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Abramson Cancer Center
NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Bile Duct and Gallbladder Cancer - July 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: July 1, 2002
- Diagnosis and staging of gallbladder carcinoma. Evaluation with dynamic MR imaging.
- Gallbladder carcinoma.
- Fragile histidine triad gene abnormalities in the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma.
- Deficient expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase combined with mismatch-repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 is related to
- RCAS1 expression as a prognostic factor after curative surgery for extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
- Common occurrence of multiple K-RAS mutations in pancreatic cancers with associated precursor lesions and in biliary cancers.
- Post-menopausal hormonal therapy and gallbladder cancer risk.
- Perihilar cancer.
- [Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma]
- Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder warrants resection only if curative resection is feasible.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11983470
AU - Tseng JH; Wan YL; Hung CF; Ng KK; Pan KT; Chou AS; Liu NJ
TI -
Diagnosis and staging of gallbladder carcinoma. Evaluation with dynamic
MR imaging.
SO - Clin Imaging 2002 May-Jun;26(3):177-82
AD - First Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital
at Linkou, College of Medicine and School of Medical Technology,
Chang-Gung University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taipei, Taiwan,
ROC.
The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of dynamic
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and staging of
gallbladder cancer (GBC). Images of dynamic MRI of hepatobiliary system
combined with MR cholangiography (MRC) of 18 patients with
pathologically proved gallbladder cancer were correlated with
pathological and operative findings. Focal or diffuse wall thickening
was present in 10 patients. In five patients, the tumor appeared as a
fungating or intramural mass. A tumor replacing the gallbladder was
found in two patients and a small cancer in cystic duct in one patient.
The tumor featured early and irregular enhancement, which persisted
throughout the dynamic study. Metastatic nodes were found by
surgicopathology in 13 patients and were depicted by the dynamic MRI in
11 patients. Local invasion to liver was found by surgery in 12 patients
and correctly detected by MRI in 11 patients. MRI detected duodenum
invasion in three out of six patients and none of the three cases with
omental metastasis. In conclusion, dynamic MRI is useful and reliable in
staging of advanced gallbladder cancer. MRI combined with MRC is
sensitive in detection of obstructive jaundice, liver invasion as well
as liver and lymph nodes metastasis. It is more difficult to delineate
the invasion to duodenum and omental metastasis by MRI.
2
UI - 12075193
AU - Sasaki R; Kanno S; Saito K
TI -
Gallbladder carcinoma.
SO - Surgery 2002 Jun;131(6):696
3
UI - 12057912
AU - Wistuba II; Ashfaq R; Maitra A; Alvarez H; Riquelme E; Gazdar AF
TI -
Fragile histidine triad gene abnormalities in the pathogenesis of
gallbladder carcinoma.
SO - Am J Pathol 2002 Jun;160(6):2073-9
AD - Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de
Chile, Santiago, Chile. iwistuba@med.puc.cl
There is limited information about the molecular changes involved in the
pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Our recent allelotyping
analyses have indicated that chromosome 3p loss of heterozygosity (LOH),
including the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) candidate tumor-suppressor
gene locus at 3p14.2, is frequently detected in this neoplasm. To
investigate the role of the FHIT abnormalities in the multistage
sequential development of GBC, 33 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
invasive GBC specimens and 76 accompanying histologically normal (n =
43) and dysplastic (n = 33) epithelia were examined by immunostaining
for expression of Fhit protein. Allele loss at the FHIT gene locus
(3p14.2) was studied in all GBCs and in a subset of accompanying
gallbladder epithelia by polymerase chain reaction-based LOH analysis,
using three 3p14.2 microsatellite markers. In addition, histologically
normal epithelium from chronic cholecystitis (n = 19) and dysplasia (n =
13) from gallbladder specimens without cancer were examined for
immunostaining and LOH. There was a progressive increase in both the
frequency of loss of Fhit expression and LOH at FHIT with increasing
severity of histopathological changes. FHIT abnormalities were
occasionally demonstrated in histologically normal gallbladder
epithelium. Dysplastic foci demonstrated frequent reduction or absence
of Fhit immunostaining (38 to 55%) and FHIT allelic loss (33 to 46%). In
invasive tumors, these abnormalities were even higher, with 79%
reduction or absence of Fhit immunostaining and 76% FHIT allele loss. A
high correlation (70%) was observed between Fhit immunostaining
abnormalities and allele loss in GBC specimens (P < 0.05). Although a
high frequency of FHIT locus breakpoints were detected in both invasive
and dysplastic gallbladder specimens, no intronic homozygous deletions
on FHIT were detected in GBCs. FHIT gene abnormalities are nearly
universal in GBC and these changes are detected early in the sequential
development of this neoplasm. Our findings indicate that the FHIT gene
is one of the chromosome 3p putative tumor suppressor genes involved in
the pathogenesis of this highly malignant neoplasm.
4
UI - 11986189
AU - Kohya N; Miyazaki K; Matsukura S; Yakushiji H; Kitajima Y; Kitahara K;
TI -
Fukuhara M; Nakabeppu Y; Sekiguchi M
Deficient expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
combined with mismatch-repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 is related to
poor prognosis in human biliary tract carcinoma.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2002 May;9(4):371-9
AD - Department of Surgery, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
BACKGROUND: O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA
repair enzyme that transfers methyl groups from O(6)-methylguanine to
itself. Alkylation of DNA at the O(6) position of guanine is an
important step in the induction of mutations in the organism by
alkylating agents. The O(6)-methyl G:T mismatch is recognized by the
mismatch-repair (MMR) pathway. The biliary duct is highly exposed to
alkylating agents because of its anatomical location. METHODS: We
examined 39 surgically resected gallbladder carcinomas and 35
extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas and evaluated the expression of MGMT
and MMR protein (hMLH1 and hMSH2) by immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS: MGMT-negative staining was detected in 59.0% of gallbladder
carcinoma specimens and 60.0% of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
specimens. In gallbladder carcinoma, hMLH1- and hMSH2-negative staining
was observed in 51.3% and 59.0%, respectively, whereas in extrahepatic
bile duct carcinoma, the respective values were 57.1% and 65.7%.
MGMT-negative staining correlated with hepatic invasion in gallbladder
carcinoma and with poor prognosis in both types of tumor. Furthermore, a
combined MGMT and MMR status was shown to be a more significant
prognostic biomarker in both tumor types. CONCLUSIONS: Combined MGMT and
MMR is a possible prognostic marker that probably reflects an
accumulation of genetic mutations.
5
UI - 11986191
AU - Suzuoki M; Hida Y; Miyamoto M; Oshikiri T; Hiraoka K; Nakakubo Y;
TI -
Shinohara T; Itoh T; Okushiba S; Kondo S; Katoh H
RCAS1 expression as a prognostic factor after curative surgery for
extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2002 May;9(4):388-93
AD - Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Hokkaido
University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
suzuoki@med.hokudai.ac.jp
BACKGROUND: RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo
cells) is a cancer cell-surface antigen and has been identified as a
prognostic factor in several cancers. It is thought that tumor cells
escape from immune attack by expressing RCAS1, which induces apoptosis
in receptor-positive immune cells. We investigated the relationship
between RCAS1 expression and clinicopathologic features and clinical
outcome in patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EBDC) who
underwent curative resection. METHODS: RCAS1 expression was determined
by immunohistochemistry in 60 patients with EBDC who underwent curative
resection from 1992 to 1999. The patients were divided into two groups
on the basis of the extent of RCAS1 expression: a low-expression group
(immunoreactivity in <25% of cells) and a high-expression group.
Expression was correlated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.
RESULTS: RCAS1 was expressed in 52 (86.7%) of 60 tumors and at a high
frequency in all histopathologic stages. High expression of RCAS1 was
detected in 46 (76.7%) of 60 cases. No correlation existed between the
pattern of RCAS1 expression and any clinicopathologic feature, although
high expression did correlate with poor prognosis. High RCAS1 expression
was an independent negative predictor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: RCAS1
expression predicts poor outcome in resectable EBDC.
6
UI - 12082617
AU - Laghi L; Orbetegli O; Bianchi P; Zerbi A; Di Carlo V; Boland CR; Malesci
TI -
A
Common occurrence of multiple K-RAS mutations in pancreatic cancers with
associated precursor lesions and in biliary cancers.
SO - Oncogene 2002 Jun 20;21(27):4301-6
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano,
Milan, 20089 Italy.
Recent studies on small series of pancreatic cancer (PC) with foci of
pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a putative precursor
lesion, have shown that multiple K-RAS mutations may coexist in the same
neoplastic pancreas. To see whether mutant-K-RAS polyclonality is a
common and specific feature of pancreatic carcinogenesis, we
investigated a unselected series of periampullary cancers (41
pancreatic, 13 biliary and two ampullary adenocarcinomas). After
hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mutations identified with
single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) were confirmed by
allele-specific PCR and sequencing. K-RAS codon 12 was mutated in 34
(83%) pancreatic cancers and in 11 (85%) biliary cancers. Multiple
distinct K-RAS mutations were found in 16 PC (39% of all cases, 47% of
those with mutated K-RAS) and in eight biliary cancers (62 and 72%,
respectively). In PC, multiple K-RAS mutations were more frequent
(P<0.001) in cancers with (nine of 12, 75%) than in those without
detectable PanIN (seven of 29, 24%). Individual precursor lesions of the
same neoplastic pancreas were found to harbor distinct mutations.
Results show that multiple K-RAS mutations are frequent both in PC with
associated PanIN and in biliary cancers, and indicate that clonally
distinct precursor lesions of PC might variably contribute to tumor
development.
7
UI - 12115514
AU - Gallus S; Negri E; Chatenoud L; Bosetti C; Franceschi S; La Vecchia C
TI -
Post-menopausal hormonal therapy and gallbladder cancer risk.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Jun 10;99(5):762-3
AD - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
gallus@marionegri.it
The relation between post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
and gallbladder cancer was analyzed in women above age 45 years, using
data of a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1985 and 1997,
on 31 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 3,702 controls in
hospital for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The multivariate odds
ratio (OR) was 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-9.3) for those who had
ever used HRT and the OR tended to rise with longer duration. Although
based on small numbers, due to the rarity of the disease, these findings
provide the first direct epidemiological evidence of an association
between HRT and gallbladder cancer. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
8
UI - 11949764
AU - Douglass HO Jr
TI -
Perihilar cancer.
SO - J Am Coll Surg 2002 Apr;194(4):551
9
UI - 11824055
AU - Frena A; Catalano P; La Guardia G; Martin F
TI -
[Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma]
SO - Chir Ital 2001 Nov-Dec;53(6):801-7
AD - Chirurgia Generale 2, Ospedale Regionale, Via Lorenz Bohler, 5, 39100
Bolzano.
The aims of the study were to evaluate the adequacy of the surgical
treatment and results of curative extended resections for gallbladder
cancer. To this end we carried out a retrospective analysis of 59
patients operated on at our institution from 1983 to 2000. Nineteen
patients received a curative resection with a radical intent (4 stage
I-II patients and 15 stage III-IV patients, according to the AJCC
classification). Kaplan-Meyer survival was 100% after one year and 66.6%
after five years for stage I-II patients; 44.4% after one year and 0%
after 5 years for stage III patients; 75.0% after one year and 0% after
5 years for stage IV patients. Our analysis confirms the poor prognosis
of gallbladder carcinoma. In stage I-II patients surgical treatment
offers a good chance of survival. In stage III-IV patients surgery
affords good palliation. "Curative" extended resection is, however, a
safe surgical procedure and offers a real possibility of enhancing
survival.
10
UI - 12115390
AU - Oohashi Y; Shirai Y; Wakai T; Nagakura S; Watanabe H; Hatakeyama K
TI -
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder warrants resection only if
curative resection is feasible.
SO - Cancer 2002 Jun 1;94(11):3000-5
AD - Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Adenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder
generally has been considered a lethal disease. The objective of this
study was to clarify the effectiveness of resection for patients with
adenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. METHODS:
Twenty-nine patients who underwent resection for either adenosquamous
carcinoma (n = 28 patients) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1 patient)
were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent radical
resection, whereas the other patients underwent primary tumor resection
alone. To elucidate the factors that influenced postresectional
survival, 10 variables (age, gender, presence or absence of gallstones,
size of the primary tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel
invasion, perineural invasion, TNM stage, residual tumor status, and
type of resection) were examined. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (79.3%)
were categorized with T3 or T4 tumors that invaded adjacent organs. The
outcome after undergoing radical resection (cumulative 5-year survival
rate, 48.6%) was significantly better compared with the outcome of
patients after undergoing primary tumor resection alone (cumulative
3-year survival rate, 7.7%; P = 0.004). The outcome after undergoing
resection was better in 14 patients who had no residual tumor
(cumulative 5-year survival rate, 62.9%) compared with the outcome in 15
patients who had residual tumor (cumulative 5-year survival rate, 0%; P
< 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that residual tumor status (P <
0.001), type of resection (P = 0.004), patient age (P = 0.012), and
blood vessel invasion (P = 0.017) were significant prognostic factors.
Residual tumor status (P = 0.026) was the only significant independent
prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Adenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of
the gallbladder warrants resection only if potentially curative (R0)
resection is feasible. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
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