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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer - February 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: February 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11519377
AU - Leibovitch I; Lev R; Mor Y; Golomb J; Dotan ZA; Ramon J
TI -
Extensive necrosis in renal cell carcinoma specimens: potential clinical
and prognostic implications.
SO - Isr Med Assoc J 2001 Aug;3(8):563-5
AD - Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
ilanl1@isdn.net.il
BACKGROUND: Extensive necrosis is rare in primary renal cell carcinoma.
This finding may reflect the biological characteristics of the carcinoma
and therefore could be of prognostic and clinical value. OBJECTIVES: To
assess the incidence of necrosis in renal cell carcinoma and its
potential prognostic value. METHODS: We conducted a consecutive
retrospective study of 173 patients after radical nephrectomy for renal
cell carcinoma. Clinical and pathological data were collected from
hospital medical records and compiled into a computerized database.
RESULTS: Extensive necrosis was found in 31 tumor specimens (17.9%).
Univariate analysis showed that the specimens with extensive necrosis
were significantly larger and manifested more perirenal and venous
extension than the tumors without necrosis. The size of the renal tumor
was the only parameter that remained significant in multivariate
analysis (P = 0.0001). Overall disease-free survival did not differ
significantly between patients with necrotic tumors and those without
(68% and 66% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The finding of extensive
necrosis in renal cell carcinoma specimens does not seem to be related
to tumor biology but rather may reflect the relation between size and
vascularity of the tumor.
2
UI - 11734338
AU - Teratani T; Watanabe T; Kuwahara F; Kumagai H; Kobayashi S; Aoki U;
TI -
Ishikawa A; Arai K; Nozawa R
Induced transcriptional expression of calcium-binding protein S100A1 and
S100A10 genes in human renal cell carcinoma.
SO - Cancer Lett 2002 Jan 10;175(1):71-7
AD - Laboratory of Host Defenses, Graduate School of Health Science,
University of Shizuoka, Yada, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan.
Expression of 16 S100 family calcium-binding protein genes was evaluated
by PCR in ten human tissue cDNA libraries. Six to 12 S100 genes were
expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Then, the expression in the
surgically resected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a cultured RCC cell
line was studied by RT-PCR. Although eight to nine S100 genes were
transcribed in the normal kidney library and non-cancerous part of
resected kidney tumors, S100A1 and S100A10 genes were not expressed.
However, these genes were newly expressed in the RCC lesions (n=7) and
the RCC cell line, indicating that expression of S100A1 and S100A10
genes is accompanied by RCC.
3
UI - 11794938
AU - Friedman E; Kopolovic J
TI -
Renal cell carcinoma.
SO - Isr Med Assoc J 2001 Dec;3(12):988, 989
4
UI - 11641973
AU - Atduev VA; Shakhov EV; Ovchinnikov VA; Kamaeva LM
TI -
[Organ-salvaging operations in tumors of renal parenchyma]
SO - Urologiia 2001 Sep-Oct;(5):19-22
An original method of kidney resection with the use of ultrasonic
surgical destructor-aspirator is proposed. The method was applied in the
treatment of 19 patients (20 renal resections and 1 tumor enucleation).
No complications occurred. The use of ultrasonic destructoraspirator in
renal resection enabled isolation of all the intraparenchymatous tubal
structures of the kidney, each of them could be ligated and cut if
visualization is adequate. This provided a complete hemostasis on the
wound surface of the kidney and hemostatic suturing of the kidney wound
became unnecessary. This method of renal resection reduced hospital stay
of the patients because they had no hemorrhages, purulent complications
and urinary fistulas.
5
UI - 11775224
AU - Zhuang L; Guo H; Xin D; Zhang Z; Li H; Yuan X; Tang D; Ding Y; Liu L;
TI -
Guo Y
Different Wnt-5A gene expressions in the renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cell
line during the cell cycle.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2000 Apr;113(4):306-9
AD - Urological Department, First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Beijing
Medical University, Beijing 100034, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression at transcription level of
growth factor Wnt-5A in different phase during the cell cycle. METHODS:
We synchronized the renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cell line by double
thymidine blocks and high-pressure N2O gae methods and amplified Wnt-5A
cDNAs from different phase using Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). The PCR products were
electrophoresized on the agrose gel and detected by Gel Doc 1000
computer controlled system integrating the volumes of each band,
representing the intensities of all pixels in a defined band. RESULTS:
The different mRNA expressions of growth factor Wnt-5A was detected in
RCC GRC-1 cell line. In S phase, the highest level of Wnt-5A transcript
was observed, and in G1 and M phase, medial and lowest, respectively.
The differences between S and M stages were statistically significant (P
< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Growth factor Wnt-5A has the potential effect on
tumorigenesis. It contributes to all phases during cell cycle but in S
phase especially.
6
UI - 11810927
AU - Pasechnik DG
TI -
[Modern histological classification of renal neoplasms]
SO - Arkh Patol 2001 Nov-Dec;63(6):50-5
AD - State Medical University, 344029, Rostov/Don.
The review presents current literary information on basic forms of
kidney cancer (clear cell carcinoma, chromophil or papillary cancer,
chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, oncocytoma, Bellini carcinoma,
sarcomatoid carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma), their morphological
characteristics and principles of classification. Modern histological
classification of renal cancer is based on immunohistochemical evidence
on markers of various nephron segments, this allowing to specify
histogenesis of separate forms of renal cell carcinoma. In addition,
cytogenetic studies of renal carcinoma reveal correlations between
genetic changes in cancer cells and tumor phenotype found at light
microscopy. Thus, current classification of renal carcinoma
characterizes biology of these neoplasms. This should be taken into
account in prognostication and design of new treatment methods.
7
UI - 11503213
AU - Klade CS; Voss T; Krystek E; Ahorn H; Zatloukal K; Pummer K; Adolf GR
TI -
Identification of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma by serological
proteome analysis.
SO - Proteomics 2001 Jul;1(7):890-8
AD - Boehringer Ingelheim, Research and Development, Vienna, Austria.
cklade@intercell.co.at
We have investigated the suitability of proteomics for identification of
tumor-associated antigens. First, we compared the proteomes of
nontumorous kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis (2-DE) and silver staining. Protein patterns were
markedly different (approximately 800 spots in RCCs versus approximately
1400 spots in kidney). 2-DE immunoblotting revealed five RCC-specific
spots, reproducibly reactive with RCC-patient but not healthy donor
control sera. Two of these antigens were isolated by preparative 2-DE,
and identified by Edman sequencing of tryptic peptides. The first
antigen, smooth muscle protein 22-alpha (SM22-alpha), is an
actin-binding protein of unknown function predominantly expressed in
smooth muscle cells. In situ hybridization revealed that SM22-alpha is
not expressed in the malignant cells but in mesenchymal cells of the
tumor stroma. The second antigen represents carbonic anhydrase I (CAI),
an isoform usually not expressed in kidney. Interestingly, a different
isoform (CAXII) has previously been identified by serological expression
cloning as an antigen overexpressed in some RCCs. In additional assays,
antibodies to recombinant CAI or SM22-alpha were detected in sera from
3/11 or 5/11 RCC patients, respectively, whereas sera from 13 healthy
individuals did not react. In conclusion, serological proteome analysis
may be a new tool for the identification of tumor-associated antigens.
8
UI - 11561679
AU - Zon RT; McClean J; Helman D; Ansari R; Picus J; Sandler A; Williams SD;
TI -
Loehrer PJ Sr
Altretamine for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A
Hoosier Oncology Group trial.
SO - Invest New Drugs 2001;19(3):229-31
AD - Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis 46202-5298, USA.
Thirty patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated on a
phase 11 trial with altretamine. Altretamine was administered orally at
a dosage of 260 mg/m2 days 1 through 14 with cycles repeated every 28
days. Nausea and vomiting were the most common toxicities. Ten percent
(3 of 30) experienced Grade 3 gait abnormalities. None of the thirty
evaluable patients achieved a complete or partial response. In summary,
altretamine did not show antitumor activity in the treatment of advanced
renal cell carcinoma.
9
UI - 11561684
AU - Vogelzang NJ; Aklilu M; Stadler WM; Dumas MC; Mikulski SM
TI -
A phase II trial of weekly intravenous ranpirnase (Onconase), a novel
ribonuclease in patients with metastatic kidney cancer.
SO - Invest New Drugs 2001;19(3):255-60
AD - Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
nvogelza@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
Ranpirnase (Onconase) is the first ribonuclease to enter cancer clinical
trials. In prior phase II trials, responses were seen in mesothelioma
and other solid tumors. This phase II trial tested ranpirnase (480
microg/m2/w) in 14 patients with refractory advanced renal cell cancer.
The median performance status was zero and the median age was 55. All
patients had prior immunotherapy and three had prior chemotherapy. No
responses were seen in 14 patients. The median survival from on study
was 16 months (range two to 28 months). At this dose and schedule
ranpirnase has minimal activity in metastatic renal cell cancer.
10
UI - 11776380
AU - Podolski J; Byrski T; Zajaczek S; Druck T; Zimonjic DB; Popescu NC; Kata
TI -
G; Borowka A; Gronwald J; Lubinski J; Huebner K
Characterization of a familial RCC-associated t(2;3)(q33;q21) chromosome
translocation.
SO - J Hum Genet 2001;46(12):685-93
AD - Department of Human Ecology, University of Szczecin, Poland.
A Polish family was identified in which multifocal clear cell renal
carcinoma segregated with a balanced constitutional chromosome
translocation, t(2:3)(q33;q21), similar to the renal cell
cancer-associated t(2;3)(q35;q21) reported in a Dutch family. Bacterial
artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs encompassing the 2q and 3q
breakpoints were constructed and BACs crossing the breakpoints were
partially sequenced. All known regional markers, genes, and expressed
sequence tags (ESTs) were mapped relative to the contigs, as well as to
the breakpoint sequences. Two single ESTs mapped within the 2q
breakpoint BAC, whereas the repeat-rich 3q breakpoint region was gene
poor. Physical mapping suggested that the 3q break was in 3q13, possibly
near the border with 3q21. Physical mapping illustrated that the 2q
break was closely telomeric to the 2q31 FRA2G site, consistent with the
G-band assignment. Characterization of full-length cDNAs for the ESTs
near the 2q break will determine if a gene(s) is altered by this
familial translocation.
11
UI - 11464111
AU - Wunderlich H; Wilhelm S; Reichelt O; Zermann DH; Borner R; Schubert J
TI -
Renal cell carcinoma in renal graft recipients and donors: incidence and
consequence.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(1):24-7
AD - Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies have reported an
increasing incidence of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC). De novo RCC in
a renal allograft is a rare event and has special implications in renal
transplant recipients. The objective of this study was to
retrospectively evaluate the incidence of RCC in renal graft recipients
and donors and to determine a procedure in cases with newly detected
small renal tumors at the time of kidney preparation before
transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to 38
German transplant clinics and received answers from 27 centers. A total
of 10,997 renal graft recipients were included in the period of
1990-1998. RESULTS: In 30 kidneys (0.273%) RCC was detected at the time
of preparation before transplantation. There were 23 male and 3 female
donors. No bilateral RCC was described. The mean age of the donors with
RCC was 50.9 years (range 37-72 years). The tumors had a mean size of
2.2 cm (range 0.4-6 cm). 67% of the patients had a renal tumor smaller
than 20 mm. In 26/27 centers the decision to transplant relies on the
result of the immediate section for microscopic examination. 16 patients
(0.145%) developed RCC 3-12 years after renal transplantation (mean 7.4
years). The mean tumor size was 2.5 cm (range 2-2.8 cm). In 50% a grade
1 and in the other 50% a grade 2 carcinoma was found. CONCLUSIONS:
Because of the RCC incidence in donor candidates we recommend an
ultrasound screening of the native kidneys before renal explantation and
an immediate preparation of the kidney surface especially in donors
older than 45 years. In cases with small renal lesions we recommend an
immediate section for microscopic examination before transplantation to
prevent tumor implantation into an otherwise healthy patient. The
frequency of RCCs after renal transplantation necessitates careful
clinical and instrumental examinations in organ-transplanted recipients
both before and at regular intervals after transplantation, including
the patient's kidneys. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
12
UI - 11464112
AU - Khaitan A; Hemal AK; Seth A; Gupta NP; Gulati MS; Dogra PN
TI -
Management of renal angiomyolipoma in complex clinical situations.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(1):28-33
AD - Department of Urology and Radiology, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is associated with complex clinical
situations such as tumour in a solitary kidney, bilateral, large or
multicentric tumours or those associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS) or
pregnancy. Management in these situations may be challenging. Fifteen
patients (20 kidneys) were admitted with symptomatic AML over last 10
years. Eleven patients had one or the other complicating factor. Ten
patients had a tumour of >10 cm, 4 had TS, 5 had multiple and bilateral
tumours, 1 patient was pregnant and 1 had a solitary functioning kidney.
With the newer imaging modalities correct diagnosis was possible in 12
cases and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was suspected in 3 cases. Selective
angioembolization (SAE) was done in 3 patients, which successfully
controlled bleeding in all. Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) was performed
in 5 patients. Total nephrectomy was done in 4 cases, in 3 due to
suspicion of RCC and in 1 due to extensive involvement of the kidney.
Three patients with multiple and bilateral tumours were chosen for
conservative treatment and none developed recurrence of bleeding on
strict follow-up. In a pregnant patient, bleeding was successfully
controlled with angioembolization. However, 1 patient with a solitary
functioning kidney with large-sized tumour (20 x 18 cm) underwent NSS.
In conclusion, the basis of management of AML is preservation of renal
tissue, which can be effectively achieved with SAE or NSS. In a solitary
functioning kidney, NSS or SAE is the ideal treatment, if feasible. The
patients in the TS group are usually more complicated and require
life-long follow-up after initial management with NSS or SAE. Pregnant
AML patients can be safely managed with SAE. Conservative treatment
without any intervention and regular follow-up may be more helpful in
some patients with multiple, bilateral extensive tumours. Copyright 2001
S. Karger AG, Basel
13
UI - 11490206
AU - Ficarra V; Righetti R; Martignoni G; D'Amico A; Pilloni S; Rubilotta E;
TI -
Malossini G; Mobilio G
Prognostic value of renal cell carcinoma nuclear grading: multivariate
analysis of 333 cases.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(2):130-4
AD - Department of Urology, University of Verona, Italy.
vincenzoficarra@hotmail.com
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the independent predictive value of the nuclear
grading system according to Fuhrman in relation to the disease-specific
survival of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND
METHODS: 333 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal clear
cell carcinoma between 1983 and 1999 were evaluated. In all patients we
retrospectively studied nuclear grading, average tumor size,
multifocality, pathologic stage of primary tumor, vein invasion, lymph
node involvement and distant metastases. The Kaplan-Meier method was
applied to evaluate disease-specific survival rates. The log rank test
was used to compare survival curves and for univariate analysis. The Cox
proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: Histologic grade was G1 in 83 cases (25%), G2 in 117 cases
(35%), G3 in 110 cases (33%) and G4 in 23 cases (7%). Our data showed
that nuclear grading according to Fuhrman is related to medium tumor
size (p < 0.0001), pathologic stage of cancer (p < 0.001), venous system
invasion (p < 0.001), lymph node involvement (p < 0.001) and distant
metastases (p < 0.001). The disease-specific survival after 5 and 10
years was 94 and 88%, respectively, in patients with G1, 86 and 75% in
patients with G2, 59 and 40% in patients with G3 and 31% in patients
with G4 (log rank p value < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that
nuclear grading by Fuhrman has a prognostic independent predictive value
(hazard ratio = 1.8461, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear grading is an
important independent predictive factor of disease-specific survival in
patients with renal cell carcinoma. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
14
UI - 11490207
AU - Koga F; Nagamatsu H; Ishimaru H; Mizuo T; Yoshida K
TI -
Risk factors for the development of bladder transitional cell carcinoma
following surgery for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary
tract.
SO - Urol Int 2001;67(2):135-41
AD - Department of Urology, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
f-koga@wine.plala.or.jp
To determine the risk factors for development of transitional cell
carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder (BTCC) following surgery for TCC of the
upper urinary tract (UUT-TCC) in patients without history of BTCC, 85
patients surgically treated for UUT-TCC (34 female, 51 male; median age
66, range 42-85 years) were reviewed retrospectively. The Cox
proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of
relevant clinicopathologic factors with BTCC-free survival in patients
without a history of BTCC and TCC-specific survival in all. Median
follow-up duration was 35 (range 1-193) months. Six patients (7%) had
previous histories of BTCC, and 6 others (7%) had concurrent BTCC at the
time of surgery for UUT-TCC. Of 70 patients who had no history of BTCC
and underwent follow-up cystoscopy, 24 (34%) developed BTCC during
follow-up after surgery. Univariate analysis identified female sex,
postoperative systemic chemotherapy, and incomplete distal ureterectomy
as significant risk factors for new development of BTCC. After
multivariate analysis adjusted for age and pathological (p) T stage in
the TNM classification, all three factors remained significant, with
respective hazard ratios of 5.56 (95% confidence interval (CI),
1.99-15.6; p = 0.001), 3.19 (95% CI, 1.34-7.62; p = 0.009) and 2.99 (95%
CI, 1.08-8.26; p = 0.03). Only pT stage was a significant independent
risk factor for TCC-specific death. Female sex and postoperative
systemic chemotherapy, as well as incomplete distal ureterectomy, are
possible riks factors for development of BTCC following surgery for
UUT-TCC. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
15
UI - 11813698
AU - Wartenberg D; Siegel Scott C
TI -
Carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene.
SO - Environ Health Perspect 2002 Jan;110(1):A13-4
16
UI - 11796275
AU - Sawai Y; Kinouchi T; Mano M; Meguro N; Maeda O; Kuroda M; Usami M
TI -
Ipsilateral adrenal involvement from renal cell carcinoma: retrospective
study of the predictive value of computed tomography.
SO - Urology 2002 Jan;59(1):28-31
AD - Department of Radiology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and
Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the radiologic evidence of adrenal involvement on
computed tomography (CT) with pathologic reports and to assess the
accuracy of CT in the diagnosis of adrenal involvement with renal cell
patients with renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we retrospectively
analyzed 73 patients who had been examined by CT before surgery and had
undergone radical nephrectomy, including removal of the ipsilateral
adrenal gland. The abnormal integrity of the adrenal glands on CT and
the pathologic adrenal involvement of renal cell carcinoma were
demonstrated by a radiologist and pathologist, respectively. RESULTS:
The blinded review by a radiologist of the CT results of 73 patients
with renal cell carcinoma identified a normal appearance of the
ipsilateral adrenal gland in 54 patients (74%), none of whom had
pathologic evidence of malignant involvement. The adrenal gland was
diagnosed as abnormal on CT in 19 patients (26%), including enlargement
in 7 patients, nodule formation in 7, and an irregular surface in 8. Two
of these 19 patients had adrenal involvement. Both were staged at T3M1,
and their primary tumors were large, measuring more than 10 cm. In this
study, CT demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 76% specificity, 11% positive
predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for ipsilateral
adrenal involvement of renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Normal adrenal
images on CT could exclude adrenal involvement by renal cell carcinoma.
However, radical nephrectomy, including removal of the ipsilateral
adrenal gland, should be performed in patients with large tumors.
17
UI - 11796271
AU - Ng CS; Novick AC; Tannenbaum CS; Bukowski RM; Finke JH
TI -
Mechanisms of immune evasion by renal cell carcinoma: tumor-induced
T-lymphocyte apoptosis and NFkappaB suppression.
SO - Urology 2002 Jan;59(1):9-14
AD - Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
18
UI - 11800647
AU - Makhlouf HR; Ishak KG; Shekar R; Sesterhenn IA; Young DY; Fanburg-Smith
TI -
JC
Melanoma markers in angiomyolipoma of the liver and kidney: a
comparative study.
SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002 Jan;126(1):49-55
AD - Department of Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Pathology, Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
CONTEXT: Melanoma markers, especially the new microphthalmia
transcription factor (mitf), have not been previously compared in
hepatic and renal angiomyolipomas. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate expression of
the novel melanocytic markers mitf and tyrosinase in angiomyolipomas,
and to compare these markers with the established markers HMB-45 and
melan-A in both hepatic and renal tumors. DESIGN: Clinical,
histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 15 hepatic
angiomyolipomas were compared with those of 10 renal angiomyolipomas.
RESULTS: No significant differences between patients with hepatic
angiomyolipomas and renal angiomyolipomas were found with respect to
age, gender, race, and tumor size. Hepatic angiomyolipomas exhibited a
predominance of the epithelioid smooth muscle cell component, in
contrast to their renal counterparts, which were predominantly spindled.
The smooth muscle cells expressed HMB-45 in 100% of cases in both
groups, melan-A in 14 of 15 hepatic angiomyolipomas and 8 of 9 renal
angiomyolipomas, mitf in 5 of 12 hepatic angiomyolipomas versus 6 of 10
renal angiomyolipomas, and tyrosinase in 3 of 12 and 2 of 10 hepatic
angiomyolipomas and renal angiomyolipomas, respectively. The extent and
intensity of immunostaining with HMB-45 and melan-A were dependent on
whether spindled or epithelioid cells predominated; the epithelioid
cells showed stronger and more widespread reactivity than the spindled
cells.CONCLUSION: We believe that the best immunohistochemical marker
for confirming the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma is HMB-45, followed by
melan-A. Routine use of mitf and/or tyrosinase is not indicated.
19
UI - 11743661
AU - Kaufmann R; Junker U; Nuske K; Westermann M; Henklein P; Scheele J;
TI -
Junker K
PAR-1- and PAR-3-type thrombin receptor expression in primary cultures
of human renal cell carcinoma cells.
SO - Int J Oncol 2002 Jan;20(1):177-80
AD - Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Faculty at the
Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
roland.kaufmann@med.uni-jena.de
In this study, we report coexpression of proteinase-activated receptor
(PAR)-1- and PAR-3-type thrombin receptors in primary cultures obtained
from surgically resected specimens of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs).
Receptor expression on RNA level was evaluated by using the RT-PCR
technique. Results demonstrated the presence of mRNA encoding PAR-1 and
PAR-3, but mRNA encoding PAR-4 could not be found in human RCC cells.
The expression of PAR-1 and PAR-3 on protein level was investigated with
confocal laser fluorescence and freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
Both thrombin receptor types were localized on the cell membrane but
were also found on intracellular compartments of RCC cells. On the outer
cell membrane, clustering of PAR-1 and PAR-3 molecules was partly
observed. This is the first study demonstrating presence of both PAR-1
and PAR-3 in human carcinoma cells.
20
UI - 11780196
AU - Zang T; Zhuang L; Zhang Z; Xin D; Guo Y
TI -
Expression of beta-catenin in renal cell carcinoma.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2001 Feb;114(2):152-4
AD - Department of Urology, First Hospital, Beijing Medical University,
Institute of Urology, Beijing 100034, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of beta-catenin and its mRNA in
renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Twenty-six cases with renal cell
carcinoma (RCC) were studied by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and
RT-PCR. RESULTS: We found the expression of beta-catenis is higher in
cancer tissues than in normal kidney tissues and the level of
beta-catenin is associated with the tumor stage. Its expression in tumor
of pT3 and pT4 is obviously higher than pT1 and pT2 (P < 0.01). That is
to say, there was an overexpression of beta-catenin protein in RCC and
its level was related to the tumor stage, but the expression of
beta-catenin mRNA had no difference between tumor tissue and normal
tissue. CONCLUSION: beta-catenin may be related to the occurrence and
progress of RCC.
21
UI - 11772233
AU - Fishman M; Seigne J; Antonia S
TI -
Novel therapies for renal cell carcinoma.
SO - Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001 Jun;10(6):1033-44
AD - H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South
Florida, Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa,
FL 33612, USA.
Metastatic renal cell cancer remains a disease which is difficult to
treat medically. Prognosis often depends more on intrinsic disease
features than on treatment choices. In this review, we examine novel
therapies and scientific directions surrounding the RCC treatment
problem. Reports relating chromosomal aberrations and of comparative
gene expression analyses relating to RCC, are reviewed briefly. The
central role of the von Hippel Lindau protein in clear cell RCC
pathogenesis is evident. The limited contribution of conventional
cytotoxic chemotherapy is mentioned. Some clinically applied agents
whose clinical results are highlighted include 5-FU, retinoids,
thalidomide, razoxane and IL-12. Features of the pathophysiology of von
Hippel Lindau protein are described, with attention to potential novel
therapies targeting HIF-1alpha, VEGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-alpha pathways.
Immunotherapy is being explored in many angles. Most basic are cytokine
therapies incorporating new IL-2 and IFN-alpha schedules. Newer
cytokine-based drugs include pegylated forms and IL-12. Allogeneic
mini-transplantation has generated much interest. Tumour-associated
antigens are being used to direct therapy using both identified and
non-identified epitopes. A variety of tumour-cell vaccine and
dendritic-cell vaccine clinical approaches are discussed. Finally,
nephrectomy for known metastatic disease has been demonstrated to be
helpful in retrospective and now prospective trials. Resection of
metastases is also discussed. We are optimistic that the further
clinical development among these novel therapies will improve the
outlook for metastatic RCC.
22
UI - 11690558
AU - Murakami Y; Kanda K; Yokota K; Kanayama H; Kagawa S
TI -
Prognostic significance of immuno-proteosome subunit expression in
patients with renal-cell carcinoma: a preliminary study.
SO - Mol Urol 2001 Autumn;5(3):113-9
AD - Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima,
Tokushima, Japan. ymura@nb.tcn.ne.jp
Our purpose was to elucidate the clinical roles of the
"immuno-proteosome," which is involved in the accelerated pathway of the
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen
presentation system, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The relative
expression of six proteosome subunits (existing subunits X, Y, and Z and
immunoproteosome subunits LMP7, LMP2, and MECL1) in 54 RCCs was
investigated using RT-PCR analysis and was compared with
clinicopathological measures, including patient outcome. Expression of
the LMP7 and LMP2 genes was significantly low in high-grade tumors, and
that of the LMP7 and MECL1 genes was significantly low in high-stage
tumors. Low levels of LMP7, LMP2, and MECL1 expression were strongly
associated with shortened survival (LMP7: P = 0.0002, LMP2: P < 0.0001,
MECL1: P < 0.0047). The levels of subunits X, Y, and Z had no
significant correlation with those measures. These findings suggest that
RCCs with low level of immuno-proteosome subunit expression have a
disorder in their antigen-presentation system. As a consequence, they
may escape from immune surveillance and worsen patient outcome.
23
UI - 11756220
AU - Kamiya Y; Puzianowska-Kuznicka M; McPhie P; Nauman J; Cheng SY; Nauman A
TI -
Expression of mutant thyroid hormone nuclear receptors is associated
with human renal clear cell carcinoma.
SO - Carcinogenesis 2002 Jan;23(1):25-33
AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD
20892-4255, USA.
Thyroid hormone (T(3)) regulates proliferation and differentiation of
cells, via its nuclear receptors (TRs). These processes have been shown
to be abnormally regulated during carcinogenesis. We have previously
found aberrant expression of TRalpha and TRbeta mRNAs in renal clear
cell carcinoma (RCCC), suggesting possible involvement of TRs in the
carcinogenesis of RCCC. To understand the molecular actions of TRs in
RCCC, cDNAs for TRbeta1 and TRalpha1 were cloned from 22 RCCC tissues
and 20 surrounding normal tissues. Mutations were found in seven TRbeta1
and three TRalpha1 cDNAs. Two TRbeta1 cDNAs had a single mutation, while
five TRbeta1 and three TRalpha1 had two or three mutations. Most of the
mutations were localized in the hormone-binding domain. Using the TRs
prepared by in vitro transcription/translation, we found that these
mutations led to a loss of T(3) binding activity and/or impairment in
binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). Furthermore,
nuclear extracts from RCCC tissues also exhibited impairment in binding
to TREs. These results indicate that the normal functions of TRs in RCCC
tissues were impaired. Together with the aberrant expression patterns,
these mutated TRs could contribute to the carcinogenesis of RCCC.
24
UI - 11809699
AU - Falk CS; Noessner E; Weiss EH; Schendel DJ
TI -
Retaliation against tumor cells showing aberrant HLA expression using
lymphokine activated killer-derived T cells.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 Jan 15;62(2):480-7
AD - Institute of Molecular Immunology, GSF National Research Center for the
Environment and Health, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells represent mixtures of natural
killer (NK) and non-MHC-restricted CTLs that have the capacity to lyse a
variety of tumor cells and MHC class I-negative target cells. Although
it is clear that NK cells are negatively regulated by interactions with
MHC class Ia or class Ib molecules, the regulation of LAK-derived T
cells has not been clarified to date. In the studies presented here, we
demonstrate that IFN-gamma treatment of tumor cells can induce their
resistance to LAK-derived T cells in a manner similar to that seen for
NK cells. The IFN-gamma-mediated suppression of LAK activity correlates
with increased MHC class I expression by the tumor cells, and the
inhibition of LAK-mediated cytotoxicity can be reversed in the presence
of class I-specific antibody. Furthermore, the expression of MHC class
Ia or class Ib molecules in class I-negative cell lines can reduce their
susceptibility to LAK-mediated cytotoxicity. This principle of negative
regulation by MHC class I molecules applies to LAK-derived T cells
generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of renal cell carcinoma
patients and healthy, control donors. Although LAK-derived T cells can
be inhibited in their lytic activity through interactions with MHC class
Ia and class Ib molecules, they do not express the known inhibitory
receptors specific for these ligands that are found on NK cells.
Apparently, LAK-derived T cells are negatively regulated by as yet
undefined inhibitory receptors.
25
UI - 11823974
AU - Kraus S; Abel PD; Nachtmann C; Linsenmann HJ; Weidner W; Stamp GW;
TI -
Chaudhary KS; Mitchell SE; Franke FE; Lalani el-N
MUC1 mucin and trefoil factor 1 protein expression in renal cell
carcinoma: correlation with prognosis.
SO - Hum Pathol 2002 Jan;33(1):60-7
AD - Department of Urology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
This study examines the coexpression of MUC1 mucin and trefoil factor 1
(TFF1) and their relationship to progression of renal cell carcinoma
(RCC). Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor and adjacent normal
tissue from clear-cell RCC (n = 60) and tissues from normal controls (n
= 5) using a set of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies recognizing
different epitopes of MUC1 and TFF1. Results of immunohistochemistry
were compared with clinical parameters, including tumor grade, tumor
size, presence of metastasis, and progression-free survival of patients
after surgery. In normal tissue, MUC1 and TFF1 were absent from the
normal proximal tubular epithelium but were identified in distal and
collecting tubular epithelium. In RCC, increased MUC1 expression
positively correlated to tumor progression. MUC1 recognized by HMFG1 was
associated with large tumor size (P < .05), distant metastasis (P <
.05), and invasion of large veins (P < .05). Expression of the
under-glycosylated form of MUC1 recognized by SM3 was found to correlate
to time to progression (recurrence, metastasis, or death of patient; P <
.001). Expression of TFF1 did not significantly correlate with any
prognostic parameters. However, there was a significant correlation (P <
.01) between TFF1 and MUC1 expression (HMFG2 epitope) in RCCs. These
results are consistent with the following conclusions: (1) MUC1 may be
an independent prognostic marker in RCC; (2) TFF1 is frequently
coexpressed with MUC1 and may act synergistically; and (3) RCC may
originate from distal tubular epithelium. Copyright 2002 by W.B.
Saunders Company
26
UI - 11823975
AU - Krishnan B; Truong LD
TI -
Renal epithelial neoplasms: the diagnostic implications of electron
microscopic study in 55 cases.
SO - Hum Pathol 2002 Jan;33(1):68-79
AD - Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
77030, USA.
Several unsettled histogenetic, nosologic and diagnostic considerations
for renal epithelial tumors may have ultrastructural ramifications. Yet,
a comprehensive electron microscopic study of renal epithelial
neoplasms, in light of the recent classification, is not available. The
ultrastructural findings from fifty-five renal epithelial neoplasms [31
clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 11 papillary RCC, 5 chromophobe
RCC, 3 sarcomatoid RCC and 5 oncocytomas] were correlated with their
light microscopic appearance. Clear cell RCC showed long microvilli
similar to the brush border of the normal proximal tubules, with
abundant cytoplasmic lipid and glycogen. Papillary RCC showed variably
sized microvilli, and small amounts of cytoplasmic lipid, but no
glycogen. Chromophobe RCC showed many cytoplasmic vesicles and abnormal
mitochondria, with rare short and stubby microvilli. Renal oncocytoma
showed many mitochondria with a few vesicles in the apical portion of
the cytoplasm and rare short and stubby microvilli. The eosinophilic
cell variants of clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC
showed ultrastructural features similar to those of their respective
prototypes, except for an increased numbers of mitochondria in the
cytoplasm. One sarcomatoid clear cell RCC showed skeletal muscle
differentiation. Two types of cytoplasmic inclusions, i.e. hyaline
globules and granules similar to those in the Paneth cells (PC-like
granules) were identified only in clear cell RCC, which displayed
distinctive ultrastructural features. The current EM study demonstrates
distinctive ultrastructural features of renal epithelial neoplasms. The
findings lend additional support to the current classification of the
pertinent tumor types, facilitate the differential diagnoses, and
provide insights into the possible histogenesis of renal epithelial
neoplasms. Copyright 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company
27
UI - 11834387
AU - Shekarriz B; Upadhyay J; Shekarriz H; Goes A; Bianco FJ; Tiguert R;
TI -
Gheiler E; Wood DP Jr
Comparison of costs and complications of radical and partial nephrectomy
for treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma.
SO - Urology 2002 Feb;59(2):211-5
AD - Department of Urology, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos
Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the complications and costs of radical and
partial nephrectomy (PN) and to investigate the impact of increasing
experience on costs and complications during a 7-year period.
Nephron-sparing surgery has found increasing applications in the past
decade. PN has achieved similar long-term results in localized renal
cell carcinoma with respect to cancer control compared with radical
nephrectomy (RN). However, data are limited on the direct comparison of
complications and hospital costs between these two modalities. METHODS:
A retrospective case-matched study was performed comparing 60 RNs and 60
PNs during a 7-year period with respect to complications and hospital
costs. A longitudinal comparison was also performed between the various
periods to assess the impact of surgical experience on these parameters.
RESULTS: The mean length of stay was 6.4 +/- 3 days in the RN group and
6.4 +/- 3.3 days in the PN group. The hospital costs were comparable
between the two procedures during the observed interval. The mean
operative time was 176.6 +/- 51.6 minutes for RN and 220.1 +/- 59.6
minutes for PN (P = 0.0001). This difference was accentuated during the
observed period. No differences were found in the blood loss and
transfusion rates between the groups. The complication rate was 3.3% and
10% for RN and PN, respectively (P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest
that RN and PN can be performed with a similar rate of complications and
comparable hospital costs. This is of practical importance when
comparing these modalities as treatment options for localized renal cell
carcinoma.
28
UI - 11842961
AU - Mancini GJ; McQuay LA; Klein FA; Mancini ML
TI -
Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: comparison with
transabdominal radical nephrectomy.
SO - Am Surg 2002 Feb;68(2):151-3
AD - Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hand-assisted
laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALN) has benefits over the
traditional transabdominal radical nephrectomy. More specifically we
focused on the use of the hand-assisted technique as a definitive
oncologic procedure for renal cancers. This study is a retrospective
nonrandomized study comparing 12 hand-assisted laparoscopic radical
nephrectomies with 12 transabdominal radical nephrectomies. All patients
included in the study had the preoperative diagnosis of renal mass. HALN
population averaged 1.83 +/- 1.64 (mean +/- standard deviation) major
comorbidities versus 1.08 +/- 0.8 open (P = 0.032). The HALN OR time
averaged 103 +/- 32.8 versus 57 +/- 18.3 minutes open (P = 0.001). The
estimated blood loss mean for HALN was 83 versus 318 cm3 open (P =
0.001). Length of stay for HALN was 4.9 +/- 2.2 versus 5.9 +/- 2.9 days
(P = 0.35). Days to regular diet was 2.9 +/- 2.3 in HALN versus 3.5 +/-
2.11 open (P = 0.52). Days of intravenous pain medications were 1.8 +/-
0.72 HALN versus 3.0 +/- 1.28 open (P = 0.016). Postoperative
complication rates for the two groups were identical: two of 12 (ileus
and post-operative bleeding). Tumor size mean was 6.8 +/- 2.99 cm for
HALN versus 4.2 +/- 1.29 cm open (P = 0.012). Tumor margins were
negative for 12 of 12 in HALN versus 11 of 12 open. Selection bias
(selecting ailing patients to the HALN cohort) diminished the
statistical significance of our postoperative recovery data. It is
likely that a prospectively randomized study with a larger population
may prove the hand-assisted approach equal if not superior to the open
technique. The use of HALN in patients with renal tumors is an effective
alternative to traditional transabdominal radical nephrectomy.
29
UI - 11783059
AU - Yu L; Tang D; Ding Y
TI -
[Microsatellite instability in renal cell carcinoma and its mechanisms]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001 Jan;23(1):11-3
AD - Department of Urology, First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Beijing
Medical University, Beijing 100034, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of microsatellite instability (MSI)
in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its relationship with gene mutation.
METHODS: Tumor samples from 34 patients with RCC were analyzed for MSI
by PCR. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of mRNA of 5 human
mismatch repair (MMR) genes in RCC and RCC cell lines. Mutation of hMLH1
gene coding regions was detected by PCR-SSCP. PCR was used to check the
mutations of TGF-beta R II gene and BAX gene in 15 MSI-positive samples
of RCC. RESULTS: Microsatellite changes were detected in 15 of 34
patients with RCC (44.1%). It might be associated with the progression
of this disease. There were 3 of 15 MSI-positive RCC cases without
expression of MMR gene hMLH1, and in 3 of 15 cases its expression was
decreased. All 5 MMR genes were expressed in normal and RCC 949 cell
line. There were three mutations in 15 MSI-positive cases. Frame shift
mutation of TGF beta R II gene and BAX gene was found in 6 and 4 of the
15 cases with MSI, respectively, but it was not found in MSI-negative
RCC and normal tissue. CONCLUSION: MSI and expression of MMR genes are
associated events in RCC. The effect of gene mutation on tumorgenerasis
may be related to MSI.
30
UI - 11804895
AU - Herts BR; Coll DM; Novick AC; Obuchowski N; Linnell G; Wirth SL; Baker
TI -
ME
Enhancement characteristics of papillary renal neoplasms revealed on
triphasic helical CT of the kidneys.
SO - AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Feb;178(2):367-72
AD - Department of Radiology-H66, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500
Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether renal
tumor enhancement or heterogeneity on triphasic helical CT scans is
predictive of the papillary cell subtype or nuclear grade of renal cell
carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 90
consecutive patients with renal masses who had undergone triphasic renal
helical CT before a complete or partial nephrectomy (12 with papillary
renal cell carcinomas, 66 with nonpapillary renal cell carcinomas, and
12 with benign lesions). Three radiologists who were unaware of the
patients' diagnoses retrospectively and independently measured the
attenuation of each patient's tumor, abdominal aorta, and normal renal
parenchyma on the scans obtained during all three phases. Ratios of
tumor-to-aorta enhancement and tumor-to-normal renal parenchyma
enhancement were calculated for both of the phases performed after
contrast material had been administered. Tumor heterogeneity was
calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest attenuation
values divided by the value of the enhancement of the aorta. Values were
correlated with cell type and nuclear grade found at surgical pathology.
RESULTS: Low tumor-to-aorta enhancement and low tumor-to-normal renal
parenchyma enhancement ratios on the vascular phase scans significantly
correlated (p < 0.001) with papillary renal cell type carcinoma.
Homogeneity and tumor-to-parenchyma enhancement ratios on the
parenchymal phase scans also significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with
papillary renal cell type carcinoma. Heterogeneity and tumor enhancement
ratios did not correlate with the nuclear grade of the carcinoma.
CONCLUSION: Papillary renal cell carcinomas are typically hypovascular
and homogeneous. A high tumor-to-parenchyma enhancement ratio (> or =
25%) essentially excludes the possibility of a tumor being papillary
renal cell carcinoma. A low tumor-to-aorta enhancement ratio or
tumor-to-normal renal parenchyma enhancement ratio is more likely to
indicate papillary renal cell carcinoma.
31
UI - 11783026
AU - Kong X; Zeng L; Mi P
TI -
[Carcinoma of kidney collecting duct: an analysis of 10 cases]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001 Mar;23(2):162-4
AD - Institute of Urology, Beijing University, Beijing 100034, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of renal
collecting duct carcinoma (CDC). METHODS: A retrospective study was done
in 10 cases of CDC. RESULTS: Among 466 cases of renal cell carcinoma
10(2.1%) cases of CDC were identified. Seven presented with gross
hematuria and 3 with abdominal pain. Radical nephrectomy was done in 9
patients, enucleation of tumor in one. The primary tumor was located
predominantly in the renal medulla. Histologic examination showed
prominent tubular or tubulopapillary structures. Sarcomatoid carcinoma,
cystadenocarcinoma, nests and cords of tumor cells in desmoplastic
stroma were identified in some cases. High molecular weight cytokeratin
34 beta E12 was positive in 8 cases and peanut agglutinin in 7 cases.
According to Fuhrman's nuclear grade, one was in G2, 4 were in G3 and 5
in G4. Six patients died of metastases within 3 to 23 months (mean 13.3
months), one died of heart disease with tumor free after 19 months, two
survived with tumor free for 14
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