of
oral cancer and its link to tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption;
h) develop health-care curricula that require competency in prevention,
diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management of oral and pharyngeal
cancer; i) sponsor and promote continuing education for health-care
professionals on the multidisciplinary management of all phases of oral
cancer and its sequelae; and j) strengthen organizational approaches to
reducing oral cancer by developing organized cooperative and
collaborative arrangements, funding formal centers, and involving
commercial firms. CDC will use these recommended strategies to develop
programs to reduce the burden of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the
United States. Through the Oral Cancer Roundtable, a group of conference
and meeting participants, CDC will communicate to interested agencies,
organizations, and state health departments ways in which they can
implement elements of the national plan. The Roundtable will help CDC
track the efforts and progress of these groups.
3
UI - 11770576
AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
TI -
Promoting oral health: interventions for preventing dental caries, oral
and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. A
report on recommendations of the task force on community preventive
services.
SO - MMWR Recomm Rep 2001 Nov 30;50(RR-21):1-13
The Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) has
conducted systematic reviews of the evidence of effectiveness of
selected population-based interventions to prevent and control dental
caries (tooth decay), oral (mouth) and pharyngeal (throat) cancers, and
sports-related craniofacial injuries. The Task Force strongly recommends
community water fluoridation and school-based or school-linked pit and
fissure sealant delivery programs for prevention and control of dental
caries. Using the rules of evidence it has established, the Task Force
found insufficient evidence of effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the
remaining interventions reviewed. Therefore, the Task Force makes no
recommendation for or against use of statewide or communitywide sealant
promotion programs, population-based interventions for early detection
of precancers and cancers, or population-based interventions to
encourage use of helmets, facemasks, and mouthguards to reduce
oral-facial trauma in contact sports. The Task Force's finding of
insufficient evidence indicates the need for more research on
intervention effectiveness. Until the results of such research become
available, readers are encouraged to judge the usefulness of these
interventions by other criteria. This report presents additional
information regarding the recommendations, briefly describes how the
reviews were conducted, and provides information designed to help apply
the strongly recommended interventions locally.
4
UI - 11774409
AU - Owens JM; Gomez JA; Byers RM
TI -
Malignant melanoma in the palate of a 3-month-old child.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Jan;24(1):91-4
AD - Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
BACKGROUND: Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is a rare
cancer in adults that carries a grave prognosis. Three mucosal melanomas
in pediatric patients have previously been reported. METHODS: We present
here the youngest case of malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and
neck in a 3-month-old boy. He presented with a 2 x 2-mm-pigmented lesion
on the anterior maxillary alveolus. The patient was treated with local
excision alone. RESULTS: The patient has remained disease free with
regular follow-up for 117 months. CONCLUSION: Based upon this case and
the few cases reported in the literature, mucosal melanoma is a much
less common disease in children than in adults. Further, juvenile
mucosal melanoma displays a benign clinical behavior. Copyright 2002
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5
UI - 11806149
AU - Arai K; Shibahara T; Yamamoto N; Yakushiji T; Tanaka C; Noma H
TI -
Frequent allelic loss/imbalance on the short arm of chromosome 3 in
tongue cancer.
SO - Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2001 Aug;42(3):151-7
AD - First Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College,
1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
Frequent allelic imbalances including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and
microsatellite instability (MSI) on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)
have been found in several types of human cancer. This study was
designed to identify the tumor suppressor locus (or loci) on 3p
associated with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Among 16 patients
with tongue SCC tested, 7 (44%) of 16 informative cases showed LOH at
one or more loci. Deletion mapping of these 16 tumors revealed two
discrete, commonly deleted regions on the chromosome arm. Our data
support the notion that tumor suppressor gene(s) contributing to the
progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma reside on 3p24 and 3p25.
6
UI - 11806150
AU - Yakushiji T; Noma H; Shibahara T; Arai K; Yamamoto N; Tanaka C; Uzawa K;
TI -
Tanzawa H
Analysis of a role for p16/CDKN2 expression and methylation patterns in
human oral squamous cell carcinoma.
SO - Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2001 Aug;42(3):159-68
AD - First Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College,
1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
The p16/CDKN2 (cyclin dependent kinase number 2) gene is known to be one
of the negative regulators of the cell cycle. Aberrant 5'CpG island
methylation is one of the most important mechanisms of p16/CDKN2 gene
promoter region alteration. We studied 8 oral squamous cell carcinoma
cell lines and 25 primary tumor tissues for the p16/CDKN2 gene and its
expression by PCR-SSCP, MSP, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical methods to
determine the mechanism and the potential biological significance of
p16/CDKN2 gene inactivation. In primary tumors, no p16/CDKN2 gene
mutations were found by PCR-SSCP. However, hypermethylation of the CpG
sites of p16/CDKN2 gene was observed in 48% (12/25) cases of primary
tumors and in 50% (4/8) of cell lines. To verify the p16 mRNA
expression, we employed RT-PCR and observed decreased or lacked p16 mRNA
in 44% (11/25) of primary tumor tissues. In addition, hypermethylation
was observed in 6 of the above 11 cases (55%). An immunohistochemistry
assay was also performed with the primary tumor tissues, and a
semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate the staining intensity of
p16 protein. We observed 52% (13/25) negative nuclear staining. When we
compared these results with clinicopathological stages, there was no
statistical significance. These findings suggest that hypermethylation
of p16/CDKN2 promoter region may be associated with p16/CDKN2 gene
alteration.
7
UI - 11730997
AU - Chao KS; Majhail N; Huang CJ; Simpson JR; Perez CA; Haughey B; Spector G
TI -
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy reduces late salivary toxicity
without compromising tumor control in patients with oropharyngeal
carcinoma: a comparison with conventional techniques.
SO - Radiother Oncol 2001 Dec;61(3):275-80
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University Medical Center,
St. Louis, MO, USA. chao@radonc.wustl.edu
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
offers superior dosimetric conformity for normal tissue sparing in
patients with oropharyngeal cancer. In this study, acute and late
toxicity, and tumor control were compared between conventional beam
treated at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. There were 260
patients with tonsil primary tumors and 170 patients with tumors arising
from the base of the tongue. Twenty-four (6%) patients had stage I
disease, 88 (20%) had stage II, 128 (30%) had stage III, and 190 (44%)
had stage IV disease. Patients were divided into five treatment groups.
Group I consisted of 109 patients who received preoperative CRT. Group
II consisted of 142 patients who received postoperative CRT. Group III
consisted of 153 patients who received definitive CRT. Inverse planning
IMRT (Peacock, NOMOS) was used to treat 14 patients postoperatively
(Group IV) and 12 patients definitively without surgery (Group V). Acute
and late normal tissue side-effects were scored according to the
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group radiation morbidity criteria. The
median follow-up was 3.9 years. RESULTS: The 2-year local-regional
control values for the five studied groups were 78, 76, 68, 100 and 88%,
respectively. The 2-year disease-free survival values for the five
studied groups were 68, 74, 58, 92 and 80%, respectively. IMRT
significantly reduced the incidence of late xerostomia. CONCLUSIONS:
When IMRT was compared with conventional techniques, the dosimetric
advantage of IMRT did translate into a significant reduction of late
salivary toxicity in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. No adverse
impact on tumor control and disease-free survival was observed in
patients treated with IMRT.
8
UI - 11730999
AU - Cozzi L; Fogliata A; Lomax A; Bolsi A
TI -
A treatment planning comparison of 3D conformal therapy, intensity
modulated photon therapy and proton therapy for treatment of advanced
head and neck tumours.
SO - Radiother Oncol 2001 Dec;61(3):287-97
AD - Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Medical Physics Unit,
Bellinzona, Switzerland.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this work, the potential benefits and
limitations of different treatment techniques, based on mixed
photon-electron beams, 3D conformal therapy, intensity modulated photons
(IM) and protons (passively scattered and spot scanned), have been
assessed using comparative treatment planning methods in a cohort of
patients presenting with advanced head and neck tumours. MATERIAL AND
METHODS: Plans for five patients were computed for all modalities using
CT scans to delineate target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) and
to predict dose distributions. The prescribed dose to the PTV was 54 Gy,
whilst the spinal cord was constrained to a maximum dose of 40.5 Gy for
all techniques. Dose volume histograms were used for physical and
biological evaluation, which included equivalent uniform dose (EUD)
calculations. RESULTS: Excluding the mixed photon-electron technique,
PTV coverage was within the defined limits for all techniques, with
protons providing significantly improved dose homogeneity, resulting in
correspondingly higher EUD results. For the spinal cord, protons also
provided the best sparing with maximum doses as low as 17 Gy. Whilst the
IM plans were demonstrated to be significantly superior to non-modulated
photon plans, they were found to be inferior to protons for both
criteria. A similar result was found for the parotid glands. Although
they are partially included in the treated volume there is a clear
indication that protons, and to a lesser extent IM photons, could play
an important role in preserving organ functionality with a consequent
improvement of the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: For advanced
head and neck tumours, we have demonstrated that the use of IM photons
or protons both have the potential to reduce the possibility of spinal
cord toxicity. In addition, a substantial reduction of dose to the
parotid glands through the use of protons enhances the interest for such
a treatment modality in cases of advanced head and neck tumours.
However, in terms of target coverage, the use of 3D conformal therapy,
although somewhat inferior in quality to protons or IM photons, has been
shown to be a reasonable alternative to the more advanced techniques. In
contrast, the conventional technique of mixed photon and electron fields
has been shown to be inferior to all other techniques for both target
coverage and OAR involvement.
9
UI - 11755830
AU - Iezzi G; Rubini C; Fioroni M; Piattelli A
TI -
Sebaceous adenoma of the cheek.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):111-3
AD - Dental School, University of Chieti, Italy.
Sebaceous adenoma is a tumour only rarely located in the oral cavity.
Less than 10 cases have been reported. Sebaceous adenoma represents
0.5-0.7% of all monomorphic adenomas. Sebaceous adenoma is mainly
constituted by two types of cells, undifferentiated peripheral basaloid
cells and cells showing different degrees of sebaceous differentiation
located in the center of the lesion. The differential diagnosis must be
made with sebaceous hyperplasia. Sebaceous adenomas are benign, and they
do not recur after a conservative excision.
10
UI - 11755831
AU - Schwender FT; Wollner I; Kunju LP; Nakhleh RE; Chan KM
TI -
Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa with metastases to the
pericardial cavity, lung and thyroid.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):114-6
AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand
Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. fschwender@hotmail.com
Pericardial metastasis from the oral cavity is a rare event. Squamous
cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is not known to spread to the
pericardium. We present a case of buccal mucosal carcinoma with distant
metastases diagnosed by pericardial biopsy.
11
UI - 11755832
AU - Nunes FD; Loducca SV; de Oliveira EM; de Araujo VC
TI -
Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the tongue.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):117-9
AD - Disciplina de Patologia Bucal, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de
Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Butanta, CEP 05508-900,
Brazil.
Intraoral liposarcomas are rare, with most reported cases being of the
myxoid histological type. We present a well-differentiated liposarcoma
of the tongue, in a 65-year-old man. The tumour presented lipoblasts in
various stages of differentiation, lipocytes in different sizes and
shapes, mesenchymal and signet-ring cells. Lipoma, spindle-cell lipoma,
myxoma, hibernoma, angiolipoma, fibrolipoma, pseudosarcomatous faciitis
and malignant hysticytoma were considered in the diagnosis process. The
patient was treated surgically and so far is free of disease.
12
UI - 11755833
AU - Ide F; Shimoyama T; Horie N; Kusama K
TI -
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa: a new case and
review of 45 cases in the literature.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):120-4
AD - Department of Oral Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical
School, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the oral mucosa other than
the tongue is uncommon. We report a case of a 67-year-old man who
diagnosed with Stage I BSCC in the floor of the mouth. This early stage
presentation carries a considerably better prognosis. Clinical summary
of 46 cases of oral BSCC indicated that the tongue base was the most
preferred site (61%). The patients were 19 males and 15 females with the
mean age of 61 years (n=34). Most presented with Stage III or IV disease
(62%). Even at the initial presentation, 47% had cervical lymph node
metastases. Its aggressive clinical behaviour was characterized by a
high incidence of local recurrence (32%), regional lymph node metastases
(52%), and mortality rate (38%). Because of the advanced stage at
presentation, oral BSCC is prognostically worse.
13
UI - 11755816
AU - Goto K; Fukuda J; Haneji T
TI -
Okadaic acid stimulates apoptosis through expression of Fas receptor and
Fas ligand in human oral squamous carcinoma cells.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):16-22
AD - Department of Histology and Oral Histology, School of Dentistry, The
University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
Fas receptor is a member of a superfamily of receptors characterized by
cysteine-rich motifs in the extracellular domain of the molecule.
Binding of Fas ligand to Fas receptor leads to activation of the latter
and the induction of intracellular signals that result in apoptotic cell
death. In the present study, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis to examine the
expression of mRNAs and proteins of Fas receptor and Fas ligand in human
oral squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cells treated with okadaic acid. The PCR
product of Fas receptor mRNA was detected in the cells and a protein
with an estimated molecular weight of 35,000 was also expressed in them.
Expression of Fas receptor mRNA stimulated by okadaic acid was elevated
in dose- and time-dependent manners as judged by semiquantitative RT-PCR
analysis, with the maximum expression level at 50 nM and 8 h treatment.
Fas ligand mRNA expression was also stimulated by okadaic acid in SCC-25
cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Okadaic acid also stimulated
the expression of Fas ligand protein in the cells. Okadaic acid in
serum-free medium induced apoptosis in SCC-25 cells in a time-dependent
manner up to 24 h as determined by nuclear condensation and
fragmentation of chromatin and DNA ladder formation. The present results
indicate that the expression of Fas receptor and Fas ligand is
negatively regulated by a protein phosphatase(s) sensitive to okadaic
acid and is involved in okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in SCC-25 cells.
Our results also suggest that Fas receptor and Fas ligand system might
regulate apoptosis in SCC-25 cells in an autocrine fashion.
14
UI - 11755814
AU - Ferlito A; Shaha AR; Rinaldo A
TI -
The incidence of lymph node micrometastases in patients pathologically
staged N0 in cancer of oral cavity and oropharynx.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):3-5
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine,
Policlinico Universitario, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100
Udine, Italy. clorl@dsc.uniud.it
The presence of nodal metastasis in head and neck cancer is an important
prognostic factor and crucial in making critical decisions regarding
postoperative radiation treatment and follow up. The final documentation
of nodal metastasis is still based on routine histopathological
evaluation of the lymph nodes in the neck. The newer technologies
including immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis and subserial
sectioning may increase the detection of lymph node micrometastases in
patients pathologically staged N0 in cancer of oral cavity and
oropharynx.
15
UI - 11755820
AU - Noutomi T; Chiba H; Itoh M; Toyota H; Mizuguchi J
TI -
Bcl-x(L) confers multi-drug resistance in several squamous cell
carcinoma cell lines.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):41-8
AD - Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Surgery, Tokyo Medical University
Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
Carboplatin (CBDCA) alone or in combination with irradiation and other
chemotherapeutic agents has been used for the treatment of oral squamous
carcinoma. However, there are some limitations for such therapy because
of inherent or acquired resistance to CBDCA. To gain some insights into
the association of CBDCA resistance with Bcl-2 family level or p53
status, we established eight carcinoma cell lines, consisting of two
resistant (MIT8, MIT16), two sensitive (MIT6, MIT7), and four
intermediate lines. All of the five cell lines with p53 mutation
belonged to the resistant approximately intermediate group, whereas two
of three other lines with wild-type p53 were in the sensitive group.
Interestingly, both of the two resistant cell lines showed elevated
levels of Bcl-x(L), almost double that of sensitive line (MIL5), whereas
either Bcl-2 or Bax-alpha level did not correlate with the
CBDCA-resistance. To further verify the association between the Bcl-x(L)
level and the drug resistance, two transformants (x(L)-3, x(L)-6)
overexpressing Bcl-x(L) in the CBDCA-sensitive cell line MIT7 were
established using the gene transfer method. Both clones showed
resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, including CBDCA,
actinomycin D, etoposide, and mitomycin C. Moreover, MIT8 and MT16 also
displayed cross-resistance to these agents. These findings suggest that
Bcl-x(L) may function as one of the key components conferring multiple
drug-resistance in squamous cell carcinomas.
16
UI - 11755821
AU - Niinaka Y; Haga A; Negishi A; Yoshimasu H; Raz A; Amagasa T
TI -
Regulation of cell motility via high and low affinity autocrine motility
factor (AMF) receptor in human oral squamous carcinoma cells.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):49-55
AD - Tumour Progression and Metastasis Research Program, Karmanos Cancer
Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
y-niinaka.mfs@tmd.ac.jp
A tumour-secreted cytokine autocrine motility factor (AMF) induces in
vivo invasion and metastasis, and in vitro tumour cell motility by a
signal transduction through interaction with its cell surface receptor
gp78. In this report, we investigated the characterization of a
high-metastatic human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line LMF4
and low-metastatic HSC-3 in comparison with non-metastatic HSC-2 and
HSC-4. Morphological and motility analyses revealed LMF4 cells to have
the highest motile activity among those cells. However, LMF4 cells
shared the similar features with HSC-3: high level secretion of AMF,
enhancement of gp78 expression, co-expression of vimentin and
cytokeratin, although LMF4 cells showed twice as high motile reactivity
as HSC-3. The only difference was that LMF4 had twice as high amount of
low-affinity receptor(s) as HSC-3, shown by Scatchard analysis.
17
UI - 11755823
AU - Lo Muzio L; Pannone G; Staibano S; Mignogna MD; Serpico R; Fanali S; De
TI -
Rosa G; Piattelli A; Mariggio MA
p120(cat) Delocalization in cell lines of oral cancer.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):64-72
AD - Institute of Dental Sciences, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
llomuzio@tin.it
p120(cat) is a novel component of the catenin family, a cytoplasmic
molecule closely associated with the cell-cell adhesion molecule E
(epithelial)-cadherin, by forming complexes between the cytoplasmic
domain of E-cadherin and the cytoskeleton. Recent studies suppose a role
for this molecule in human cancers and to date none report its
expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The goal of this
study was to evaluate the role of this protein in the oral
carcinogenetic process. A linked streptavidin-biotin-alkaline
phosphatase technique was used to examine the immunoreactivity and
cellular localisation of p120(cat) in five oral epithelial cell lines
(NCTC 2544, normal and immortalized keratinocytes; KB, a poorly
differentiated SCC cell line; OSC 20, a well differentiated oral SCC
cell line; CAL 33 and CAL 27, moderately differentiated oral SCC cell
lines) and 10 normal oral epithelium biopsies. RESULTS: As already
reported for E-cadherin, beta- and gamma-catenin, p120 expression showed
a homogeneous membranous localization in normal oral specimens. The
intensity of staining for p120 progressively increased from basal and
parabasal layers toward the intermediate spinous layer. No staining for
p120 was observed in the upper layer. NCTC showed a membranous
positivity. OSC 20, CAL 33 and CAL 27 showed a membranous positivity,
even if polarized to cell-cell adhesion sites, in 40-50% of cells. OSC
20, CAL 33 and CAL 27 cells showed also a cytoplasmic delocalization.
All positive KB cells showed a prevalent cytoplasmic staining and 10% of
these cells showed a nuclear delocalization. In cancer cells, p120
showed an inverse relationship with the degree of differentiation for a
progressive displacement of the signal toward the cytoplasm or nucleus
in dedifferentiated cells. In conclusions, this nuclear delocalization
for p120 could suppose its potential involvement in signalling and
cancer transformation.
18
UI - 11755826
AU - Kovacs AF; Turowski B
TI -
Chemoembolization of oral and oropharyngeal cancer using a high-dose
cisplatin crystal suspension and degradable starch microspheres.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):87-95
AD - Clinic for Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universitat Haus 21, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany. a.kovacs@em.uni-frankfurt.de
The aim of the study was to achieve intensification of intraarterial
chemotherapy of head and neck cancer with high-dose cisplatin by
establishing a new method of chemoembolization which can be routinely
used without the earlier drawbacks of the method (low drug dosage due to
early occlusion of the small head and neck vessels, danger of local
damage). Thirty two patients with previously untreated oral and
oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas of all stages were treated by at
least one superselective chemoembolization via femoral approach using a
new preparation format of 150 mg/m(2) cisplatin which is an aqueous
crystal suspension. In defined cases, combination with the delivery of
degradable starch microspheres (DSM). Systemic neutralization with
sodium thiosulfate. Primary end points were tolerance and response.
Subsequent treatment was surgery or radiation. Chemoembolization
succeeded in all 37 interventions to date. Overall response after one
cycle was 64.7% using the cisplatin crystal suspension only (n=17) and
86.6% using additional DSM chemoembolization (n=15), as assessed 3 weeks
after treatment. Systemic toxicity was extremely low, local side-effects
(pain, swelling, small necrosis) were pronounced after additional
delivery of DSM. There have been three complications (tracheotomy due to
swelling, temporary facial paralysis twice due to embolization of the
geniculate ganglion). Using the high-dose cisplatin crystal suspension,
chemoembolization can routinely be used in the head and neck area as
neoadjuvant therapy. Response was better than with former comparable
regimens. The additional delivery of DSM was complicated, restricted to
certain areas and unreliable in the dosage needed and might be omitted,
therefore.
19
UI - 11755827
AU - Flaitz CM; Nichols CM; Walling DM; Hicks MJ
TI -
Plasmablastic lymphoma: an HIV-associated entity with primary oral
manifestations.
SO - Oral Oncol 2002 Jan;38(1):96-102
AD - Department of Stomatology, University of Texas-Houston Health Science
Center, Dental Branch, 6516 John Freeman Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
cmflaitz@mail.uth.db.edu
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a relatively new entity that is considered to
be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with an unique immunophenotype and a
predilection for the oral cavity. We present a 50 year-old HIV-positive,
bisexual, white male with a CD4 count 300/mm(3) and a viral HIV-RNA
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) load of 237 copies/ml, who developed a
painful, purple-red mass in the edentulous area of the maxillary right
first molar. Erythematous gingival enlargements of the interdental
papillae were seen in three of the dental quadrants. In addition, the
patient was being managed with antiretroviral therapy and liposomal
doxorubicin for recurrent cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Although oral
KS was suspected, the gingival lesions were biopsied because they were
refractory to chemotherapy and a lymphoma could not be excluded.
Histopathologic examination revealed a lymphoid malignant neoplasm,
consistent with a plasmablastic lymphoma. Immunoreactivity with vs38c,
CD79a, kappa light chain, and IgG was readily identified in tumor cells;
while only focal cells expressed CD20 and LCA (CD45RB). CD56, CD3,
lambda light chain, and EMA were non-reactive. EBV was detected in the
tumor by Southern hybridization, PCR amplification, in situ
hybridization for EBER-1 DNA, and immunohistochemistry for latent
membrane protein-1. The same tumor was negative for HHV-8 by PCR.
Recognition of plasmablastic lymphoma is important, because it
represents an HIV-associated malignancy that predominantly involves the
oral cavity, may mimic KS and has a poor prognosis.
20
UI - 11802047
AU - Stoeckli SJ; Pfaltz M; Steinert H; Schmid S
TI -
Histopathological features of occult metastasis detected by sentinel
lymph node biopsy in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 Jan;112(1):111-5
AD - Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital
Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
stoeckli@orl.usz.ch
OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been introduced for head and
neck cancer with promising results. Research in breast cancer has
revealed different histopathological features of occult lymph node
metastasis with possibly different clinical and prognostic implications.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the histopathological features of
occult metastasis detected by sentinel lymph node in oral and
oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective.
METHODS: According to Hermanek (5), occult metastasis was differentiated
into isolated tumor cells and infiltration of lymph node parenchyma
smaller than 2 mm in diameter (micrometastasis) and larger than 2 mm in
diameter (metastasis). RESULTS: Occult metastases were found in 6 of 19
(32%) sentinel lymph nodes. Three patients showed micrometastasis with a
mean size of 1.4 mm (range, 1.2-1.5 mm), the first with three separate
micrometastases within the same sentinel lymph node, the second with an
additional cluster of isolated tumor cells within the same sentinel
lymph node, and the third with an additional micrometastasis in one
lymph node of the elective neck dissection. Two patients had
macrometastasis (3.4 and 8 mm), both with multiple metastases in the
elective neck dissection. One patient had two clusters of isolated tumor
cells in the sentinel lymph node and an additional cluster of isolated
tumor cells in one lymph node of the elective neck dissection.
CONCLUSIONS: Occult metastasis can be subdivided histopathologically in
isolated tumor cells, micrometastasis, and macrometastasis. We present
the first study describing a great variety of these subtypes in sentinel
lymph nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Because the
independent prognostic factor and clinical relevance of these subtypes
is still unclear, we emphasize the importance of reporting these
findings uniformly and according to well-established criteria.
21
UI - 11573822
AU - Michimukai E; Kitamura N; Zhang Y; Wang H; Hiraishi Y; Sumi K; Hayashido
TI -
Y; Toratani S; Okamoto T
Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene
patched in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.
SO - In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001 Jul-Aug;37(7):459-64
AD - Department of Molecular Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Surgery 1,
Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
In the present study, we have analyzed tumor deoxyribonucleic acid from
oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells for patched mutations using an
exon-by-exon single strand conformation polymorphism assay and direct
sequencing. We found two missense mutations which affected the conserved
residue in the transmembrane domains of the gene product and in the
intracellular loop at the C-terminal residue implicated in regulating
the smoothened molecule. In addition, we demonstrated that the
N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog (Shh-N) stimulates the growth of
normal epithelial cells, the OSCC cell line, NA, and the salivary gland
adenocarcinoma cell lines, HSG and HSY, which have no detectable
mutation in patched. On the other hand, Shh has no effect on human SCC
cells (UE, KA, KO, NI, A431 cells) that have mutations in patched. These
results strongly suggest that an Shh-patched signaling is involved in
the cell growth of oral epithelial cells and in the tumorigenesis of
OSCCs.
22
UI - 11801958
AU - Cable BB; Mair EA
TI -
Radiofrequency ablation of lymphangiomatous macroglossia.
SO - Laryngoscope 2001 Oct;111(10):1859-61
AD - Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed Army
Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
23
UI - 11711820
AU - Carinci F; Grasso DL; Grandi E; Pelucchi S; Pastore A
TI -
Malignant myoepithelioma of the tongue base: case report and literature
review.
SO - J Craniofac Surg 2001 Nov;12(6):544-6
AD - University of Ferrara, Italy. crc@unife.it
Malignant myoepithelioma is a rare tumor of salivary origin,
preferentially located in the parotid and submandibular glands and in
the palate. We report the first case involving the tongue base in a
30-year-old man. The histopathological and clinical features and
therapeutic options are discussed.
24
UI - 11757442
AU - Sudbo J; Warloe T; Aamdal S; Reith A; Bryne M
TI -
[Diagnosis and treatment of oral precancerous lesions]
SO - Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2001 Oct 30;121(26):3066-71
AD - Avdeling for onkologi, Det Norske Radiumhospital 0310 Oslo.
jon.sudbo@rh.uio.no
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for oral carcinomas have been identified, but
there are no reliable markers for assessing the clinical outcome in
individual patients with oral precancerous lesions. DNA aneuploidy is
now recognized as an early and significant event in carcinogenesis.
METHODS: We identified 242 patients with oral red or white patches
histologically verified as epithelial dysplasias and measured the
nuclear DNA content (DNA ploidy) of the lesions to determine whether DNA
ploidy could be used to predict the clinical outcome. Disease-free
survival was assessed in relation to DNA ploidy and histological grade.
The mean duration of follow-up was approximately eight years. RESULTS:
Among 242 patients with verified epithelial dysplasia, a carcinoma
developed in 48 (20%). 167 (69%) had diploid lesions, 20 (8%) had
tetraploid lesions and 55 (23%) had aneuploid lesions. Of the 167 with
diploid lesions, only four (1%) later developed an oral carcinoma. By
contrast, 48 of 55 patients with aneuploid lesions (87%) later developed
a carcinoma. INTERPRETATION: The DNA content (DNA ploidy) can be used to
predict the risk for oral cancer in a wide range of oral precancerous
lesions. By contrast, histological grading of the same lesions does not
give any prognostic information. The clinical value of an early
identification of oral lesions with malignant cell clones is
substantiated by the fact that there are methods for early intervention.
25
UI - 11803491
AU - Kiratli H; Bozkurt B; Mocan C
TI -
Peripapillary staphyloma associated with orofacial capillary hemangioma.
SO - Ophthalmic Genet 2001 Dec;22(4):249-53
AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine,
Ankara, Turkey. hayyamk@ttnet.net.tr
Peripapillary staphyloma is usually unassociated with other ocular and
systemic anomalies. A 5-year-old girl presented with peripapillary
staphyloma in association with extensive ipsilateral orofacial capillary
hemangioma involving the right forehead, right upper and lower eyelids,
the right cheek, and the hard palate. She had received oral
corticosteroids to induce regression of the hemangiomas at six months of
age. On our examination, her visual acuity was counting fingers at two
meters right eye and 20/20 left eye. She had mild right upper eyelid
ptosis and right exotropia. Imaging studies did not show any central
nervous system abnormality. There has been no progression or contraction
in the staphylomatous lesion during 24 months of follow-up. Like the
morning glory disk anomaly, peripapillary staphyloma may be associated
with facial capillary hemangioma.
26
UI - 11807792
AU - Nagpal JK; Patnaik S; Das BR
TI -
Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus types and its association
with P53 codon 72 polymorphism in tobacco addicted oral squamous cell
carcinoma (OSCC) patients of Eastern India.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Feb 10;97(5):649-53
AD - Molecular Oncology and Medical Biotechnology Division, Institute of Life
Sciences, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects the squamous epithelial cells of oral
cavity and cervix leading to formation of warts that develops into the
cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and 18 encode E6 oncoprotein,
which binds to and induces degradation of the tumour suppressor protein
p53. A common polymorphism of p53, encoding either proline (Pro) or
arginine (Arg) at position 72, affects the susceptibility of p53 to E6
mediated degradation in vivo. Oral cancer is a pressing problem in India
due to the widespread habit of chewing betel quid, which plays an
important role in etiology of this disease. In the present study an
attempt has been made to analyze the genetic predisposition of the
Indian population to HPV infection and oral carcinogenesis. In our study
a total of 110 cases of Oral Cancer highly addicted to betel quid and
tobacco chewing are analyzed for HPV 16/18 infection and its association
with polymorphism at p53 codon 72. Of these a total number of 37
patients (33.6%) have shown the presence of HPV, among which the
presence of HPV-16, 18 and 16/18 coinfection is 22.7%, 14.5% and 10%,
respectively. Our results also indicate that the p53 codon 72 genotype
frequencies in Indian Oral Cancer patients are 0.55 (Arg) and 0.45 (Pro)
as per Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In our study, striking reduction in
Pro/Pro allele frequency has been found in HPV positive cases,
indicating Arg/Arg genotype to be more susceptible to HPV infection and
oral carcinogenesis. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
27
UI - 11420564
AU - Orlando A; Salerno P; Tarsitani G
TI -
[Opinions and attitudes on oral cancer in a sample of students attending
a state secondary school in Rome. A pilot study]
SO - Minerva Stomatol 2001 May;50(5):139-43
AD - Istituto di Igiene G. Sanarelli, Universita degli Studi La Sapienza,
Rome, Italy.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness in a
group of secondary school students on the subject of risk factors and
strategies used in the prevention of oral cancer. METHODS: The study
took the form of a questionnaire which was filled in by a group of 106
secondary school students. The questionnaire was divided into 3
sections: the first analysed the general characteristics of the sample
population; the second investigated their knowledge on the specific
subject of this study; the last regarded exposure to risk factors and
the role played by the dentist and family doctor in the prevention of
oral cancer. RESULTS: Of the 106 students taking part in the study, 42%
were male and 58% female. 30% of the group felt it was not possible to
prevent cancer in general. 6% associated cigarette smoking with oral
cancer, whereas 15% identified alcohol as a risk factor for the same
pathology. 30% of the group thought that it was not possible to prevent
oral cancer. In the event of a suspected oral lesion, 44% would consult
the family doctor, 25% would go to the dentist and 3% to a dental
technician. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need improve
knowledge of prevention methods in oral cancer. Although young people do
not have a high risk of developing oral cancer, they represent a means
of conveying information in a social and familial context, thus enabling
an early diagnosis, and they also represent the preferred target for
primary prevention activities.
28
UI - 11420566
AU - Colella G; Cozzolino A; Santagata M; Vicidomini A; Itro A
TI -
[Circulating biomarkers association in the follow-up of patients with
oral cancer]
SO - Minerva Stomatol 2001 May;50(5):151-6
AD - Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Istituto di Chirurgia Orale e
Max
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