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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Therapy of Bladder Cancer - August 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: August 1, 2002
- Radiotherapy and organ preservation in bladder cancer: are we ignoring the evidence?
- Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results.
- Controversies in uro-oncology. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting on Special Aspects of Radiotherapy. Berlin, Germany. June 2000.
- Outcome of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer.
- Invasive bladder cancer: organ preservation by radiochemotherapy.
- Radiation, chemotherapy and transurethral surgery: an organ-sparing alternative to the radical cystectomy.
- T1G3 bladder cancer--the case for TUR and BCG.
- Radiochemotherapy for T1G3 bladder cancer.
- Cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide to transitional carcinoma cells.
- Re: 25-year experience with replacement of the human bladder (Camey procedure).
- [Clinical study on super-selective camptothecin microsphere's embolization of internal iliac artery for bladder carcinoma]
- Transurethral resection for bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence endoscopy versus white light endoscopy.
- Critical evaluation of the problem of chronic urinary retention after orthotopic bladder substitution in women.
- Highlights of the Society of Urologic Oncology meeting, June 2, 2001.
- [Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal creation of a continent urinary diversion. Future or present?]
- [Evaluation of ther complementary drug Factor AF2 as a supportive agent in management of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Prospective randomized
- Bladder neoplasms after nephroureterectomy: does the surgery of the lower ureter, transurethral resection or open surgery, influence the
- Weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional cell urothelial cancer: a phase II trial.
- Chemoprevention of bladder cancer.
- Potential lifestyle and dietary supplement options for the prevention and postdiagnosis of bladder cancer.
- The anti-tumor activity of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in bladder cancer is associated with an increase in the circulating level of interleukin-2.
- [Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder tumors]
- [Endovesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder tumors]
- [Endovesical immunotherapy: Calmette-Guerin bacillus]
- [Photodynamic therapy for superficial bladder tumors]
- [Cystectomy for superficial bladder tumors]
- [Surveillance of superficial bladder tumors]
- [Management of superficial bladder tumors]
- [Survey on superficial bladder tumors with members of the French Association of Urology]
- Surgically treated transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. The role of radical surgery.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 12118016
AU - Gospodarowicz M
TI -
Radiotherapy and organ preservation in bladder cancer: are we ignoring
the evidence?
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Jul 15;20(14):3048-50
2
UI - 12118019
AU - Rodel C; Grabenbauer GG; Kuhn R; Papadopoulos T; Dunst J; Meyer M;
TI -
Schrott KM; Sauer R
Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive
bladder cancer: long-term results.
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Jul 15;20(14):3061-71
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Pathology, University of
Erlangen, Germany. claus.roedel@strahlen.med.uni-erlangen.de
PURPOSE: To evaluate our long-term experience with combined modality
treatment and selective bladder preservation and to identify factors
that may predict treatment response, risk of relapse, and survival.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 2000, 415 patients with bladder
cancer (high-risk T1, n = 89; T2 to T4, n = 326) were treated with
radiotherapy (RT; n = 126) or radiochemotherapy (RCT; n = 289) after
transurethral resection (TUR) of the tumor. Six weeks after RT/RCT,
response was evaluated by restaging-TUR. In case of complete response
(CR), patients were observed at regular intervals. In case of persistent
or recurrent invasive tumor, salvage-cystectomy was recommended. Median
follow-up was 60 months (range, 6 to 199 months). RESULTS: CR was
achieved in 72% of patients. Local control after CR without
muscle-invasive relapse was maintained in 64% of patients at 10 years.
Distant metastases were diagnosed in 98 patients with an actuarial rate
of 35% at 10 years. Ten-year disease-specific survival was 42%, and more
than 80% of survivors preserved their bladder. Early tumor stage and a
complete TUR were the most important factors predicting CR and survival.
RCT was more effective than RT alone in terms of CR and survival.
Salvage cystectomy for local failure was associated with a 45%
disease-specific survival rate at 10 years. Cystectomy because of a
contracted bladder was restricted to 2% of patients. CONCLUSION: TUR
with RCT is a reasonable option for patients seeking an alternative to
radical cystectomy. Ideal candidates are those with early-stage and
unifocal tumors, in whom a complete TUR is accomplished.
3
UI - 12168582
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Controversies in uro-oncology. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting on
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():1-196
4
UI - 11842741
AU - Gschwend JE
TI -
Outcome of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for invasive bladder
cancer.
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():106-17
AD - Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Germany.
juergen.gschwend@medizin.uni-ulm.de
5
UI - 11842742
AU - Rodel C; Grabenbauer GG; Kuhn R; Dunst J; Papadopoulos T; Schrott KM;
TI -
Sauer R
Invasive bladder cancer: organ preservation by radiochemotherapy.
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():118-30
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Erlangen, Germany.
claus.roedel@strahlen.med.uni-erlangen.de
6
UI - 11842743
AU - Zietman AL
TI -
Radiation, chemotherapy and transurethral surgery: an organ-sparing
alternative to the radical cystectomy.
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():131-46
AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.,
USA.
7
UI - 11842744
AU - Miller K
TI -
T1G3 bladder cancer--the case for TUR and BCG.
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():147-50
AD - Department of Urology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin,
Berlin, Germany. miller@ukbf.fu-berlin.de
8
UI - 11842745
AU - Dunst J; Rodel C; Diestelhorst A; Heynemann H; Schrott KM; Sauer R
TI -
Radiochemotherapy for T1G3 bladder cancer.
SO - Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2002;36():151-8
AD - Department of Radiotherapy, University of Halle, Germany.
juergen.dunst@medizin.uni-halle.de
9
UI - 12137851
AU - Pu YS; Hour TC; Chen J; Huang CY; Guan JY; Lu SH
TI -
Cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide to transitional carcinoma cells.
SO - Urology 2002 Aug;60(2):346-50
AD - Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National
Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of
China.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the therapeutic efficacy of arsenic trioxide
(As2O3) in human transitional cell carcinomas, we investigated the
potential use of the compound as a chemotherapeutic agent and the
possible cross-resistance with cisplatin in this malignancy. METHODS:
Three bladder transitional carcinoma cell lines, NTUB1, NTUB1/P
(cisplatin-resistant), and NTUB1/As (As2O3-resistant), were used. The
chemosensitivity of the three cell lines to cisplatin and As2O3 was
determined by the microculture tetrazolium assay. The modulatory effect
of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on As2O3 cytotoxicity was studied by
combining the two agents simultaneously or sequentially and evaluated
using the median-effect analysis. Cellular glutathione contents were
determined using a biochemical method. RESULTS: There was evident
cross-resistance between cisplatin and As2O3 in the cell model used. BSO
significantly enhanced As2O3 cytotoxicity in the three cell lines,
indicating synergism in combination. In the presence of 3 microM BSO,
the sensitivity of NTUB1, NTUB1/P, and NTUB1/As to As2O3 was increased
3, 7.4, and 8.4-fold, respectively. Among the three different
combination schedules, greater cytotoxic effects were obtained by
concurrent exposure to both agents. A significant dose-response
relationship was found between the BSO concentrations and glutathione
contents in NTUB1 (P = 0.007) and NTUB1/As (P = 0.05) but not NTUB1/P (P
= 0.1) cells. CONCLUSIONS: As2O3 in the presence of BSO may be an active
agent against transitional cell carcinoma. Our results have clinical
implications and warrant further investigation.
10
UI - 12050539
AU - Lilien OM
TI -
Re: 25-year experience with replacement of the human bladder (Camey
procedure).
SO - J Urol 2002 Jul;168(1):203
11
UI - 11798787
AU - Xu A; Wang X; Yu M
TI -
[Clinical study on super-selective camptothecin microsphere's
embolization of internal iliac artery for bladder carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2000 May;80(5):358-9
AD - Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of camptothecin microsphere's
embolization of the internal iliac artery for bladder carcinoma.
METHODS: Eighteen patients with inoperable and advanced bladder
carcinoma were treated with camptothecin microsphere's super-selective
embolization of the internal iliac artery. RESULTS: Tumor size was
reduced significantly, and tumor cells were damaged to various degrees
in 17 patients. Adverse effects were not found. CONCLUSION: Camptothecin
microsphere's embolization of the internal iliac artery is a safe and
effective therapy for inoperable and advanced bladder carcinoma.
12
UI - 12131291
AU - Kriegmair M; Zaak D; Rothenberger KH; Rassweiler J; Jocham D;
TI -
Eisenberger F; Tauber R; Stenzl A; Hofstetter A
Transurethral resection for bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid
induced fluorescence endoscopy versus white light endoscopy.
SO - J Urol 2002 Aug;168(2):475-8
AD - Department of Urology, Clinic Ebersberg and Klinikum Grosshadern,
Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Austria.
PURPOSE: Endoscopy done under fluorescence induced by 5-aminolevulinic
acid has proved to be a procedure with high sensitivity for detecting
transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In this multicenter,
parallel group, phase III study we compared 5-aminolevulinic acid
fluorescence endoscopy guided transurethral bladder resection with
transurethral bladder resection done using only white light endoscopy.
The proportion of tumor-free resected cases in the 2 groups was
evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After patient stratification according
to participating centers and European Organization for the Research and
Treatment of Cancer risk score 65 and 64 were randomized to the
5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence and white light endoscopy groups,
respectively. Residual tumor was evaluated in the 2 groups by repeat
transurethral resection 10 to 14 days later. Analysis was performed
according to the intent to treat principle with all patients randomized,
followed by per protocol analysis. RESULTS: Intent to treat analysis
revealed that in the white light endoscopy group 40.6% of cases were
resected tumor-free at primary resection, whereas with 5-aminolevulinic
acid fluorescence endoscopy guided transurethral resection 61.5% were
resected tumor-free (p <0014). On protocol analysis 46.9% patients in
the white light and 67.3% in the 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence
endoscopy groups were resected tumor-free (p <0.031). No difference was
noted in the 2 groups in regard to side effects or laboratory findings.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of residual tumor after transurethral resection of
transitional cell carcinoma is significantly decreased by
5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence endoscopy.
13
UI - 12131315
AU - Ali-El-Dein B; Gomha M; Ghoneim MA
TI -
Critical evaluation of the problem of chronic urinary retention after
orthotopic bladder substitution in women.
SO - J Urol 2002 Aug;168(2):587-92
AD - Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University,
Mansoura, Egypt.
PURPOSE: We studied the possible causes of chronic retention after
radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution in women.
with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 52 +/- 8 years
underwent standard radical cystectomy and orthotopic substitution for
organ confined bladder cancer. Videourodynamics, pelvic floor
electromyography, pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging and
pan-endoscopy were done. In the last 37 cases some technical
modifications were adopted to circumvent the development of chronic
urinary retention. RESULTS: One woman died postoperatively of massive
pulmonary embolism. Of the 100 patients evaluable at a mean followup of
36 months 95 were continent in the daytime, 86 were continent at night,
2 were completely incontinent and 16 were in chronic retention.
Videourodynamics showed that retention was mechanical in nature due to
the pouch falling back in the wide pelvic cavity, resulting in acute
angulation of the posterior pouch-urethral junction. In addition,
herniation of the pouch wall through the prolapsed vaginal stump was
observed in most cases. Pelvic floor electromyography demonstrated
complete pelvic floor silence during voiding. No abnormality of the
pelvic floor or rhabdosphincter was noted on magnetic resonance imaging.
Pan-endoscopy showed a normal urethra with no urethroileal stricture. A
4 mg. dose of the alpha1-adrenergic blocker doxazosin daily was
ineffective, excluding the possibility that sprouting from adjacent
adrenergic neurons into the denervated proximal urethral muscles may
have been the cause of this problem. After omental packing behind the
pouch, suturing of the peritoneum on the rectal wall to the vaginal
stump, suspension of the latter by the preserved round ligaments and
suspension of the pouch near its dome to the back of the rectus muscle
at cystectomy the incidence of chronic retention decreased from 18.7%
(14 of 75 cases) before to 8% (2 of 25) after modifications.
Furthermore, after vaginal wall descent was mechanically corrected by a
pessary there was significant improvement in evacuation. CONCLUSIONS:
Strong evidence was provided that chronic urinary retention after
orthotopic substitution is due to anatomical rather than to functional
or neurogenic reasons. Modifications to increase back support of the
pouch with ventral suspension near its dome and support the vaginal
stump are recommended to avoid this complication.
14
UI - 12131337
AU - Steinberg GD; Rinker-Schaeffer CW; Sokoloff MH; Brendler CB
TI -
Highlights of the Society of Urologic Oncology meeting, June 2, 2001.
SO - J Urol 2002 Aug;168(2):653-9
AD - Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine,
University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
15
UI - 11993087
AU - Turk I; Davis JW; Deger S; Winkelmann B; Schonberger B; Schellhammer PF;
TI -
Loening SA
[Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal creation of a
continent urinary diversion. Future or present?]
SO - Urologe A 2002 Mar;41(2):107-12
AD - Klinik fur Urologie, Universitatsklinikum Charite, Humboldt-Universitat,
Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin. ingolf.tuerk@charite.de
Once laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been mastered, the step to
performing a radical cystectomy is not that far. The challenge is to
create the urinary diversion by laparoscopy. In this report we describe
our experience with 11 laparoscopic radical cystectomies and
intracorporeal construction of a continent urinary diversion (Mainz
pouch II) as a treatment option in patients with muscle-invading bladder
cancer. All 11 procedures could be performed successfully. A conversion
to open surgery was not required in any case. The mean surgery time was
6.7 h. Except for two pouch fistulas we did not observe any intra- or
postoperative complications. The functional as well as the oncological
results are convincing. Less morbidity and faster recovery are the main
advantages of this minimally invasive procedure. In addition, the low
levels of blood loss, fluid shifts, and electrolyte loss considerably
reduce cardiovascular stress. Radical cystectomy and construction of a
continent urinary diversion represent the limit of technically feasible
laparoscopy and should be done exclusively in specialized centers.
16
UI - 11993095
AU - Krege S; Hinke A; Otto T; Rubben H
TI -
[Evaluation of ther complementary drug Factor AF2 as a supportive agent
in management of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Prospective randomized
multicenter study]
SO - Urologe A 2002 Mar;41(2):164-8
AD - Klinik fur Urologie, Universitatsklinikums Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55,
45122 Essen. susanne.krege@uni-essen.de
This is a prospective randomized multicenter trial for evaluation of the
biological response modifier Factor AF2 in advanced urothelial cancer
treated with chemotherapy. Main aim of the study was the analysis of
supportive effects. Additionally patients were examined with regard to
tumor response, time to progression and survival. 106 patients with
advanced urothelial cancer received chemotherapy with cisplatin and
methotrexate. They were randomized for additional Factor AF2 (500 mg
i.v., given at days 0-3, 7-10 and 11-14). Myelotoxicity was more common
and severe in the group without Factor AF2 reaching statistical
significance. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in both groups,
though grade III to IV toxicity was more common without Factor AF2.
Overall remission rate was 38%, median survival 33 weeks, mean time to
progression 20 weeks. There was no significant difference between the
two groups with or without Factor AF2.
17
UI - 11999462
AU - Salvador-Bayarri J; Rodriguez-Villamil L; Imperatore V; Palou Redorta J;
TI -
Villavicencio-Mavrich H; Vicente-Rodriguez J
Bladder neoplasms after nephroureterectomy: does the surgery of the
lower ureter, transurethral resection or open surgery, influence the
evolution?
SO - Eur Urol 2002 Jan;41(1):30-3
AD - Departament of Urology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.
urologia@fundacio-puigvert.es
OBJECTIVE: Nephroureterectomy is the treatment of choice for tumors of
the upper urinary tract (UUTT). In 1952, a modified version of this
technique was described, involving endoscopic detachment of the ureter
followed by nephroureterectomy with a single lumbar incision. We
reviewed a retrospective survey to assess whether UUTT patients treated
with nephroureterectomy with no prior history of bladder tumor had
different rates of incidence or different sites of bladder recurrence
according to the specific technique employed. METHODS: Patients were
divided into group A, 87 patients who underwent a double incision
nephroureterectomy and group B with 58 patients with prior detachment of
the ureter. In both groups, incidence was calculated for two variables
(bladder tumor recurrences and homolaterality of such recurrences) and
chi-square tested. Results: Bladder tumor was diagnosed at follow-up in
39% of patients in group A and 34.5% in group B, with no statistically
significant difference (N.S.). Bladder tumor recurrences were
homolateral to UUTT in 50% of group A cases and 55% of group B cases
(N.S.). CONCLUSIONS: Although this is a retrospective survey of two
asynchronous groups, given the similar nature of the UUTT cases in both
groups and the fact that no statistically significant differences have
been found, it is reasonable to conclude that nephroureterectomy with
prior endoscopic detachment of the ureter is a safe and radical
procedure.
18
UI - 11886001
AU - Pectasides D; Glotsos J; Bountouroglou N; Kouloubinis A; Mitakidis N;
TI -
Karvounis N; Ziras N; Athanassiou A
Weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in
advanced transitional cell urothelial cancer: a phase II trial.
SO - Ann Oncol 2002 Feb;13(2):243-50
AD - First Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa's Memorial Cancer Hospital,
Piraeus, Greece. pectasid@otenet.gr
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of
weekly docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional
cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five
chemotherapy-naive (adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was allowed)
patients with advanced TCC received intravenous docetaxel 35 mg/m2,
gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2, on days 1 and 8 every 3
weeks. Prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was given from
days 3 to 6 and days 10 to 15, anti-emetics were used routinely.
RESULTS: Most (27) patients (77.1%) had a performance status of 0 to 1
and eight (22.9%) had received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant
cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the
objective response rate was 65.6% [23/35 patients, 95% confidence
interval (CI) 47.8% to 80.9%]. Ten patients (28.5%) achieved a complete
response (95% CI 14.6% to 46.3%) and 13 (37.1%) a partial response (95%
CI 21.5% to 55.0%). Median survival time was 15.5 months, median
duration of response was 10.2 months and median time to progression was
8.9 months. Ten patients (28.5%) developed grade 3/4 neutropenia,
including five (14.3%) who experienced febrile neutropenia, which was
successfully treated. Grade 3/4 anaemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in
20% and 25.7% of patients, respectively; four patients required platelet
transfusions. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS:
Weekly docetaxel, gemcitabine plus cisplatin is a highly effective
treatment for chemotherapy-naive advanced TCC, and causes only moderate
toxicity. This regimen should be considered as a suitable option that
deserves further prospective evaluation through randomised phase III
trials.
19
UI - 12109342
AU - Kamat AM; Lamm DL
TI -
Chemoprevention of bladder cancer.
SO - Urol Clin North Am 2002 Feb;29(1):157-68
AD - Department of Urology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA. akamat@pol.net
The data presented herein, although highly supportive for a protective
role of various nutrients against bladder cancer, are far from
definitive. Many authorities question the validity of current
recommendations for nutritional chemoprevention against bladder cancer.
The reason for the wide variations reported in epidemiologic studies
lies in the nature of observational studies. Dietary studies are limited
in their conclusions because the protection afforded by the consumption
of a particular nutrient may be multifactorial, with different
components of the food exerting potential chemopreventive effects.
Furthermore, measuring levels of nutrients in the food intake of
populations is confounded by factors that might affect these levels and
also the incidence of cancer. For example, vitamin A can come from
animal or vegetarian sources. Because animal fat has been identified as
a potential carcinogen in man, depending on the source of the vitamin,
varying levels of protection might be deduced. In addition,
chemoprevention studies using dietary supplements are expected to have
mild effects, and large studies would be required to confirm statistical
significance. Even with agents such as intravesical chemotherapy, only
half the studies achieve statistical significance [29]. Prospective
randomized trials with a large sample size, longer follow-up, and an
extended duration of treatment are needed to clarify the association
between micronutrients and cancer protection. With these caveats in
mind, several recommendations can be made. Simple measures, such as
drinking more fluids (especially water), can have a profound impact on
the incidence of bladder cancer. Vitamins are being extensively studied
in chemopreventive trials for different cancers. There is strong
evidence for a chemoprotective effect of vitamin A in bladder cancer.
The authors recommend 32,000 IU/day of vitamin A initially, with lower
doses (24,000 IU) for persons less than 50 kg. Because liver toxicity is
a possibility with long-term administration, the dose should be
decreased to 16,000 IU after 3 years. High doses of beta-carotene should
be avoided based on a large clinical trial reporting a 25% increase in
the number of cases of prostate cancer and a statistically significant
increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Vitamin B6 has been studied in
several clinical trials in bladder cancer. The US-based Veterans
Administration cooperative study found benefit for vitamin B6 when given
as a single agent. Data for vitamins C and E are insufficient to
recommend either agent as stand-alone treatment. Nonetheless, each of
these vitamins is known to have beneficial effects, including improved
function of the immune system. It is possible that only a small
percentage of patients with bladder cancer respond to vitamins B6, C, or
E, yet each is safe, nontoxic, and inexpensive. In an effort to pool the
efficacy of individual agents and to increase the power of study, the
authors evaluated the combination of vitamins A, B6, C, and E in a
double-blind trial. The observed 50% 5-year reduction in tumor
recurrence was highly significant and greater than would be expected for
any of the individual ingredients and suggests that combinations of
nutritional agents may be most appropriate. A large-volume study along
similar lines is being conducted. Among the numerous other compounds and
dietary substances purported to have chemopreventive effect, soybeans,
garlic, and green tea stand out as having the greatest promise and can
freely be recommended to patients. For synthetically synthesized agents
such as celecoxib, piroxicam, or DFMO, recommendations must be deferred
until the results of clinical trials are conclusively in favor of their
use. Many of the dietary factors found to be protective against bladder
cancer are being investigated in other cancers and are beneficial to
general health. Although naturally occurring nutrients are ideal,
especially because the delicate balance of various micronutrients might
be impossible to synthesize in the laboratory, the general population
finds it easier to take vitamin supplements. Unfortunately, dietary
changes such as decreasing fat and increasing fruit and vegetable intake
are more difficult to initiate. There is a mistaken notion that simply
because an agent is naturally occurring, it cannot be as beneficial as
taking a substance synthesized in the laboratory. Even in a high-risk
group such as nuclear-bomb survivors in Japan, high consumption of
vegetables and fruit is protective against bladder cancer [44].
Encouraging patients to follow an essentially healthy food habit
lifestyle will be a significant contribution in the fight against
cancer.
20
UI - 12109354
AU - Moyad MA
TI -
Potential lifestyle and dietary supplement options for the prevention
and postdiagnosis of bladder cancer.
SO - Urol Clin North Am 2002 Feb;29(1):31-48, viii
AD - Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East
Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0330, USA. moyad@umich.edu
Apart from smoking, certain occupational exposures, and schistosomiasis,
little is known about other potential lifestyle risk factors for bladder
cancer. Other investigations thus far have also been important because
of the large number of individuals who are diagnosed with this cancer
that apparently have no known risk factors. Preventing the recurrence of
bladder cancer has generated some interest because several preliminary
trials have found that a combination dietary supplement of vitamins and
minerals or a probiotic agent (Lactobacillus casei) may impact this
outcome favorably. Advising patients on some of these lifestyle
modifications is currently recommended because the majority of them are
also currently recommended for cardiovascular disease reduction.
21
UI - 11947931
AU - Magno C; Melloni D; Gali A; Mucciardi G; Nicocia G; Morandi B; Melioli
TI -
G; Ferlazzo G
The anti-tumor activity of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in bladder cancer is
associated with an increase in the circulating level of interleukin-2.
SO - Immunol Lett 2002 May 1;81(3):235-8
AD - Unita di Urologia, Universita' degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently employed in the treatment of
superficial bladder cancer but, despite its recognized effectiveness in
preventing recurrences and progression, the immune mechanisms behind its
antitumor activity remain to be delineated. In this study we provide
evidence that a prolonged increase in the plasma levels of IL-2, but not
IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2R or TNF-alpha occured in patients affected
by bladder cancer following effective BCG treatment. Conversely, a drop
in circulating IL-2 was consistently associated with tumor relapse. The
level of IL-2 was elevated even further 15 days after the last BCG
administration in patients who did not experience tumor recurrence,
suggesting a prolonged T cell-mediated response against antigens other
than BCG. Our results indicate that a specific type 1 immune response
plays a major role in the anti-cancer activity of BCG. In addition,
monitoring IL-2 plasma levels may offer a useful tool for predicting
tumor recurrences.
22
UI - 11769072
AU - Gattegno B; Chopin D
TI -
[Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1023-30
23
UI - 11769074
AU - Chopin D; Gattegno B
TI -
[Endovesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1047-64
24
UI - 11769075
AU - Chopin D; Saint F; Gattegno B
TI -
[Endovesical immunotherapy: Calmette-Guerin bacillus]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1067-115
25
UI - 11769076
AU - Gattegno B; Chopin D
TI -
[Photodynamic therapy for superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1119-24
26
UI - 11769077
AU - Gattegno B; Chopin D
TI -
[Cystectomy for superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1127-41
27
UI - 11769079
AU - Gattegno B; Chopin D
TI -
[Surveillance of superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1151-7
28
UI - 11769080
AU - Gattegno B; Chopin D
TI -
[Management of superficial bladder tumors]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1161-74
29
UI - 11769081
AU - Gattegno B; Ciofu C; Chopin D; Association Francaise d'Urologie
TI -
[Survey on superficial bladder tumors with members of the French
Association of Urology]
SO - Prog Urol 2001 Nov;11(5):1177-90
30
UI - 12070550
AU - Al-Ali MA; Kashmoula DM; Haddad LF
TI -
Surgically treated transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. The role
of radical surgery.
SO - Saudi Med J 2002 Jun;23(6):695-9
AD - Department of Urology, The Royal Hospitals of St Bartholomew and The
London, United Kingdom. alalimun@hotmail.com
OBJECTIVE: To assess the treatment outcome and differentiate between the
individual behavior of the tumor stages that were studied (Ta, T1, and
T2a) with special reference to T2a tumors. METHODS: This study was
carried out at Al-Rasheed Military Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during a 12
year period. Fifty-six patients with Ta, T1, and T2a (superficial
invasion of muscularis propria) transitional cell carcinomas of the
bladder, have been retrospectively analyzed. They were treated
surgically with either transurethral of the bladder tumor (N=45) or
radical surgery (N=11). Tumors with frequent recurrences or mulifocal or
extending to the ureter or vesical outlet were treated with radical
surgery. No adjuvant intraveiscal chemotherapy or bacillus
calmette-guerin therapy was practiced. RESULTS: All Ta tumors were
controlled by transurethral of the bladder tumor treatment. Seventy-five
percent of T1 tumors were controlled by transurethral of the bladder
treatment and 25% qualified for radical surgery according to our
criteria. Sixty percent of T2a tumors were controlled by transurethral
of the bladder treatment and 40% warranted radical surgery. No stage
progression occurred in Ta and T1 lesions, but 27% of T2a lesions
(superficial invasion of muscularis propria) progressed to T2b (deep
invasion of muscularis propria). All grade 2a lesions of all stages
under study were controlled by transurethral of the bladder treatment.
Of 6 patients with T2a grades 2b and 3 tumors, 5 patients (83%)
qualified for radical surgery. No distant metastasis occurred during the
observation period, which ranged from 4 months to 12 years (mean 51
months). Seventy-five percent of all patients, 78% of the transurethral
of the bladder treatment group and 64% of the radical surgery group are
alive and free of disease for 5 years or more. CONCLUSION: Radical
surgery is indicated for T1 and T2a bladder carcinomas if they were
multifocal, or extending to the ureter or the vesical outlet or
frequently recurring within the first year, specially if they were T1
tumors of grade 3 or T2a tumors of grades 2b and 3. Transurethral
resection is justifiable for grades 1 and 2a, low risk T2a tumors.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
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