- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer Center
NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer - September 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: September 1, 2002
- Irregular regeneration of hepatocytes and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis: an emerging issue.
- G(1)-phase specific apoptosis in liver carcinoma cell line induced by copper-1,10-phenanthroline.
- De novo tumors after orthotopic liver transplantation.
- Overexpression of a splice variant of DNA methyltransferase 3b, DNMT3b4, associated with DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions
- Identification of serum anti-human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) auto-antibodies during progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
- MR imaging of benign hepatic tumors.
- MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Post-treatment malignant liver lesions. MR imaging.
- Molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma arising from primary biliary cirrhosis in Japan.
- Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India. III. Liver.
- Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water.
- Mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C virus in French
- Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in bone marrow. A sinusoidal neoplasm with blastic cytologic features.
- Benign liver neoplasms.
- Malignant liver tumors.
- [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic malignant cystic tumors]
- INK4a-ARF alterations in liver cell adenoma.
- [Prognostic value of CLIP score system for patients with resection of hepatocellular carcinoma]
- [Infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue]
- Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient using melanoma antigen-1 (MAGE-1)
- Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: ferumoxides-enhanced versus mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging.
- Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: can double arterial phase imaging with multidetector CT improve tumor depiction in the cirrhotic
- Dominance of functional androgen receptor allele with longer CAG repeat in hepatitis B virus-related female hepatocarcinogenesis.
- Linkage of elevated ets-2 expression to hepatocarcinogenesis.
- Clinical features, etiology, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma among different countries.
- A sequel to favorable and unfavorable histology.
- Soluble interleukin-6 receptor enhanced by oncostatin M induces major changes in gene expression profile of human hepatoma cells.
- [Trends in the incidence of hepatic tumors in childhood]
- Assessment of chromosomal losses and gains in hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Feasibility and complications of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction at King Chulalongkorn Memorial
- Detection of MRP1 mRNA in human tumors and tumor cell lines by in situ RT-PCR.
- Mutation analysis of K-ras-2 in liver angiosarcoma and adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissue from patients occupationally exposed to vinyl
- [Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas: associations with clinical parameters]
- Current value of intraoperative sonography during surgery for hepatic neoplasms.
- Genetic alterations of INK4alpha/ARF locus and p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
- [Influencing factors of local immunocyte infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues pre- and post-percutaneous microwave coagulation
- [CT manifestations of primary hepatic sarcoma]
- Special focus session: multidetector CT: abdominal visceral imaging.
- Radiologically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: retrospective study of 119 cases evaluating diagnostic
- Spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma on triple phase helical CT: a pictorial essay.
- EGFR is a transducer of the urokinase receptor initiated signal that is required for in vivo growth of a human carcinoma.
- Altered expression of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlations with genetic alterations, beta-catenin expression, and
- Trends in deaths from malignant neoplasia of liver are poor indicator of hepatitis C infection.
- Increased mortality from liver cancer in England and Wales is not related to hepatitis C.
- [Benign hepatic tumors: diagnostic management and therapeutic outcome]
- Survival of patients staged by FDG-PET before resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.
- Demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: survey of 414 patients from four countries.
- Is obesity an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis?
- Spontaneous tumour rupture and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
- [Effect of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy on local immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]
- [Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1F and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma]
- Percutaneous transhepatic portography with intravascular ultrasonography for evaluation of venous involvement of hepatobiliary and pancreatic
- [Contribution of spiral CT for the early diagnosis of hepato-cellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients]
- Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis: have programmes improved because patients have?
- Serum concentrations of human hepatocyte growth factor is a useful indicator for predicting the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinomas in
- Beta 1-integrin protects hepatoma cells from chemotherapy induced apoptosis via a mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent pathway.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11866295
AU - Miyakawa H; Fujikawa H; Kikuchi K; Kitazawa E; Kawashima Y
TI -
Irregular regeneration of hepatocytes and development of hepatocellular
carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 2002 Feb;97(2):488
2
UI - 12154346
AU - Bruno R; Sacchi P; Filice C; Puoti M; Filice G
TI -
Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients with chronic
hepatitis: an emerging issue.
SO - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002 Aug 15;30(5):535-6
3
UI - 11943598
AU - Zhou H; Zheng C; Zou G; Tao D; Gong J
TI -
G(1)-phase specific apoptosis in liver carcinoma cell line induced by
copper-1,10-phenanthroline.
SO - Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002 Jun;34(6):678-84
AD - College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China.
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the mediation of cell
killing. But the mechanistic links between reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and cell death remains unclear. There was a speculation that ROS,
especially hydroxyl radicals can induce necrosis but not apoptosis in
cells treated with copper-1,10-phenanthroline, IICu(OP)(2). In this
paper, liver carcinoma cell line (Bel-7402) was treated with IICu(OP)(2)
and its effect was examined by several means. Cells were found to
undergo changes characteristic of apoptosis. Hoechst staining showed
apoptotic body appeared in the cells induced by IICu(OP)(2). When DNA
extracted from the cells treated with IICu(OP)(2) was analyzed by
agarose gel electrophoresis it generated 'ladder' pattern of
discontinuous DNA fragments. Sub-G(1) peak was detected in treated
cells. Furthermore, two different flow cytometric methods were used,
each allowing us to relate the apoptotic cells to the position the
cell-cycle position. Apoptosis induced by IICu(OP)(2) was limited to
G(1)-phase cells. Using cyclin analysis, the expression of cyclin E in
G(1) was blocked. Thus, it was concluded that IICu(OP)(2) can induce
G(1)-phase specific apoptosis in Bel-7402.
4
UI - 11959293
AU - Jimenez C; Rodriguez D; Marques E; Loinaz C; Alonso O; Hernandez-Vallejo
TI -
G; Marin L; Rodriguez F; Garcia I; Moreno E
De novo tumors after orthotopic liver transplantation.
SO - Transplant Proc 2002 Feb;34(1):297-8
AD - Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ
Transplantation, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
5
UI - 12110732
AU - Saito Y; Kanai Y; Sakamoto M; Saito H; Ishii H; Hirohashi S
TI -
Overexpression of a splice variant of DNA methyltransferase 3b, DNMT3b4,
associated with DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions
during human hepatocarcinogenesis.
SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Jul 23;99(15):10060-5
AD - Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1
Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions is an early and
frequent event associated with heterochromatin instability during human
hepatocarcinogenesis. A DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3b, is required for
methylation on pericentromeric satellite regions during mouse
development. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying DNA
hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions during human
hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined mutations of the DNMT3b gene and mRNA
expression levels of splice variants of DNMT3b in noncancerous liver
tissues showing chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which are considered to
be precancerous conditions, and in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).
Mutation of the DNMT3b gene was not found in HCCs. Overexpression of
DNMT3b4, a splice variant of DNMT3b lacking conserved methyltransferase
motifs IX and X, significantly correlated with DNA hypomethylation on
pericentromeric satellite regions in precancerous conditions and HCCs (P
= 0.0001). In particular, the ratio of expression of DNMT3b4 to that of
DNMT3b3, which is the major splice variant in normal liver tissues and
retains conserved methyltransferase motifs I, IV, VI, IX, and X, showed
significant correlation with DNA hypomethylation (P = 0.009).
Transfection of human epithelial 293 cells with DNMT3b4 cDNA induced DNA
demethylation on satellite 2 in pericentromeric heterochromatin DNA.
These results suggest that overexpression of DNMT3b4, which may lack DNA
methyltransferase activity and compete with DNMT3b3 for targeting to
pericentromeric satellite regions, results in DNA hypomethylation on
these regions, even in precancerous stages, and plays a critical role in
human hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing chromosomal instability.
6
UI - 12185596
AU - Masutomi K; Kaneko S; Yasukawa M; Arai K; Murakami S; Kobayashi K
TI -
Identification of serum anti-human telomerase reverse transcriptase
(hTERT) auto-antibodies during progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Oncogene 2002 Aug 29;21(38):5946-50
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of
Medicine, Takara-Machi 13-1, Japan.
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, hTERT, is the catalytic
component of human telomerase. Expression of hTERT confers telomerase
activity, indicating that hTERT is the rate-limiting component of human
telomerase. Here we report the detection of anti-hTERT auto-antibodies
in the sera derived patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using
recombinant, purified hTERT as an antigen in an enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of anti-hTERT antibodies in
serum correlated with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. In
contrast, we detected only low levels of anti-hTERT auto-antibodies in
the sera derived from 18 normal volunteers. The observation of hTERT
auto-antibodies in the sera derived from cancer patients suggests that
such auto-antibodies constitute novel and specific tumor marker.
7
UI - 11998568
AU - Motohara T; Semelka RC; Nagase L
TI -
MR imaging of benign hepatic tumors.
SO - Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2002 Feb;10(1):1-14
AD - Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of
Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Use of a state-of-the-art pattern recognition approach and the
combination of various MR sequences and contrast enhancement techniques
makes it possible to diagnose most benign hepatic tumors with
confidence.
8
UI - 11998574
AU - Hussain SM; Semelka RC; Mitchell DG
TI -
MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2002 Feb;10(1):31-52, v
AD - Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam,
The Netherlands. smhussain62@hotmail.com
In this article, MR imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
are described. To better understand the MR imaging features of HCC,
recent progress regarding its etiology, treatment, carcinogenesis,
histology, and gross pathology will be described. Currently, T2-weighted
fast spin-echo with fat saturation, and multiphasic dynamic
gadolinium-enhanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional T1-weighted
gradient echo imaging provides excellent results for detection and
characterization of HCC.
9
UI - 11998575
AU - Braga L; Semelka RC; Pedro MS; de Barros N
TI -
Post-treatment malignant liver lesions. MR imaging.
SO - Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2002 Feb;10(1):53-73
AD - Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of
Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
MR imaging is very accurate in the diagnosis and staging of tumors and
in surgical planning. MR imaging is also an excellent method for
evaluation of the liver after surgical resection, systemic or local
tumor therapies, and liver transplantation. It permits early recognition
of complications and the presence of recurrent tumor, providing an
opportunity to repeat treatment or use alternative treatment. Surgical
resection remains the standard therapy for treating liver metastases.
The relatively small number of patients who are candidates for curative
resection have provided impetus for the implementation and improvement
of other techniques. The variety of techniques and the sensitivity for
contrast enhancement have made MR imaging an ideal method to follow the
response of tumors to various treatment approaches. The appearance of
tumor recurrence and the response to treatment are relatively
consistently shown on MR images; however, the time course of change in
lesion appearance has not been fully elucidated, particularly in the
setting of chemotherapy. Evaluating the response to chemotherapy is
rendered complex because of the longer duration of the therapy, the
types of response that various chemotherapeutic agents engender, the
method of action of this therapy and the time of imaging in relation to
therapy. The various local therapies share some general principles of
action, and many have similar MR imaging findings. Some local therapies
are effective only with certain malignancies (e.g., alcohol therapy and
HCC), whereas other therapies are more limited because of the size of
the tumor kill zone (e.g., interstitial laser therapy). We are in the
early stages of using MR imaging to guide local therapies and to monitor
response during treatment in real time. This appears to be an important
future direction for MR imaging. The role of MR imaging in liver
transplantation involves pre- and postoperative investigation of both
donors (in the case of living-related transplantation) and recipients.
These issues are described further in the section on MR imaging of liver
transplantation.
10
UI - 12149612
AU - Thorgeirsson SS; Grisham JW
TI -
Molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Nat Genet 2002 Aug;31(4):339-46
AD - Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA. snorri_thorgeirsson@nih.gov
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a slow process during which genomic changes
progressively alter the hepatocellular phenotype to produce cellular
intermediates that evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma. During the long
preneoplastic stage, in which the liver is often the site of chronic
hepatitis, cirrhosis, or both, hepatocyte cycling is accelerated by
upregulation of mitogenic pathways, in part through epigenetic
mechanisms. This leads to the production of monoclonal populations of
aberrant and dysplastic hepatocytes that have telomere erosion and
telomerase re-expression, sometimes microsatellite instability, and
occasionally structural aberrations in genes and chromosomes.
Development of dysplastic hepatocytes in foci and nodules and emergence
of hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with the accumulation of
irreversible structural alterations in genes and chromosomes, but the
genomic basis of the malignant phenotype is heterogeneous. The malignant
hepatocyte phenotype may be produced by the disruption of a number of
genes that function in different regulatory pathways, producing several
molecular variants of hepatocellular carcinoma. New strategies should
enable these variants to be characterized.
11
UI - 9672372
AU - Tanaka K; Shibuya A; Naitoh M; Komatsu T; Amaki S; Shibata M; Miyakawa H
TI -
Hepatocellular carcinoma arising from primary biliary cirrhosis in
Japan.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 1998 Jul;93(7):1190-1
12
UI - 9695391
AU - Dhir V; Mohandas KM
TI -
Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India. III. Liver.
SO - Indian J Gastroenterol 1998 Jul-Sep;17(3):100-3
AD - Division of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial
Hospital, Mumbai.
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth commonest
cause of cancer deaths in the world. The condition is extremely common
in Southeast Asia and Africa. In this report the available data on the
epidemiology of HCC from India are summarized. We estimate that 12,750
new patients will be diagnosed to have HCC in India in the year 2001;
this will comprise 1.6% of all incident cancers. Published studies from
India and those involving Indian immigrants to other countries suggest
that the prevalence of HCC is relatively lower in Indians than in most
parts of the world. This contrasts with the widespread contamination of
foods with aflatoxin and the moderately high prevalence of hepatitis B
(HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus-related chronic liver disease in
India. There are no studies available to explain this observation. There
are several articles on HBV and HCC in India but there is a paucity of
analytical epidemiological data on HCV and HCC from India. Published
studies indicate HBV to be the single most important etiologic
association, with HCV playing a lesser but important role. About 80% of
Indian patients with HCC have hepatitis virus-associated liver disease.
Multicenter epidemiological studies are needed to solve some of the
enigmas and observations peculiar to India.
13
UI - 10903620
AU - Morales KH; Ryan L; Kuo TL; Wu MM; Chen CJ
TI -
Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water.
SO - Environ Health Perspect 2000 Jul;108(7):655-61
AD - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
02115, USA.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is under a congressional
mandate to revise its current standard for arsenic in drinking water. We
present a risk assessment for cancers of the bladder, liver, and lung
from exposure to arsenic in water, based on data from 42 villages in an
arseniasis-endemic region of Taiwan. We calculate excess lifetime risk
estimates for several variations of the generalized linear model and for
the multistage-Weibull model. Risk estimates are sensitive to the model
choice, to whether or not a comparison population is used to define the
unexposed disease mortality rates, and to whether the comparison
population is all of Taiwan or just the southwestern region. Some
factors that may affect risk could not be evaluated quantitatively: the
ecologic nature of the data, the nutritional status of the study
population, and the dietary intake of arsenic. Despite all of these
sources of uncertainty, however, our analysis suggests that the current
standard of 50 microg/L is associated with a substantial increased risk
of cancer and is not sufficiently protective of public health.
14
UI - 11283811
AU - Cacoub P; Geffray L; Rosenthal E; Perronne C; Veyssier P; Raguin G;
TI -
Joint Study Group on Hepatitis C Virus of the French National Society of
Internal Medicine and the French Society of Infectious Diseases (GERMVIC
Study Group)
Mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with
cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C virus in French
Departments of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, in 1995 and 1997.
SO - Clin Infect Dis 2001 Apr 15;32(8):1207-14
AD - Dept of Internal Medicine, Hopital La Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
patrice.cacoub@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Several studies have suggested that the progression of hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infection is more severe in patients infected by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two national retrospective multicenter
cohort surveys were performed in France that included 17,487
HIV-infected patients during 1995 and 26,497 during 1997. The following
data was evaluated: total number of deaths; number of deaths linked to
AIDS, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and number of deaths
related to other (non-HCV--linked) causes. In 1995, the causes of death
were as follows: AIDS, 1307 (7.47%); cirrhosis or HCC, 21 (0.12%); and
other (non-HCV--linked) causes, 99 (0.56%). In 1997, the causes of
deaths were as follows: AIDS, 459 (1.73%); cirrhosis or HCC 36 (0.13%);
and other (non-HCV--linked) causes, 48 (0.18%). Comparative results
between the 1995 and 1997 surveys showed a dramatic decrease in
AIDS-related mortality rates (7.47% vs. 1.73%; P<.001) but not in
HCV-related mortality rates (0.06% vs. 0.07%; P=.79). In France, despite
the high prevalence of HCV infection in HIV-positive patients, the
mortality rate in 1995 and 1997 caused by HCV-related cirrhosis or HCC
was low.
15
UI - 11554170
AU - Vega F; Medeiros LJ; Bueso-Ramos C; Jones D; Lai R; Luthra R; Abruzzo LV
TI -
Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in bone marrow. A sinusoidal
neoplasm with blastic cytologic features.
SO - Am J Clin Pathol 2001 Sep;116(3):410-9
AD - Dept of Hematopathology, Box 72, University of Texas M.D. Anderson
Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
We report 8 cases of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) involving
bone marrow and correlate histologic findings with disease progression.
Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated mature, aberrant gamma/delta
T-cell immunophenotypes. Isochromosome 7q was identified in 4 cases; 1
case showed the t(7;14)(q34;q13). Seven of 7 cases tested had monoclonal
TCR gamma gene rearrangements. The initial diagnostic bone marrow biopsy
specimens were hypercellular with a frequently subtle, predominantly
sinusoidal infiltrate of atypical small to medium-sized lymphoid cells.
In all cases, aspirate smears at diagnosis and in subsequent specimens
contained malignant cells that resembled blasts, some with fine
cytoplasmic granules. With progression, the pattern of HSTCL in bone
marrow biopsy specimens became increasingly interstitial, and the
neoplastic cells became larger. In aspirate smears, the proportion of
blasts increased. Seven patients died; 1 was lost to follow-up. Autopsy
performed on 1 patient demonstrated malignant cells within vascular
channels in all organs sampled, with relatively little tumor formation,
resembling intravascular lymphoma at these sites. HSTCL often can be
recognized in bone marrow by its unique combination of a sinusoidal
pattern in core biopsy specimens and blastic cytology in aspirate
smears.
16
UI - 11933585
AU - Mortele KJ; Ros PR
TI -
Benign liver neoplasms.
SO - Clin Liver Dis 2002 Feb;6(1):119-45
AD - Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. kmortele@partners.org
A variety of benign focal liver lesions are easily characterized with
currently available imaging techniques and contrast agents. The most
common benign liver lesions, such as hemangioma, bile duct cyst, and
FNH, reveal characteristic cross-sectional imaging features that allow
an accurate diagnosis. For atypical variants and more uncommon lesions,
including HCA, angiomyelioma, infantile hemagioendothelioma, and
mesenchymal hamartoma, integration of clinical data can often help in
the interpretation of imaging studies. Finally, for the remaining
lesions, such as hepatic adenomatosis, the imaging findings may not be
specific enough to negate the need for a tissue biopsy.
17
UI - 11933586
AU - Levy AD
TI -
Malignant liver tumors.
SO - Clin Liver Dis 2002 Feb;6(1):147-64
AD - Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology,
Washington, DC, USA. levya@afip.osd.mil
The primary hepatic malignancies are a diverse group of neoplasms with
distinctive clinical and pathologic features. Imaging of the primary
hepatic malignancies continues to be challenging. Ultrasonography, CT
scanning, and MR imaging play complementary roles in the evaluation of
these patients. Many [figure: see text] of these neoplasms have
distinctive imaging features that may permit diagnosis. In most
instances, however, biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis and
treatment planning.
18
UI - 12015043
AU - Liang P; Dong B; Yu A; Cao B; Yu X; Yu D; Su L
TI -
[Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic malignant cystic tumors]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2002 Mar;24(2):178-80
AD - Department of Ultrasound, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of gray scale and color
Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of hepatic malignant cystic tumors.
METHODS: Characteristics of gray scale and color Doppler sonography were
studied in 16 cases of malignant hepatic tumors confirmed by pathology.
Tumor size, shape, number of lesion, thickness of cystic wall and
echogenecity of the lesion were observed with gray scale sonography.
Blood supply of the tumor and its velocity were observed with Color
Doppler sonography. RESULTS: One single lesion was common in primary
malignancy while multiple lesions signified metastasis. Sonographic
findings revealed that the shape of the tumor was spheroid in 8 cases,
irregular in 5 and leaf-shaped in 3, with the diameter varying from 1.9
cm to 13.6 cm. Sonography showed malignant cystic tumor with irregular
thick wall in 15 cases, multiple septa in 7 cases and papillary
projections in 6 on gray scale. Color Doppler flow signal was detected
in the irregular thick wall, multiple septa or papillary projections in
14 cases, of which the arterial blood flow signals were demonstrated in
13. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler is able to clearly detect the blood flow
signals in the irregular thick wall, multiple septa or papillary
projections, providing an important sign for the diagnosis of hepatic
malignant cystic tumors.
19
UI - 12117890
AU - Tannapfel A; Busse C; Geissler F; Witzigmann H; Hauss J; Wittekind C
TI -
INK4a-ARF alterations in liver cell adenoma.
SO - Gut 2002 Aug;51(2):253-8
AD - Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr 26, 04103
Leipzig, Germany. tana@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
BACKGROUND: The INK4a-ARF (CDKN2A) locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes two
tumour suppressor proteins, p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF), whose functions are
inactivated in many human cancers. AIMS: To evaluate p14(ARF) and
p16(INK4a) alterations in liver cell adenoma. METHODS: After
microdissection, DNA from 25 liver cell adenomas and corresponding
normal liver tissue were analysed for INK4-ARF inactivation by DNA
sequence analysis, methylation specific polymerase chain reaction,
restriction enzyme related-polymerase chain reaction (RE-PCR), mRNA
expression, microsatellite analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In
addition, microdeletion of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) were assessed by
differential PCR. RESULTS: Methylation of p14(ARF) was found in 3/25
cases (12%) and alterations in p16(INK4a) occurred in 6/25 liver cell
adenomas (24%) which correlated with loss of mRNA transcription. We
failed to detect microdeletions or specific mutations of both exons.
p16(INK4a) methylation appeared in the context of an unmethylated
p14(ARF) promoter in six cases. In normal liver tissue, p14(ARF) or
p16(INK4a) alterations were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest
that p14(ARF) methylation occurs independently of p16(INK4a) alterations
in liver cell adenomas. Furthermore, methylation of p14(ARF) and
p16(INK4a) may be a result of cell cycle deregulation and does not seem
to be a prerequisite of malignancy.
20
UI - 12133332
AU - Zhao W; Ma Z; Zhou X; Feng Y; Fang B
TI -
[Prognostic value of CLIP score system for patients with resection of
hepatocellular carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2002 May;40(5):321-5
AD - Department of Oncosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of CLIP score system for
patients with resection of HCC. METHODS: A retrospective survey was
carried out in 174 patients undergoing resection of HCC from January
followed up for at least three years. Disease-free survival rate was
defined as the time relapsed from the date of image diagnosis and either
the date of death or the date of the latest follow-up visit, with final
evaluation at June 30, 2001. Recurrences were classified into early ( 3 year) recurrence. Risk factors for recurrences and
prognostic factors for survival in each group were analyzed by the
chi-square test, the Kalain-Meier estimation and the COX proportional
hazards model respectively. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year
cumulative disease free survival rates were 57.2%, 28.3%, 23.5%, 18.8%
and 17.8%, respectively. The associated factors with early recurrence
were as fellows: tumor size > 5 cm, microsatellite, venous invasion,
tumor morphology, tumor extension, advanced TNM stages, CLIP scores,
radical resection, and resection margin, respectively. But both CLIP
scores and Child stage were associated with late recurrence. Univariate
survival curves analysis expressed that Child grades, radical resection,
resection margin, tumor size, microsatellite, venous invasion, tumor
morphology, tumor extension, TNM stages, and CLIP scores were associated
with prognosis. The multivariate analysis by COX proportional hazards
model, the independent prognostic factors for survival were radical
resection, resection margin, and TNM stages. CONCLUSIONS: CLIP score,
which takes into account both liver function and tumor extension, has
displayed a unique superiority in predicting the tumor early and late
recurrence and prognosis. It could be an useful tool in predicting the
patient recurrence and prognosis with resection of HCC. Meanwhile, it
may help physicians to decide the more appropriate management in advance
for patients with HCC.
21
UI - 12133336
AU - Yin X; Lu M; Liang L; Lai Y; Huang J; Li Z
TI -
[Infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in hepatocellular
carcinoma tissue]
SO - Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2002 May;40(5):336-43
AD - Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun
Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. yinxy@gzsums.edu.cn
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical significances of dendritic cells and
lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue.
METHODS: Clinicopathological data were collected from 44 patients with
HCC who had under/gone curative tumor resection in our hospital.
Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the infiltration of
dendritic cells in the tumor tissue, and lymphocytes infiltration was
assessed simultaneously. The correlation between the infiltration of
dendritic cells and lymphocytes and postoperative tumor recurrence and
survival rate was analyzed. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was markedly late
in patients with dendritic cells count >/= 20 and positive lymphocytes
infiltration (group A, n = 17) as compared with those who did not meet
both criteria simultaneously (group B, n = 27), with a median interval
of 21.6 months for group A and 4.1 months for group B (U value = 105.5,
P = 0.009). The 1-, 3-, 4-year survival rates were significantly greater
in group A than in group B; they were 83.5% vs. 42.2%, 61.8% vs. 28.4%
and 48.7% vs. 23.0%, respectively (Log rank = 7.68, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in HCC
tissue, as an independent prognostic factor, was closely related to
postoperative prognosis.
22
UI - 12150730
AU - Lu J; Leng X; Peng J; Mou D; Pang X; Shang X; Chen W
TI -
Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of a
hepatocellular carcinoma patient using melanoma antigen-1 (MAGE-1)
peptide.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2002 Jul;115(7):1002-5
AD - Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's
Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of using melanoma antigen-1
(MAGE-1) peptide as a tumor vaccine to treat hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC). METHODS: The expressions of MAGE-1 in 8 HCC cell lines and in
liver cancer tissue from a patient were detected using RT-PCR. The type
of human leucocyte antigen I(HLA I) of both 8 HCC cell lines and
peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient was detected using a
microcytotoxicity method to screen out target cell lines for the
cytotoxicity assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the HCC
patient pulsed with an MAGE-1 peptide (NYKCRFPEI) were used as antigen
presenting cells. Autogenous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were
stimulated with antigen presenting cells every 7 days for 4 times to
elicit cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The phenotype of effector cells was
analyzed using flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of effector cells was
detected with a lactate dehydrogenase releasing assay. RESULTS: The
expressions of both MAGE-1 and HLA-A24 were detected in BEL7405 cell
line which were used as the positive target cell line in the
cytotoxicity assay. The expression of MAGE-1 alone was detected in HLE,
BEL7402, BEL7404, QGY7703 and SMMC7721 cell lines, and the expression of
neither MAGE-1 nor HLA-A24 was shown in QGY 7701 and HpG2 cell lines.
The last 7 cell lines could be used as negative target cell lines in the
cytotoxicity assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells expanded 32 folds
during 28-day culture. The ratio of CD3(+) T cells increased by 16%
(from 54% to 70%), and the ratio of CD8(+) T cells increased by 20%
(from 36% to 56%) during 28-day culture. When the ratio of effector
cells to target cells was 10:1, effector cells exhibited 62.5%
cytotoxicity against autogenous lymphoblasts pulsed with the peptide
(NYKCRFPEI) of MAGE-1 antigen, 40.25% cytotoxicity against BEL7405
cells, compared with 17.88% cytolysis observed against autogenous
lymphoblasts, 19.55% against HLE cells, and 1.6% against QGY7701 cells.
When the ratio of effector cells to target cells was 3.3:1, the
cytotoxicity of effector cells against the peptide pulsed autogenous
lymphoblasts was 53.6%, which was much higher against autogenous
lymphoblasts, HLE cells and QGY7701 cells at 15.6%, 13% and 1%,
respectively. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that cytotoxic T
lymphocytes with the ability to specifically lyse target cells
expressing both MAGE-1 and HLA-A24 could be successfully induced by the
MAGE-1 peptide NYKCRFPEI in vitro. This indicates that a good result
might be anticipated if this peptide is used as a tumor vaccine to treat
HLA-A24 HCC patients.
23
UI - 12185056
AU - Kim SK; Kim SH; Lee WJ; Kim H; Seo JW; Choi D; Lim HK; Lee SJ; Lim JH
TI -
Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: ferumoxides-enhanced
versus mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging.
SO - AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Sep;179(3):741-50
AD - Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University
School of Medicine, 50, Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the diagnostic
accuracy and lesion conspicuity of ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging with
those of mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging for the preoperative
detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one
patients with 39 hepatocellular carcinomas underwent
ferumoxides-enhanced and mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging. The
diagnosis was established by pathologic examination after surgical
resection in all patients. Five MR sequences were obtained 30 min after
ferumoxides administration, and two MR sequences were obtained before
and 15 min after mangafodipir trisodium administration. Three observers
independently interpreted both MR images of all sequences on a
segment-by-segment basis. The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging was
assessed using receiver operating characterizing analysis. Lesion
(hepatocellular carcinoma > 10 mm in diameter)-to-liver
contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated on MR images. RESULTS:
Ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging (A(z) = 0.971) was significantly more
accurate (p < 0.05) than mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging
(A(z) = 0.950). The mean sensitivity of ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging
(86%) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of mangafodipir
trisodium-enhanced MR imaging (44%) in lesions smaller than 10 mm. The
mean lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio of hepatocellular carcinoma
on ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging (13.7 +/- 8.8) was significantly
greater than on mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging (5.4 +/- 5.1)
(p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging has superior
diagnostic accuracy in lesions smaller than 10 mm and superior lesion
conspicuity compared with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging for
the preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
24
UI - 12185057
AU - Ichikawa T; Kitamura T; Nakajima H; Sou H; Tsukamoto T; Ikenaga S; Araki
TI -
T
Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: can double arterial phase
imaging with multidetector CT improve tumor depiction in the cirrhotic
liver?
SO - AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Sep;179(3):751-8
AD - Department of Radiology, Yamanashi Medical University, 1110 Shimokato,
Tamaho, Nakakoma, Yamanashi 409-3815, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of double arterial phase CT with
multidetector CT for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular
carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Double arterial
phase images with multidetector CT were evaluated using quantitative,
qualitative, and receiver operating characteristic analyses for 59
patients with 78 hepatocellular carcinomas. Early and late arterial
phase (double arterial phase) CT scans were obtained at a fixed time of
25 and 40 sec, respectively, after administration of contrast material.
Total dose and injection rate of contrast material were 100 mL and 3
mL/sec, respectively. RESULTS: On the basis of the receiver operating
characteristic curves, the mean area under the curve values of the late
(0.98) and combined arterial phase CT scans (0.98) were equivalent, and
both were significantly greater than the mean of the early arterial
phase CT scans (0.842) for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (p <
0.05). The mean relative sensitivity values obtained with the late
(69/78, 88%) and combined arterial phase CT scans (70/78, 90%) were also
equivalent and were significantly greater than those obtained with the
early arterial phase CT scans (52/78, 67%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:
Double arterial phase CT with multidetector CT showed no significant
improvement in effectiveness compared with single late arterial phase CT
used alone for detecting hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in the
cirrhotic liver.
25
UI - 12154039
AU - Yeh SH; Chang CF; Shau WY; Chen YW; Hsu HC; Lee PH; Chen DS; Chen PJ
TI -
Dominance of functional androgen receptor allele with longer CAG repeat
in hepatitis B virus-related female hepatocarcinogenesis.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 Aug 1;62(15):4346-51
AD - Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei,
Taiwan.
The CAG polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has
been shown associated with the development of human male hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) with the shorter AR alleles conferring a higher risk.
However, the significance of AR-CAG repeats in female
hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be addressed. In this study, seventy-six
pairs of female HCCs and corresponding nontumorous tissues were
collected, and 180 cirrhotic nodules were microdissected from 7
cirrhotic livers. The clonality status, functional AR alleles, and CAG
repeat number of each sample were determined by AR methylation analysis.
In a total of 44 monoclonal HCCs, the mean of CAG repeats in the active
alleles was significantly longer than that in the inactive alleles (22.0
+/- 2.8 versus 20.7 +/- 3.6; P = 0.047). When we divided HCCs into
hepatitis B virus-positive [HBV(+)] and HBV(-) subgroups, the long AR
allele dominance was found only in HBV(+) ones (P = 0.006 versus P =
0.923). Notably, the preference of long CAG repeat has also been found
in the 100 monoclonal nodules (P = 0.013). For comparison of monoclonal
nodules obtained from the same individual, a dominant long AR allele was
found in 6 patients. The proportion of monoclonal cirrhotic nodules and
HCCs expressing longer AR allele, 69 and 68%, are both significantly
higher than 50%, the assumed value in normal liver (P < 0.001 for
cirrhotic nodules and P = 0.005 for HCC). The dominance is again only
prominent in HBV-infected HCCs [85% for HBV(+) HCC; P < 0.001 but 54%
for HBV(-) HCC; P = 0.27]. The results indicated that in female
hepatocarcinogenesis, hepatocytes expressing the longer AR allele seem
to be favorably selected for autonomous growth and transformation,
especially in synergy with HBV infection.
26
UI - 12174931
AU - Ito Y; Miyoshi E; Takeda T; Nagano H; Sakon M; Noda K; Tsujimoto M;
TI -
Monden M; Matsuura N
Linkage of elevated ets-2 expression to hepatocarcinogenesis.
SO - Anticancer Res 2002 Jul-Aug;22(4):2385-9
AD - Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan. ito01@kuma-h.or.jp
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that ets-2, a transcription
factor, is linked to carcinoma progression. In the present study, we
investigated the expression and clinical significance of ets-2 in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and malignant transformation of the
liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of ets-2 was
immunohistochemically investigated with 91 HCC, 46 noncancerous lesions,
8 atypical adenomatous hyperplasias and 14 normal liver controls.
RESULTS: The ets-2 labeling index (LI) in normal liver was significantly
lower than in noncancerous lesion (p<0.0001). The LI in atypical
adenomatous hyperplasia tended to be higher than in noncancerous lesion
(p=.0779). In HCC, the LI was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than that
in noncancerous lesion and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. In HCC, the
ets-2 expression level was significantly lower in cases with advanced
stage (p=0.0085), large size (p=0.0441), high proliferating activity
(p<0.0001), poor differentiation (p=0.0005), the presence of portal
invasion (p=0.0009) and intrahepatic metastasis (p=0.0236) and shorter
disease-free survival (p=0.0372). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest
that ets-2 plays an important role predominantly in malignant
transformation of the liver.
27
UI - 12000592
AU - Omata M; Dan Y; Daniele B; Plentz R; Rudolph KL; Manns M; Piratvisuth T;
TI -
Chen DS; Tateishi R; Chutaputti A
Clinical features, etiology, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma
among different countries.
SO - J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 Feb;17 Suppl():S40-9
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of
Medicine, Japan. OMATA-2im@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
28
UI - 1332641
AU - Dehner LP; Ackerman LV
TI -
A sequel to favorable and unfavorable histology.
SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992 Nov;116(11):1104
29
UI - 12008038
AU - Holub MC; Hegyesi H; Igaz P; Polgar A; Toth S; Falus A
TI -
Soluble interleukin-6 receptor enhanced by oncostatin M induces major
changes in gene expression profile of human hepatoma cells.
SO - Immunol Lett 2002 Jun 3;82(1-2):79-84
AD - Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University
of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) binds to a receptor complex consisting of an 80 kDa
binding unit (IL-6R) and gp130 responsible for signal transduction. Due
to alternative splicing and/or proteolytic digestion IL-6R occurs in
soluble form (sIL-6R), as well. Soluble IL-6R is able to bind to gp130
expressing on nucleated cells, thus sIL-6R makes most cells responsive
to IL-6. In this study we found that oncostatin M (OSM), an other gp130
dependent cytokine with proliferation inhibitory potential, increases
the expression of both membrane-bound IL-6R and sIL-6R generated by
alternative splicing in hepatic and mammary carcinoma cell lines.
Furthermore, we studied the functional relevance of the presence and
binding of soluble IL-6R to HepG2 cells. Using a cDNA expression array,
mRNA levels of about 580 human genes were tested by differential display
analysis. Our findings suggest, that elevation of surface density of
IL-6R by attachment of sIL-6R induces major modulation in gene
expression profile of the hepatoma cells. Soluble IL-6R alone has minor
effect, it rather decreases expression of some genes, while incubation
with IL-6 and sIL-6R together induces major changes in the mRNA pattern
of HepG2 cells. These data strongly suggest that presence and binding of
soluble cytokine receptors are important elements of inter-cytokine
cross talk and affects actual gene expression profile of responding
cells.
30
UI - 12053775
AU - Mejia-Arangure JM; Beutelspacher-Vazquez O; Juarez-Ocana S;
TI -
Vazquez-Langle J; Martinez-Garcia Mdel C; Fajardo-Gutierrez A
[Trends in the incidence of hepatic tumors in childhood]
SO - Salud Publica Mex 2002 Mar-Apr;44(2):100-7
AD - Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de
Pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del
Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico, D.F., Mexico. arangurejm@hotmail.com
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence trends of hepatic tumors among
children living in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional
hospital survey was conducted to yield two databases. The first database
contains the registry of all the cases of hepatic tumors occurring
during the period 1982-1991, in public hospitals of Mexico City. The
second database contains all hepatic tumor cases found between 1996 and
1999 in Hospital de Pediatria del Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI" and
in Hospital General del Centro Medico La Raza, both hospitals pertaining
to Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social
Security). The average annual incidence rates (AAIR) were calculated for
each type of hepatic tumor. The rates were standardized with the direct
method, using as standard the world population under 15 years of age.
The trends were evaluated with the annual incidence rates and the
average rate of change assuming a Poisson distribution. RESULTS: The
AAIR for hepatoblastoma during the period 1982-1991 was three times
higher for men than for women, with a value of 0.6 x 10(6). The group of
1-4 years of age was the most affected. For hepatocarcinomas the AAIR
was two-fold for women (0.14) as compared to men. Between 1996-1999 the
AAIR for hepatoblastoma was 5.11 in women and 1.85 in men. The age group
with the highest rate was women under one year of age. The AAIR for
hepatocarcinoma was 0.64 for males and 1.23 for females. The most
affected age group was males aged 10 to 14 years. No significant upward
or downward trend was found in the incidence of hepatoblastomas. A
non-significant change rate of 10% was found for hepatocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: No significant trends were observed in the incidence of
hepatic tumors in children of Mexico City aged under 15 years, during
the periods 1982-1991 and 1996-1999. The English version of this paper
is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
31
UI - 12048165
AU - Chang J; Kim NG; Piao Z; Park C; Park KS; Paik YK; Lee WJ; Kim BR; Kim H
TI -
Assessment of chromosomal losses and gains in hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Cancer Lett 2002 Aug 28;182(2):193-202
AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
Seoul, South Korea.
We examined the chromosomal changes of 22 hepatocellular carcinomas
(HCCs) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis and compared
the results with that of allelotype by polymerase chain reaction based
loss of heterozygosity (PCR-LOH) analysis. By CGH analysis, frequent
chromosomal losses were noted in the chromosomal region of 4q (59%), 8p
(77%), and 16q (50%), whereas gains were noted in 1q (86%) and 8q (77%).
All of these chromosomal arms were revealed to have frequent allelic
imbalances by PCR-LOH analysis, however, 9% of chromosomal aberrations
were detected only by CGH analysis and 2% were detected only by PCR-LOH
analysis. Our results suggest that CGH analysis gives more precise
results for the screening of chromosomal aberrations in HCCs than that
of PCR-LOH analysis with randomly selected microsatellite markers.
32
UI - 12188451
AU - Rerknimitr R; Attasaranya S; Kladchareon N; Mahachai V; Kullavanijaya P
TI -
Feasibility and complications of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients
with malignant biliary obstruction at King Chulalongkorn Memorial
Hospital.
SO - J Med Assoc Thai 2002 Jun;85 Suppl 1():S48-53
AD - Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand.
Currently the best curative therapy for primary malignant biliary tumor
is surgery. Unfortunately, many patients present at a very late stage
and only
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
