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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Brain Tumor - June 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: June 1, 2002
- Proposal of a clinico-histological "glioma score" as a prognostic index in high-grade glioma patients. Preliminary observations in a series of
- Thallium-201 SPECT and equivocal neuroradiological supratentorial lesions.
- Pediatric brain tumors: statistics of SNUH, Korea (1959-2000).
- Demystifying malformations.
- Myth of the mesoderm.
- MR lesion enhancement: spin-echo versus gradient-echo.
- Sonography of brain tumors in infants and young children.
- Intracranial mass lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging.
- Dysembryoplastic neuroectodermal tumor: an ultrastructural study of six cases.
- Ultrastructural features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a comparative study with glioblastoma multiforme.
- Transduction efficiency of adenoviral vectors into human glioma cells increased by association with cationic liposomes.
- Is there an increase in second brain tumours after surgery and irradiation for a pituitary tumour?
- [Papillary glioneuronal tumor]
- [Medulloepithelioma]
- [Primitive neuroectodermal tumor]
- [Ependymoblastoma]
- [Germ cell OUN tumors]
- [Neuro-imaging for diagnosis of brain neoplasms in children]
- [Glioblastoma multiforme]
- [Embryonal astroblastoma]
- [Gangliocytoma, ganglioglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma]
- [Central neurocytoma]
- [Infantile desmoplastic ganglioglioma and desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy]
- [Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor]
- Immunodiagnosis of the primary brain tumor (glioma) by the endogenous lectin.
- Microsatellite analysis of primary and recurrent glial tumors suggests different modalities of clonal evolution of tumor cells.
- MAP-2e, a novel MAP-2 isoform, is expressed in gliomas and delineates tumor architecture and patterns of infiltration.
- Evaluation of relationship between chromosome 22 and p53 gene alterations and the subtype of meningiomas by the interphase-FISH
- Impact of genotype and morphology on the prognosis of glioblastoma.
- CT/MR perfusion imaging and alphabet soup: an appeal for standardized nomenclature.
- Experimental findings in primary glioma cell cultures.
- Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in oligodendrogliomas: its impact on prognosis and on neoangiogenesis.
- History of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors in adults.
- Infiltrative astrocytomas with granular cell features (granular cell astrocytomas): a study of histopathologic features, grading, and
- Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a prognostic factor in glioma.
- Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
- Homozygous deletion of INK4a/ARF genes and overexpression of bcl-2 in relation with poor prognosis in immunocompetent patients with primary
- Multiplexed analysis of post-PCR fluorescence-labeled microsatellite alleles and statistical evaluation of their imbalance in brain tumors.
- MIB-I as a proliferative activity marker of the multiform glioblastomas.
- Distinction in gene expression profiles of oligodendrogliomas with and without allelic loss of 1p.
- The advantages of frameless stereotactic biopsy over frame-based biopsy.
- Epidemiology of adult brain tumours in Great Britain and Ireland.
- Overall and event-free survivals for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children at a single institution in Taiwan.
- Fuzzy rules to predict degree of malignancy in brain glioma.
- Prognostic value of platelet derived growth factor alpha receptor expression in grade 2 astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas.
- Surgical treatment of patients with low-grade astrocytomas and medically intractable seizures.
- Molecular characterization of a novel BR-2 gene that is down-regulated in human low grade glioma tumors.
- Cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of a novel gene BR-1 that is expressed in normal human brain tissue but not in glioma tumor samples.
- Human brain tumor cell culture characterization after immunostimulatory gene transfer.
- Prognostic significance of amino acid transport imaging in patients with brain tumors.
- Pulsed Z-spectroscopic imaging of cross-relaxation parameters in tissues for human MRI: theory and clinical applications.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11912469
AU - Mastronardi L; Guiducci A; Puzzilli F
TI -
Proposal of a clinico-histological "glioma score" as a prognostic index
in high-grade glioma patients. Preliminary observations in a series of
80 cases.
SO - J Neurosurg Sci 2001 Dec;45(4):195-201; discussion 201
AD - Division of Neurosurgery, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
mastro@tin.it
BACKGROUND: Despite of several multimodal treatments, malignant gliomas
still have a poor outcome. In order to identify subgroups of patients
with different prognosis, we propose a clinical and histological score
(GS). METHODS: Eighty consecutive patients operated on for a high-grade
glioma and treated with adjuvant therapy entered the study. In relation
to age at diagnosis, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS),
and MIB-1 index, patients have been splitted in 4 groups (GS 0-III).
RESULTS: The overall mean survival of the entire cohort was 18.2 months
(median 12). Patients with GS 0 have a mean survival rate of 30.0
months, with GS I 23.1 months, with GS II 12.1 months, and with GS III
9.0 months (p=0.0001). Moreover, mean survival with a KPS = or >70 was
29.0 in GS 0, 26.0 in GS I, 10.0 in GS II, and 0 in GS III patients
(p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these preliminary observations,
we discuss the utility of our "glioma score" as a prognostic indicator
for patients operated on for cerebral malignant gliomas and treated
postoperatively with adjuvant therapy.
2
UI - 11912479
AU - Zingale A; Albanese V
TI -
Thallium-201 SPECT and equivocal neuroradiological supratentorial
lesions.
SO - J Neurosurg Sci 2001 Dec;45(4):241-2
3
UI - 11935241
AU - Cho KT; Wang KC; Kim SK; Shin SH; Chi JG; Cho BK
TI -
Pediatric brain tumors: statistics of SNUH, Korea (1959-2000).
SO - Childs Nerv Syst 2002 Feb;18(1-2):30-7
AD - Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery and Clinical Research Institute,
Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong,
Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. bkcho@snu.ac.kr
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the age, gender, location and pathologic
diagnosis of brain tumors in pediatric patients (less than 16 years
old), we reviewed 677 patients who were operated on at the Department of
Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) during the
for which pathologic specimens were available were included. Tumors of
bone origin, purely extradural mass, nontumorous cystic lesions, and
vascular malformations were excluded. The mean age of the 677 patients
was 7.8 years and the gender ratio (male-to-female ratio), 1.4:1.
Supratentorial tumors (60.0%) were more common than infratentorial
tumors (39.1%). Pathological examination showed that the most common
tumors were astrocytic tumors (25.7%), medulloblastomas (17.9%),
craniopharyngiomas (12.0%), germ cell tumors (11.2%), supratentorial
primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ST-PNETs) (5.5%), and neuronal tumors
(5.2%). Choroid plexus tumors and ependymal tumors occurred more
frequently in early childhood, while pituitary adenomas and
non-teratomatous germ cell tumors occurred more frequently in older
children. While most tumors were more predominant in males,
oligodendroglial tumors and pituitary adenomas were more predominant in
females. CONCLUSIONS: The relative incidences of germ cell tumors,
neuronal tumors, and oligodendroglial tumors increased after the
introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast, the
incidence rates of medulloblastomas and ependymal tumors decreased.
4
UI - 2114747
AU - Rorke LB
TI -
Demystifying malformations.
SO - AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990 Jul-Aug;11(4):675
AD - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104.
5
UI - 2494873
AU - Smith AS
TI -
Myth of the mesoderm.
SO - AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989 Mar-Apr;10(2):449
6
UI - 7793389
AU - Crawley AP; Wallace CJ
TI -
MR lesion enhancement: spin-echo versus gradient-echo.
SO - AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995 Mar;16(3):611-2
7
UI - 11436884
AU - Simanovsky N; Taylor GA
TI -
Sonography of brain tumors in infants and young children.
SO - Pediatr Radiol 2001 Jun;31(6):392-8
AD - Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA. simanovsky@a1.tch.harvard.edu
The sonographic features of five brain tumors are presented to emphasize
the variability of imaging findings and the role that sonography may
play in the initial diagnosis, determination of tumor vascularity, and
biopsy guidance.
8
UI - 11930044
AU - Cha S; Knopp EA; Johnson G; Wetzel SG; Litt AW; Zagzag D
TI -
Intracranial mass lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced
susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging.
SO - Radiology 2002 Apr;223(1):11-29
AD - Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, 530 First
Ave, HCC-Basement, MRI Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Dynamic contrast agent-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance (MR)
imaging provides physiologic information that complements the anatomic
information available with conventional MR imaging. Analysis of dynamic
data from perfusion MR imaging, based on tracer kinetic theory, yields
quantitative estimates of cerebral blood volume that reflect the
underlying microvasculature and angiogenesis. Perfusion MR imaging is a
fast and robust imaging technique that is increasingly used as a
research tool to help evaluate and understand intracranial disease
processes and as a clinical tool to help diagnose, manage, and
understand intracranial mass lesions. With the increasing number of
applications of perfusion MR imaging, it is important to understand the
principles underlying the technique. In this review, the essential
underlying physics and methods of dynamic contrast-enhanced
susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging are described.
The clinical applications of cerebral blood volume maps obtained with
perfusion MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of intracranial mass
lesions, as well as the pitfalls and limitations of the technique, are
discussed. Emphasis is on the clinical role of perfusion MR imaging in
providing insight into the underlying pathophysiology of cerebral
microcirculation.
9
UI - 11783910
AU - Biernat W; Liberski PP; Kordek R; Zakrzewski K; Polis L; Budka H
TI -
Dysembryoplastic neuroectodermal tumor: an ultrastructural study of six
cases.
SO - Ultrastruct Pathol 2001 Nov-Dec;25(6):455-67
AD - Department of Tumor Pathology, Medical Academy Lodz, Poland.
Dysembryoplastic neuroectodermal tumor (DNT) is a rare brain neoplasm.
Although the tumor pathology is relatively well charactererized, its
full clinicopathological spectrum is still discussed, and
ultrastructural data on it are very limited. Here, the authors describe
detailed ultrastructural pathology of 7 cases of DNT. Each tumor
consisted of 3 major elements: neoplastic cells (oligodendroglial-like
cells, OLC), elongated processes forming neuropil-like structure, and
expanded "mucoid" extracellular space, the latter giving an impression
of cellular elements floating within it. Neoplastic cells had round,
oval, or elongated nuclei, no discernible nucleoli, and a relatively
narrow rim of cytoplasm. Some nuclei were irregular and invaginated, and
pseudoinclusions (invaginations of cytoplasm penetrated into toroid-like
nuclear formations) were observed. Part of the cytoplasm sequestrated
within pseudoinclusions often appeared degenerated with large blebs and
electron-lucent vesicles, and some of these contained, in turn,
semicircular profiles of unknown significance. Chromatin was clustered
below the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm contained a few mitochondria,
round rather than elongated, a few stacks of rough endoplasmic
reticulum, and scanty microtubules and clear vesicles. The second
element consisted of innumerable cellular processes. Some of these were
elongated and formed stacks connected by symmetric or asymetric adhesive
plaque junctions. Others had shorter "neck" containing microtubules
extending into bulbous extensions. Dense-cored vesicles were
occasionally observed, both in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells and
within processes. In one cell, cross-sectioned annulate lamellae were
found. In the cytoplasm of a few cells, unusual inclusions reminiscent
of ribosome-lamellae resembled "laboratory tubes" with cone-like
endings. At higher power, walls of the "tubes" resolved into layered
structures composed of several laminae; between these, ribosome-like
structures were visible. The authors conclude that OLC exhibit clear-cut
characteristics of neuronal cells and not true oligodendocytes.
10
UI - 11783911
AU - Hirose T; Giannini C; Scheithauer BW
TI -
Ultrastructural features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a comparative
study with glioblastoma multiforme.
SO - Ultrastruct Pathol 2001 Nov-Dec;25(6):469-78
AD - Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
Eighteen tumors (15 cases) were ultrastructurally examined and compared
to 11 examples of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) [to determine the
cellular nature of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA).] PXA, as well as
GBM, were principally composed of pleomorphic astrocytes containing
numerous intermediate filaments. Lipid droplets, lysosomes, and basal
laminas were more numerous and fully developed in PXA, but were not
specific to the tumor. Aggregates of secondary lysosomes, light
microscopically evident as eosinophilic granular bodies, and
ribosome-lamella complexes were exclusively seen in PXA. Also noted in
PXA were centrioles, occasional Rosenthal fibers, hemidesmosomes in
small number, rudimentary cell junctions, and interstitial
calcifications. In addition to astrocytic constituents, 20% of PXA
contained cells with neuronal features, as evidenced by the presence of
dense-core granules, microtubules, and clear vesicles. In contrast, GBMs
consisted solely of astrocytic cells. In the present study, the salient
ultrastructural findings of PXA were largely degenerative in nature,
including numerous lipid droplets and secondary lysosomes, as well as
basal laminas, ribosome-lamella complexes, and occasional neuronal
differentiation. The presence of basal lamina does not necessarily imply
a histogenetic derivation from subpial astrocytes, in that it is also a
common feature of GBM. Given the occurrence of biphenotypic,
glioneuronal differentiation in some cases, PXA may be derived from a
neuroepithelial stem cell. The authors conclude that PXA is
fundamentally an astrocytic tumor, albeit one with a significant
tendency to undergo neuronal differentiation.
11
UI - 11980090
AU - Ryuke Y; Mizuno M; Natsume A; Yoshida J
TI -
Transduction efficiency of adenoviral vectors into human glioma cells
increased by association with cationic liposomes.
SO - Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2000 May;40(5):256-60
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine,
Nagoya.
Replication-deficient adenoviral vectors are promising agents for human
gene therapy of the greater transduction efficiency than other vectors.
However, there are distinct disadvantages, including high
immunogenicity, which limits the administration to human organs,
particularly the brain. Injection of adenoviral vectors into the human
brain causes inflammatory responses and induces cerebral edema. The
combined effect of adenoviral vectors and cationic liposomes in vitro
was investigated in an effort to reduce the immune reaction against the
antigens of adenoviral vectors. No toxicity of adenoviral
vector-associated liposomes was observed within optimal lipid
concentration. The transduction efficiency of the adenoviral vectors
containing the beta-galactosidase gene increased almost 10-fold when
associated with the cationic liposomes. Furthermore, greater
cytotoxicity was induced when the adenoviral vector containing herpes
simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene was combined with cationic liposomes
than with only the adenoviral vector. These results suggest that the
combination of adenoviral vectors and cationic liposomes allows the
doses of adenoviral vectors to be reduced while maintaining transduction
efficiency.
12
UI - 11894972
AU - Erfurth EM; Bulow B; Mikoczy Z; Svahn-Tapper G; Hagmar L
TI -
Is there an increase in second brain tumours after surgery and
irradiation for a pituitary tumour?
SO - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001 Nov;55(5):613-6
AD - Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Eva-Marie.Erfurth@med.lu.se
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of second brain tumours in patients
operated and irradiated for pituitary tumours. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The
study base consisted of a consecutive series of 325 patients operated
and irradiated for pituitary tumours, excluding patients with acromegaly
and Cushing's disease. Comparison was made with the general population
from the same catchment area as the patients. The follow-up period
started in 1958 and on an individual basis patients were followed from
date of death, emigration or a second brain tumour diagnosis, whichever
occurred first. RESULTS: Three brain tumours (two astrocytomas and one
meningioma) were observed, compared with 1-13 expected (standardized
incidence ratios (SIR) 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-7.8).
CONCLUSION: The present study gives no firm support for an increased
incidence of a second brain tumour in patients operated and irradiated
for pituitary tumours. A crude meta-analysis of the present and
previously published cohort studies of patients with irradiated
pituitary tumours gives an SIR of 6.1 (95% CI 3.16-10.69). Thus, the
results of the meta-analysis are in favour of an increased risk for
second brain tumours. A genetic trait that predisposes to both pituitary
tumours and brain tumours is an alternative causal factor. There is no
definite proof that cranial irradiation per se is the causal factor.
This question cannot be fully answered until sufficient cohort studies
of nonirradiated pituitary tumour patients have been carried out.
13
UI - 11987595
AU - Biernat W; Liberski PP
TI -
[Papillary glioneuronal tumor]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):111-2
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
14
UI - 11987597
AU - Liberski PP
TI -
[Medulloepithelioma]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):117-23
AD - Zaklad Biologii Molekularnej, Katedra Onkologii AM, Klinika
Neurochirurgii ICZMP, Lodz.
15
UI - 11987598
AU - Biernat W
TI -
[Primitive neuroectodermal tumor]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):125-34
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow Katedry Onkologii AM, lodz.
16
UI - 11987600
AU - Liberski PP
TI -
[Ependymoblastoma]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):135-7
AD - Zaklad Biologii Molekularnej, Katedra Onkologii AM, Klinika
Neurochirurgii, ICZMP, Lodz.
17
UI - 11987606
AU - Biernat W
TI -
[Germ cell OUN tumors]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):183-9
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
18
UI - 11987609
AU - Zakrzewski K
TI -
[Neuro-imaging for diagnosis of brain neoplasms in children]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):213-29
AD - Klinika Neurochirurgii ICZMP, Lodz.
19
UI - 11987610
AU - Biernat W
TI -
[Glioblastoma multiforme]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):23-8
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
20
UI - 11987616
AU - Liberski PP; Fiks T
TI -
[Embryonal astroblastoma]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):67-70
AD - Zaklad Biologii Molekularnej, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
21
UI - 11987617
AU - Liberski PP; Fiks T
TI -
[Gangliocytoma, ganglioglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):71-85
AD - Zaklad Biologii Molekularnej, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
22
UI - 11987618
AU - Biernat W
TI -
[Central neurocytoma]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):87-94
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
23
UI - 11987619
AU - Kordek R; Liberski PP
TI -
[Infantile desmoplastic ganglioglioma and desmoplastic cerebral
astrocytoma of infancy]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):95-8
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
24
UI - 11987620
AU - Kordek R; Liberski PP
TI -
[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor]
SO - Pol J Pathol 2001;52(4 Suppl):99-109
AD - Zaklad Patologii Nowotworow, Katedra Onkologii AM, lodz.
25
UI - 11814473
AU - Basu PS; Majhi R; Ghosh S; Ghosh B; Batabyal SK
TI -
Immunodiagnosis of the primary brain tumor (glioma) by the endogenous
lectin.
SO - Clin Chim Acta 2002 Mar;317(1-2):177-80
AD - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, 700
032, Calcutta, India. pranabbasu@iicb.res.in
BACKGROUND: A sugar-binding protein, lectin, was identified in the
cystic fluid of brain tumor (glioma). METHODS: The protein was purified
by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The molecular weight
of the lectin was 29 kDa. The activity of the purified protein was
inhibited strongly by p-nitro-beta-D-galactose and asialofetuin. The
lectin activity was not Ca(2+)- or Mg(2+)-dependent. The antiserum of
this pure lectin specifically cross-reacted in the cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) of glioma tumor patients. The same antibody had no reaction with
CSF of other neurological patients, normal rat brain tissue extract,
oncofetal antigens such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA), plant lectins, and other body fluids like plural and
ascites. CONCLUSIONS: This antilectin antibody may be useful in the
evaluation of patients with primary brain tumor (glioma).
26
UI - 12025942
AU - Gomori E; Fulop Z; Meszaros I; Doczi T; Matolcsy A
TI -
Microsatellite analysis of primary and recurrent glial tumors suggests
different modalities of clonal evolution of tumor cells.
SO - J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002 May;61(5):396-402
AD - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pecs University, Hungary.
Gliomas are characterized by highly variable biological behavior. After
surgical resection and postoperative therapy they frequently recur with
the same or higher-grade histology. Although a number of genetic
aberrations have been described in gliomas of different histological
types, the molecular mechanisms of the histological and clinical
progression are poorly understood. In this study, we performed
longitudinal microsatellite and mismatch repair gene analysis in paired
samples of primary and recurrent gliomas in order to reveal whether
genetic instability is associated with tumor progression. The 7
microsatellite loci of the 7 patients displayed a total of 18 (54.5%)
alterations in the primary and 15 (45.5%) alterations in the recurrent
gliomas as compared with the corresponding non-neoplastic cells, but no
alterations were found in the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes. These results
suggest that microsatellite instability is associated with the
development of the primary gliomas rather than with the recurrence or
progression, and it is not associated with structural alterations in the
hMLH1 or hMSH2 genes. Comparison of the microsatellite patterns in
primary and secondary gliomas revealed 4 different modalities of clonal
evolution, involving clonal identity, clonal deletion, clonal
progression, and different clonality, suggesting that intensive clonal
selection may play a central part in the recurrence of gliomas.
27
UI - 12025943
AU - Suzuki SO; Kitai R; Llena J; Lee SC; Goldman JE; Shafit-Zagardo B
TI -
MAP-2e, a novel MAP-2 isoform, is expressed in gliomas and delineates
tumor architecture and patterns of infiltration.
SO - J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002 May;61(5):403-12
AD - Division of Neuropathology, Columbia University College of P&S, New
York, New York, USA.
The MAP-2 isoform containing exon 13 (MAP-2e) is expressed in human
fetal development as early as 15 gestational weeks and parallels
oligodendrocyte maturation. MAP-2e is down-regulated following
myelination and is expressed in few cells in the adult central nervous
system (CNS). To determine whether CNS tumors express MAP-2e, we
screened 122 archival, paraffin-embedded adult and pediatric tumors of
the CNS and non-CNS. All oligodendrogliomas were positive and extensive
staining was observed in glioblastomas, various malignant gliomas and
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. MAP-2e was not expressed in
non-CNS tumors or neuroblastomas. Thus. neuroectodermal tumors that have
glial characteristics express this developmental marker of immature
glia. Analysis of oligodendrogliomas demonstrated numerous cell
morphologies from round cells with no processes to cells with single or
multiple processes. MAP-2e immunostaining also delineated tumor invasion
into adjacent gray and white matter, indicating that MAP-2e appears to
be a useful marker for examining the infiltration of malignant cells
into surrounding tissue.
28
UI - 11948632
AU - Yakut T; Bekar A; Doygun M; Acar H; Egeli U; Ogul E
TI -
Evaluation of relationship between chromosome 22 and p53 gene
alterations and the subtype of meningiomas by the interphase-FISH
technique.
SO - Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 2002;22(3):217-25
AD - Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey.
In this study, we investigated the relationship between genetic
alterations such as chromosome 22 aneuploidy and p53 gene deletion, and
the pathological types of meningioma of typical and aggressive forms.
Thirty-four meningiomas (23 typical and 11 aggressive) were examined by
application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome
22 specific alpha satellite probe and a combination of p53 locus
specific and chromosome 17 centromere specific alpha satellite probes,
to evaluate the chromosome 22 aneuploidy and gain or loss of p53 gene
along with chromosome 17. The results showed that, although chromosome
22 aneuploidy was seen in 7 out of 23 typical (30.4%) and 4 out of 11
aggressive meningiomas (36.3%), no p53 deletion was detected in typical
meningiomas, and p53 deletion was detected in 3 out of 11 aggressive
meningiomas (1 atypical and 2 malignant), which had recurrence. There
were no simultaneous occurrences of p53 gene deletions between typical
and aggressive meningiomas. The present findings indicate that the loss
of chromosome 22 may be involved with tumorogenesis of typical and
aggressive meningiomas, while p53 gene deletions may be involved with
malignant progression and recurrence in the aggressive meningiomas.
Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
29
UI - 11939587
AU - Schmidt MC; Antweiler S; Urban N; Mueller W; Kuklik A; Meyer-Puttlitz B;
TI -
Wiestler OD; Louis DN; Fimmers R; von Deimling A
Impact of genotype and morphology on the prognosis of glioblastoma.
SO - J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002 Apr;61(4):321-8
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany.
The recognition of molecular subsets among glioblastomas has raised the
question whether distinct mutations in glioblastoma-associated genes may
serve as prognostic markers. The present study on glioblastomas (GBM)
from 97 consecutively sampled adult patients is based on a clinical,
histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic analysis.
Parameters assessed were age at diagnosis, survival, cell type,
proliferation, necrosis, microvascular proliferation, sarcomatous
growth, lymphocytic infiltration, thromboses, calcifications, GFAP
expression, MIB-1 index, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the chromosomal
arms 1p, 10p, 10q, 17p, 19q and structural alterations in the TP53, EGFR
and PTEN genes. As in previous studies, younger age was significantly
associated with better survival. Among the molecular parameters, TP53
mutations and LOH10q emerged as favorable and poor prognostic factors,
respectively. TP53 mutations were a favorable prognostic factor
independent of whether glioblastomas were primary or secondary. LOH1p or
19q, lesions suspected to be over-represented in long term survivors
with malignant glioma, were not associated with better survival.
However, the combination of LOH1p and LOH19q defined GBM patients with a
significantly better survival. Notably, these patients did not exhibit
morphological features reminiscent of oligodendroglioma. These findings
indicate that genotyping of glioblastoma may provide clinical
information of prognostic importance.
30
UI - 12006270
AU - Lev MH
TI -
CT/MR perfusion imaging and alphabet soup: an appeal for standardized
nomenclature.
SO - AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002 May;23(5):746-7
31
UI - 12002035
AU - Nano R
TI -
Experimental findings in primary glioma cell cultures.
SO - Funct Neurol 2001;16 Suppl 4():285-9
AD - Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia and Centre of Study
for Histochemistry, CNR, Italy. nano@unipv.it
32
UI - 12001139
AU - Vordermark D
TI -
Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in oligodendrogliomas: its
impact on prognosis and on neoangiogenesis.
SO - Cancer 2002 Apr 15;94(8):2317-8; discussion 2318-9
33
UI - 11979441
AU - Brenner AV; Linet MS; Fine HA; Shapiro WR; Selker RG; Black PM; Inskip
TI -
PD
History of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors in
adults.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 May 10;99(2):252-9
AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and
Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892-7362, USA. brennera@mail.nih.gov
To explore a possible influence of the immune system in the development
of brain tumors, we evaluated the relationship between history of
allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors within a
large, hospital-based case-control study. Cases (n = 782) were patients
recently diagnosed with glioma (n = 489), meningioma (n = 197) or
acoustic neuroma (n = 96) at hospitals in Boston, Phoenix and Pittsburgh
(USA). Controls (n =799) were patients hospitalized for a variety of
nonmalignant conditions and frequency-matched to cases by hospital, age,
sex, race/ethnicity and distance of residence from hospital. Research
nurses collected data by personal interview of patients. Odds ratios
(OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using
unconditional logistic regression. There was a significant inverse
association between glioma and history of any allergies (OR = 0.67, 95%
CI = 0.52-0.86) or autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.69).
No significant associations were evident for meningioma or acoustic
neuroma with history of any allergies. An inverse association was
observed between meningioma and history of autoimmune diseases (OR =
0.59, 95% CI = 0.38-0.92). There was a suggestion of interaction between
allergies and autoimmune diseases on risk of glioma (p = 0.06), with
subjects having both conditions being at lowest risk (OR = 0.24, 95% CI
= 0.14-0.42). Among the specific conditions, asthma and diabetes showed
the most consistent associations (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.92 and OR =
0.44, 95% CI = 0.27-0.70, respectively). Our results add to evidence
that persons with allergies or autoimmune diseases are at reduced risk
of glioma. The basis of the associations is not clear, but they might
imply a role of immunologic factors in the development of brain tumors.
Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
34
UI - 12023579
AU - Brat DJ; Scheithauer BW; Medina-Flores R; Rosenblum MK; Burger PC
TI -
Infiltrative astrocytomas with granular cell features (granular cell
astrocytomas): a study of histopathologic features, grading, and
outcome.
SO - Am J Surg Pathol 2002 Jun;26(6):750-7
AD - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
Georgia 30322, USA. dbrat@emory.edu
Granular cell astrocytomas (GCAs) are rare, incompletely characterized
infiltrative gliomas that contain a prominent component of granular
cells. Such tumors can readily be mistaken for reactive conditions. We
studied 22 cases to explore their morphologic spectrum, establish
features useful in distinguishing GCA from nonneoplastic diseases, and
to determine which parameters correlate with biologic behavior. Tumors
occurred in 17 men and five women, ranging in age from 29 to 75 years,
who presented mainly with seizures, headache, aphasia, or hemiparesis.
Radiologically, high-grade GCAs were contrast-enhancing, cerebral
hemispheric masses with prominent peritumoral edema. All contained
sheets or interspersed large, round cells packed with eosinophilic,
PAS-positive granules. Lymphocytic infiltrates, either perivascular or
admixed with neoplastic cells, were present in 14 tumors. Transition to
typical infiltrating astrocytoma was noted in 16 cases; of these,
granular cells comprised 30-95% of cells. Six tumors consisted almost
entirely of atypical granular cells. By WHO criteria, four GCA were
grade 2, seven were grade 3, and 11 were grade 4. Glial fibrillary
acidic protein staining was seen in all but one tumor, and the majority
were immunoreactive for S-100 protein, KP-1, ubiquitin, and epithelial
membrane antigen. Although MIB-1 proliferation indices increased with
tumor grade, granular cells accounted for only a minority of
immunoreactive cells. Among 18 cases with follow-up, 15 recurred after
surgery and resulted in death (mean survival, 7.6 months). Two patients
died postoperatively, and one was alive at 51 months. Granular cell
astrocytoma is an uncommon morphologic variant that appears to be
rapidly progressive and usually fatal.
35
UI - 11702862
AU - De Witte O; Goldberg I; Wikler D; Rorive S; Damhaut P; Monclus M; Salmon
TI -
I; Brotchi J; Goldman S
Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a
prognostic factor in glioma.
SO - J Neurosurg 2001 Nov;95(5):746-50
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. odewitte@ulb.ac.be
OBJECT: Positron emission tomography with L-[methyl-11C]methionine
(MET-PET) provides information on the metabolism of gliomas. The aim of
this study was to determine the predictive value of MET-PET in the
treatment of patients with gliomas. METHODS: Since 1992, 85 patients
with a World Health Organization (WHO) classification-verified glioma
underwent PET studies in which MET was injected before (74 cases) or
after treatment (11 cases). Analysis of PET data was conducted by the
same investigator using two scales: a qualitative visual grading scale
and a quantitative scale (ratio between tumor uptake and normal brain
uptake, classified on a seven-level scale). Uptake of MET was present in
98% of gliomas. The investigator judged this uptake to be moderate to
very high based on visual inspection (qualitative scale). For all grades
of gliomas, a visual grade of 3 was statistically associated with a
shorter patient survival period (p < 0.005). The tumor/normal brain
uptake ratio was significantly influenced by the histological grade of
the tumor. A statistically poor outcome was demonstrated when this ratio
was higher than a threshold of 2.2 for a WHO Grade II tumor and 2.8 for
WHO Grade III tumor. For Grade II and III tumors, oligodendrogliomas had
a higher uptake of MET than astrocytomas. CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of MET was
present in 98% of the gliomas studied. A high uptake is statistically
associated with a poor survival time. The intensity of MET uptake
represents a prognostic factor for WHO Grade II and III tumors
considered separately.
36
UI - 11702869
AU - Sainte-Rose C; Cinalli G; Roux FE; Maixner R; Chumas PD; Mansour M;
TI -
Carpentier A; Bourgeois M; Zerah M; Pierre-Kahn A; Renier D
Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa
tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
SO - J Neurosurg 2001 Nov;95(5):791-7
AD - Service de Neurochirurgie, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris,
France. christian.sainte-rose@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
OBJECT: The authors undertook a study to evaluate the effectiveness of
endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of hydrocephalus
before and after surgical intervention for posterior fossa tumors in
children. METHODS: Between October 1, 1993, and December 31, 1997, a
total of 206 consecutive children with posterior fossa tumors underwent
surgery at Hjpital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris. Excluded were 10
patients in whom shunts had been placed at the referring hospital. The
medical records and neuroimaging studies of the remaining 196 patients
were reviewed and categorized into three groups: Group A, 67 patients
with hydrocephalus present on admission in whom endoscopic third
ventriculostomy was performed prior to tumor removal; Group B, 82
patients with hydrocephalus who did not undergo preliminary third
ventriculostomy but instead received conventional treatment; and Group
C, 47 patients in whom no ventricular dilation was present on admission.
There were no significant differences between patients in Group A or B
with respect to the following variables: age at presentation, evidence
of metastatic disease, extent of tumor resection, or follow-up duration.
In patients in Group A, however, more severe hydrocephalus was
demonstrated (p < 0.01): the patients in Group C were in this respect
different from those in the other two groups. Ultimately, there were
only four patients (6%) in Group A compared with 22 patients (26.8%) in
Group B (p = 0.001) in whom progressive hydrocephalus required treatment
following removal of the posterior fossa tumor. Sixteen patients (20%)
in Group B underwent insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is
similar to the incidence reported in the literature and significantly
different from that demonstrated in Group A (p < 0.016). The other six
patients (7.3%) were treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy after
tumor resection. In Group C, two patients (4.3%) with postoperative
hydrocephalus underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. In three
patients who required placement of CSF shunts several episodes of shunt
malfunction occurred that were ultimately managed by endoscopic third
ventriculostomy and definitive removal of the shunt. There were no
deaths; however, there were four cases of transient morbidity associated
with third ventriculostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Third ventriculostomy is
feasible even in the presence of posterior fossa tumors (including
brainstem tumors). When performed prior to posterior fossa surgery, it
significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus. The
procedure provides a valid alternative to placement of a permanent shunt
in cases in which hydrocephalus develops following posterior fossa
surgery, and it may negate the need for the shunt in cases in which the
shunt malfunctions. Furthermore, in patients in whom CSF has caused
spread of the tumor at presentation, third ventriculostomy allows
chemotherapy to be undertaken prior to tumor excision by controlling
hydrocephalus. Although the authors acknowledge that the routine
application of third ventriculostomy in selected patients results in a
proportion of patients undergoing an "unnecessary" procedure, they
believe that because patients' postoperative courses are less
complicated and because the incidence of morbidity is low and the
success rate is high in those patients with severe hydrocephalus that
further investigation of this protocol is warranted.
37
UI - 11804283
AU - Hayashi Y; Iwato M; Arakawa Y; Fujisawa H; Thoma Y; Hasegawa M;
TI -
Tachibana O; Yamashita J
Homozygous deletion of INK4a/ARF genes and overexpression of bcl-2 in
relation with poor prognosis in immunocompetent patients with primary
central nervous system lymphoma of the diffuse large B-cell type.
SO - J Neurooncol 2001 Oct;55(1):51-8
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine,
Japan. yuh@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Only a few reports have been published on molecular genetic alterations
in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) of the diffuse
large B-cell type and no reports have addressed the correlation between
the genetic alterations and clinical course of the patients with this
neoplasm. Thus, the molecular background of the PCNSL and its importance
for the clinical course of the patients are still unclear. We
investigated a series of 14 patients with PCNSL to determine structural
alterations of the INK4a/ARF, MDM2, and TP53 genes, the status of bcl-2
and bcl-6 protein expression, and the clinical course of the patients
(i.e. their survival time after diagnosis). No structural alterations of
MDM2 and TP53 genes were found. Only INK4a/ARF genes whose expression
affects both the p161NK4a-Rb and p14ARF-mdm2-p53 pathways in the
regulation for cell cycle and apoptosis, showed an alteration of the
homozygous deletions at a high frequency (nine of 14 patients: 64%).
This specific alteration was not related with the bcl-6 expression, but
a relation was shown with overexpression of the bcl-2 anti-apoptotic
protein (p = 0.036, chi-square test), as well as a shorter patient
survival (p = 0.044, Wilcoxon test). There was only a tendency, not a
significant correlation, in which the patients with bcl-2 overexpression
resulted in poor prognosis (p = 0.149). The present study is the first
to suggest that the INK4a/ARF gene homozygous deletions and
overexpression of the bcl-2 protein may be correlated with each other
and together serve as important predictors for the prognosis of patients
with PCNSL.
38
UI - 11927010
AU - Yoshimoto K; Iwaki T; Inamura T; Fukui M; Tahira T; Hayashi K
TI -
Multiplexed analysis of post-PCR fluorescence-labeled microsatellite
alleles and statistical evaluation of their imbalance in brain tumors.
SO - Jpn J Cancer Res 2002 Mar;93(3):284-90
AD - Division of Genome Analysis, Research Center for Genetic Information,
Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Detection of the loss of chromosomal regions in cancerous tissues has
diagnostic and prognostic relevance, and the development of a reliable
and cost-effective technique for this is clinically important. Here we
present an efficient technique for quantitative detection of
microsatellite alleles, using a post-PCR fluorescence-labeling procedure
and multiplexed analysis. We also present a new statistical method for
the interpretation of the data that permits reliable and sensitive
evaluation of the allelic status of sampled DNA. A high-resolution
analysis of allelic imbalance on chromosomes 1p, 10 and 19q in 28 glioma
samples of various types using this method revealed that allelic
imbalances are more frequent than have been reported, suggesting the
diagnostic value of this method in examining the genetic profiles of
gliomas.
39
UI - 11820610
AU - Dzieciol J; Lebelt A; Lemancewicz D; Szkudlarek M; Zimnoch L; Lewko J;
TI -
Lebkowski W
MIB-I as a proliferative activity marker of the multiform glioblastomas.
SO - Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2001;39 Suppl 2():205-6
AD - Department of Anatomy, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Poland.
MIB-I is a proliferative activity marker of multiform glioblastomas
which are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system. They
are characterizad by differential rate and prognosis. The aim of the
study was to determine the proliferative activity of multiform
glioblastomas and estimation of the correlation between tumors'
proliferative activity and tumors' localization, size, patients' age and
sex. 24 patients (18 females and 6 males) with multiform glioblastomas
were analyzed. The mean patients' age was 52.1. The proliferative
activity was calculated as a proliferation index: IP for MIB-I. Cells
with positive reaction were determined by MIB-I which was compared to
all neoplastic cells. The most frequent localization of the tumors were
frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The size of the tumors ranged
from 2.5 to 5.3 cm (mean 3.9). Mean IP was 43.2 (SD+/-17.4). We found no
correlation between IP MIB-I and localization of the tumor, patients'
age and sex. There was a marginal statistically significant correlation
between IP MIB-I and size of the tumor (p=0.005).
40
UI - 12037678
AU - Mukasa A; Ueki K; Matsumoto S; Tsutsumi S; Nishikawa R; Fujimaki T; Asai
TI -
A; Kirino T; Aburatani H
Distinction in gene expression profiles of oligodendrogliomas with and
without allelic loss of 1p.
SO - Oncogene 2002 Jun 6;21(25):3961-8
AD - Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904,
Japan.
Oligodendrogliomas frequently, but not always show sensitivity to
chemotherapy and recent studies demonstrated that allelic loss of
chromosome 1p is highly associated with this chemosensitivity. To gain
insight into the molecular mechanism of such difference, we examined
comprehensive gene expression profiles of 11 oligodendroglial tumors,
six with and five without 1pLOH (loss of heterozygosity), and two normal
brain tissues using the oligonucleotide microarray (GeneChip).
Statistically significant numbers of genes were expressed differentially
between the two genetic subsets. Clustering analysis separated the tumor
subsets well. The tumors with 1pLOH had similar expression profiles to
the normal brain for those differentially expressed genes. Many genes
showing higher expression in tumors with 1pLOH were presumed to have
functions in nervous tissues. Notably, the majority of the 123 genes
showing significant expression reduction in tumors with 1pLOH were
either on chromosome 1 (50%) or on 19 (10%), and the average expression
reduction ratio was about 50% (0.54+/-0.13) possibly reflecting the
chromosomal deletion. Thus, the biological difference between the
genetic subsets of oligodendroglioma was indeed reflected to gene
expression profile, which provided baseline information for further
studies to elucidate the mechanism of chemosensitivity in gliomas.
41
UI - 12046728
AU - Dorward NL; Paleologos TS; Alberti O; Thomas DG
TI -
The advantages of frameless stereotactic biopsy over frame-based biopsy.
SO - Br J Neurosurg 2002 Apr;16(2):110-8
AD - Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
neil.dorward@rfh.nthames.nhs.uk
A comparison study is presented, which examines the outcome,
complications and cost of stereotactic brain biopsy performed with a
frameless versus a frame-based method. The technique of frameless
stereotactic biopsy has been shown previously, in both laboratory and in
vivo studies, to achieve a level of accuracy at least equal to
frame-based biopsy. The investigators have validated the technique in a
large clinical series. The frameless and frame-based series were
concurrent, comprising 76 and 79 cases, respectively. The frameless
stereotactic technique involved standard needle biopsy, targeted by an
image-guidance system and directed by a novel rigid adjustable
instrument-holder. Frame-based biopsies were performed with the CRW and
Leksell systems. There were no significant differences in the
demographics, lesion site, size and pathologies between the groups.
Operating theatre occupancy and anaesthetic time were both significantly
shorter for the frameless series than the frame-based series (p <
0.0001). In addition, the complication rate in the frameless biopsy
series was significantly lower than in the frame-based series (p =
0.018). This resulted in lower ITU bed occupancy (p = 0.02), shorter
mean hospital stay (p = 0.0013) and significant cost savings (p =
0.0022) for the frameless stereotactic biopsy group, despite the greater
use of more expensive MRI in these cases. This comparison study
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