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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Pharyngeal Cancer - September 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: September 1, 2002
- Sonographic characterisation of radiation-induced carotid artery stenosis.
- The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid chewing area.
- Smokeless tobacco use and cancer of the upper respiratory tract.
- Monitoring of partial pharyngeal reconstruction.
- Expression of p53 protein and tumor angiogenesis as prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
- Outcome of abducens nerve paralysis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- The addition of mood and anxiety domains to the University of Washington quality of life scale.
- Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- PCR detection of circulating tumor cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with distant metastasis: effect of enzyme and sampling.
- [Prospective phase II study of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in advanced operable carcinoma of the mouth cavity. 3-year outcome]
- Change in olfaction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer--a prospective study.
- Genome-wide scan for familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals evidence of linkage to chromosome 4.
- Sensori-neural hearing loss in patients treated with irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Sensorineural hearing loss in patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective study of the effect of radiation and cisplatin
- Postirradiation sensorineural hearing loss: a common but ignored late radiation complication.
- [Plerosis of cDNA array of normal human nasopharyngeal tissue and nasopharyngeal carcinoma]
- [Change in visual evoked potential by radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]
- [Influence of MRI on the T, N staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: relation to p53 expression, clinicopathological data, and
- Stomal metastases complicating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: CT findings and the argument for radiologic tube placement.
- Chromosomal aberrations, DNA strand breaks and gene mutations in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
- Regulatory volume decrease is actively modulated during the cell cycle.
- Gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the undifferentiated type.
- MR perfusion measurement of contrast uptaking lesions: consideration of T2* shortening due to interstitial contrast agent.
- LMP1 activates NF-kappa B via degradation of I kappa B alpha in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
- [Reconstruction after total circular pharyngolaryngectomy: comparison between gastric interposition and free jejunal flap]
- Focal follicular features in tonsillar diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: follicular lymphoma with diffuse areas or follicular colonization.
- Long-term survival of patients with stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer: impact of fundus rotation gastroplasty.
- The benefits and pitfalls of ipsilateral radiotherapy in carcinoma of the tonsillar region.
- Dose escalation using twice-daily radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: does heavier dosing result in a happier ending?
- Is ipsilateral radiation for tonsil cancer with limited tongue extension or T2N1 tonsil cancer without tongue involvement appropriate?
- Prognostic indicators of occult metastases in oral cancer.
- Prognostic indicators of occult metastases in oral cancer.
- In vivo diagnosis of persistent and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma by contact endoscopy.
- Multiple head and neck tumors frequently originate from a single preneoplastic lesion.
- Population based cohort study of the association between alcohol intake and cancer of the upper digestive tract.
- Quality of life following surgery for oral and pharyngeal malignancy.
- Re: Anderson G, Lewthwaite A, Yeats N. quality of life following surgery for oral and pharyngealmalignancy. Br J Oral maxillofac surg 2001;39:
- Frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the blood of Southern Chinese blood donors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- In regard to Cheng et al., examining prognostic factors of failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma following concomitant radiotherapy and
- Prognostic influence of parapharyngeal space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- [Approaches to organ preserving therapy of carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx]
- [Organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma by primary radiochemotherapy. Results of a multicenter phase II study]
- Differential expression of the suppressor PML and Ki-67 identifies three subtypes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- [Transmandibular buccopharyngectomy after radiotherapy for orpharyngeal cancer]
- Autoantibodies to tubulin are specifically associated with the young age onset of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolizing genes in oropharyngeal carcinoma.
- Evidence of increased Id-1 expression and its role in cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11914533
AU - Lam WW; Liu KH; Leung SF; Wong KS; So NM; Yuen HY; Metreweli C
TI -
Sonographic characterisation of radiation-induced carotid artery
stenosis.
SO - Cerebrovasc Dis 2002;13(3):168-73
AD - Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Prince of Wales
Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, ROC. wynnie@cuhk.edu.hk
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To study the distribution, extent and
sonographic characterisation of radiation-induced carotid artery
stenosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. METHODS: The
distribution of plaques, the extent of stenosis, and the sonographic
characterisation of the plaque at maximum stenosis were recorded in 71
NPC patients. The results were compared with the ultrasound results of a
control group of 142 patients presenting with symptoms of
cerebrovascular disease or carotid bruit. RESULTS: NPC patients had a
higher incidence of carotid stenosis (77 vs. 50.7%). The common carotid
arteries were most commonly affected by radiation-induced stenosis
(93/142 vs. 37/284 in the control group), whereas the carotid bulb was
the most commonly affected (56/284) site in the control group.
Significantly more NPC patients had moderate-to-severe stenosis (21/71
vs. 27/142). Analysis of the sonographic appearance of radiation-induced
and atherosclerotic plaques showed more diffuse involvement in the
post-radiation group. Non-calcified plaques and intraplaque hypoechoic
foci were also more frequent in the post-radiation group. CONCLUSIONS:
Radiation-induced carotid stenosis is more diffuse in distribution, is
associated with more severe luminal stenosis and has different
sonographic plaque characterisation compared with carotid stenosis
without radiation exposure. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
2
UI - 12076324
AU - Ho PS; Ko YC; Yang YH; Shieh TY; Tsai CC
TI -
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid
chewing area.
SO - J Oral Pathol Med 2002 Apr;31(4):213-9
AD - Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal cancer is the one of the most common cancers
in the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in
oropharyngeal cancer from 1979 to 1996 in Taiwan. METHODS: Traditional
cohort analysis was employed to show the birth-cohort effect of
oropharyngeal cancer incidence. Age-period-cohort model analysis was
used to examine the age, period and cohort effect between intraoral and
pharyngeal cancer. RESULT: A significant increasing trend in
oropharyngeal cancer has been seen in males. The principal increases
have been seen in tongue and mouth in males, and tongue in females. In
males, an increasing trend was found in successive cohorts born after
1929. The increase in incidence of intraoral cancer of males was greater
than the increase in incidence of pharyngeal cancer in the younger age
group, more recent time periods and the younger cohorts. CONCLUSION: The
increasing incidence in oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan is probably
heavily influenced by the rising consumption of alcohol and use of betel
quid. The effect of these etiologies on intraoral cancer was more
significant in recent time periods, later cohorts and the younger group.
3
UI - 12075196
AU - Rodu B; Cole P
TI -
Smokeless tobacco use and cancer of the upper respiratory tract.
SO - Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002 May;93(5):511-5
AD - University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA. rodu@uab.edu
The most recent epidemiologic review of the cancer risks associated with
smokeless tobacco use appeared in 1986, when 10 studies were available.
This review describes 21 published studies, 20 of which are of the
case-control type. We characterize each study according to the specific
anatomic sites and according to the type of smokeless tobacco products
for which it provides relative risks of cancer. The use of moist snuff
and chewing tobacco imposes minimal risks for cancers of the oral cavity
and other upper respiratory sites, with relative risks ranging from 0.6
to 1.7. The use of dry snuff imposes higher risks, ranging from 4 to 13,
and the risks from smokeless tobacco, unspecified as to type, are
intermediate, from 1.5 to 2.8. The strengths and limitations of the
studies and implications for future research are discussed.
4
UI - 12148875
AU - Alcalde JM; Quesada JT
TI -
Monitoring of partial pharyngeal reconstruction.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 Mar;112(3):580-2
AD - Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic
of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jquesada@hg.vhebron.es
5
UI - 11928871
AU - Rubio L; Burgos JS; Lopez-Guerrero JA; Morera C; Vera-Sempere FJ
TI -
Expression of p53 protein and tumor angiogenesis as prognostic factors
in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
SO - Pathol Res Pract 2002;198(2):97-102
AD - Service of Pathology II, University Hospital La Fe, Medical School of
Valencia University, Spain.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible prognostic
significance of p53 protein overexpression and tumor angiogenesis (TA)
in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, together with other
clinicopathological variables. Forty-two NPC patients were evaluated in
relation to survival. Nuclear p53 overexpression in neoplastic and
endothelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the
monoclonal antibody DO-7 and the polyclonal antibody against factor
VIII-related antigen, respectively. Thereafter, we evaluated p53 cases
in order to determine their nuclear immunoreactivity from negative (-)
to positive (+, ++, +++). In addition, microvessels were counted in the
most active areas of tumor neovascularization or hotspots using an image
computer analyzer (MicroImage). A Cox multiple regression survival
analysis was used to determine the best prognostic indicators in NPC
patients. As a result, tumor microvessel count, considered as a
continuous variable, was the most important independent prognostic
indicator in relation to survival (p = 0.0273), with a relative risk of
death of 2,4399 [95% confidence interval = 1.1051 ; 5.3871] associated
with the highest microvessel counts. Moreover, the only
clinicopathological variable that demonstrated prognostic value in a Cox
multiple regression survival analysis was histological type (p = 0.05).
In addition, we did not observe any statistical association between
intratumoral microvessel density (IMD), clinicopathological variables
and p53 protein expression.
6
UI - 11936446
AU - Ilhan O; Sener EC; Ozyar E
TI -
Outcome of abducens nerve paralysis in patients with nasopharyngeal
carcinoma.
SO - Eur J Ophthalmol 2002 Jan-Feb;12(1):55-9
AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara,
Turkey.
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence,
management and outcome of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
patients with NPC. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 166 patients (16.8%) had
cranial nerve involvement at the time of the diagnosis of NPC. Sixteen
(57.2%) were identified as having abducens nerve palsy. In 25% abducens
nerve palsy was the presenting symptom. Three patients were able to
compensate for their diplopia after prism correction or botulinum
toxin-A injection, and six (50%) completely recovered from abducens
nerve palsy after either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS:
Abducens is the most common cranial nerve involved in NPC, radiotherapy
and or chemotherapy relieves the paralysis in half the patients. Prism
correction or botulinum toxin-A injection are effective non-invasive
procedures for patients with significant diplopia.
7
UI - 12112548
AU - Rogers SN; Gwanne S; Lowe D; Humphris G; Yueh B; Weymuller EA Jr
TI -
The addition of mood and anxiety domains to the University of Washington
quality of life scale.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Jun;24(6):521-9
AD - Consultant and Honorary Reader, Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University
Hospital Aintree, Fazakerley, Liverpool L9 1AL United Kingdom.
snrongers@globalnet.co.uk
BACKGROUND: There are numerous head and neck specific quality of life
questionnaires, each having its own merits and disadvantages. The
University of Washington questionnaire has been widely used and is
notable by the inclusion of a shoulder dysfunction domain, domain
importance ratings, and patient free text. It is short, simple to
process, and provides clinically relevant information. However, it has
lacked any psychological dimension of quality of life. The aim of this
study was to report the inclusion of two psychological domains (mood,
anxiety) to the most recent refinement of the questionnaire (version 3).
Questionnaires were sent to 183 patients alive and disease free after
surgery for oral and oro-pharyngeal malignancy. Replies were received
from 145 patients (79% response rate). RESULTS: The new domains (mood
and anxiety) correlated significantly with the emotional functioning
domains from the EORTC C30 and with the pain and appearance domains of
UW-QOL. There were also significant correlations between the "global
quality of life" item and the two new domains. Mood (p =.005) and
anxiety (p <.001) scores were associated with patient age but with no
other clinicodemographic variable. CONCLUSION: The addition of mood and
anxiety domains makes the UW-QOL version 4 a single broad measure
suitable for effective health-related quality of life evaluation in the
routine clinical setting. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
8
UI - 12112552
AU - Wong ZW; Tan EH; Yap SP; Tan T; Leong SS; Fong KW; Wee J
TI -
Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in patients with
locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Jun;24(6):549-54
AD - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital
Drive, Singapore 169610. dmoteh@nccs.com.sg
BACKGROUND: Treatment of locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal
carcinoma (NPC) is challenging because of prior radiotherapy,
morbidities from disease recurrence, and limited therapeutic options
available. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with
1999, there were 42 patients; most were Chinese (98%) men (81%) with
undifferentiated NPC (86%). A repeat course of radiotherapy was feasible
in 20 patients and given concurrently with cisplatin followed by
adjuvant cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (PF) (group 1). The remaining 22
(group 2) received palliative chemotherapy (PF) with a response rate of
50%. Significant morbidities resulted from cranial nerve palsies. The
2-year progression-free survival of patients in group 1 was expectedly
better (58% vs 38%). Six (14%) developed systemic metastases at 12
months (median) from first recurrence. CONCLUSION: Concurrent
chemoradiotherapy for locoregional recurrent NPC seems promising. The
morbidity experienced resulted from locoregional disease with few
progressing to develop systemic involvement. Copyright 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
9
UI - 12112557
AU - Lin JC; Chen KY; Wang WY; Jan JS; Wei YH
TI -
PCR detection of circulating tumor cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
patients with distant metastasis: effect of enzyme and sampling.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Jun;24(6):591-6
AD - Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming
University, Taipei, Taiwan. jclin@vghtc.vghtc.gov.tw
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high potential to
develop distant metastasis after radiotherapy. Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19)
mRNA has been frequently used as a marker in the detection of
circulating tumor cells of epithelial origin, but has rarely been
investigated in NPC. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of
blood sampling and different Taq DNA polymerase on the results of nested
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. METHODS:
Peripheral blood samples from a total of 37 NPC patients with
well-documented distant metastasis (M1) were collected before treatment.
Eighteen patients had more than one blood sampling. Five different Taq
DNA polymerases were used to test the blood from 17 patients. Peripheral
blood of 37 nonmetastatic (M0) NPC patients was tested by the same
nested RT-PCR system using multiple Taq DNA polymerases to evaluate the
impact of multienzyme assay in the prediction of subsequent distant
metastasis. RESULTS: Among M1 NPC patients, the accumulative positive
rates of CK-19 mRNA were 22.2%, 44.4%, 70.6%, 75.0%, and 80.0% when one,
two, three, four, or five blood sampling were taken, respectively. The
accumulative positive rates increased as the numbers of different
enzymes increased-from 35.5% by one enzyme to 82.4% by five enzymes. Six
of 37 M0 patients had distant metastasis develop after a median
follow-up time of 20 months. The detection sensitivity for four-enzyme
test (5 of 6 = 83.3%) is better than that of one-enzyme test (2 of 6 =
33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that multiple blood sampling
or using multiple enzymes for nested RT-PCR assay significantly enhances
the sensitivity in the molecular diagnosis of NPC metastasis. Copyright
2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
10
UI - 12017874
AU - Eckardt A; Rades D; Rudat V; Hofele C; Dammer R; Dietl B; Wildfang I;
TI -
Karstens JH
[Prospective phase II study of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in advanced
operable carcinoma of the mouth cavity. 3-year outcome]
SO - Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 2002 Mar;6(2):117-21
AD - Klinik fur Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule
Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover.
eckardt.andre@mh-hannover.de
PURPOSE: The purpose of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy is to increase
local-regional control and to decrease the incidence of distant
metastases. Regimens containing cisplatin/5-FU chemotherapy are widely
accepted as standard treatment in advanced head and neck cancer. Most
studies reported promising response and survival data, but also severe
mucosal toxicity. In recent years the newly developed drug Taxol
demonstrated interesting activity in head and neck cancer as a single
agent as well as in combination drug regimens. In the present outpatient
phase II trial, we investigated the combination of Taxol/carboplatin
with 40 Gy radiotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting of operable stage
III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients were enrolled in this trial
weekly of Taxol (40 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 1.5) with conventional
radiotherapy (40 Gy). Within 3-4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy resection
of the primary tumor and the regional neck nodes was performed. RESULTS:
Fifty-two patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. Complete
response was observed in 31 of 52 patients (CR 60%), and partial
remission was seen in 21 of 52 patients (PR 40%). In 30 of 52 patients
complete pathologic response (pCR 58%) was documented in the resection
specimens. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rate was calculated
as 84%. CONCLUSION: Our present results demonstrated impressive clinical
and pathological response rates of concurrent Taxol/carboplatin and
radiotherapy as a preoperative treatment modality in advanced oral and
oropharyngeal cancer.
11
UI - 12105785
AU - Ho WK; Kwong DL; Wei WI; Sham JS
TI -
Change in olfaction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer--a
prospective study.
SO - Am J Otolaryngol 2002 Jul-Aug;23(4):209-14
AD - Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of
Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital,
Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in olfactory function in patients with
nasopharyngeal carcinoma who have received radiation to the head and
neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Olfactory function of consecutive patients
with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was assessed prospectively before
irradiation and serially up to 1 year after radiotherapy by the Sniffin'
Sticks (Erlangen, Germany) olfactory function test and by a patient
symptom visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were
recruited before radiotherapy was commenced. Three patients could not
give a reliable response to the Sniffin' Sticks test even in this first
assessment, and 7 patients did not return for evaluation after
irradiation. Forty-eight patients were available for follow-up
assessment. Mean olfactory threshold scores by the Sniffin' Sticks test
were found to deteriorate significantly at 12 months when compared with
the scores before irradiation (8.3 at 12 months vs 11.5 before
irradiation; P =.001). Scores for olfactory discrimination and for
identification did not exhibit any significant changes when assessed at
12 months (P >.05 for both). Subjective patient assessment of olfactory
function with the visual analogue scale at 12 months did not demonstrate
any significant differences when compared with patients' assessment
before irradiation (P =.90). An increase in discharge was the only nasal
symptom that demonstrated a significant change at 12 months when
compared with the assessment before irradiation (P < 001). CONCLUSIONS:
Deterioration in olfactory threshold scores was found at 12 months after
irradiation and was not noticed by the patients. Copyright 2002,
Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)
12
UI - 12118254
AU - Feng BJ; Huang W; Shugart YY; Lee MK; Zhang F; Xia JC; Wang HY; Huang
TI -
TB; Jian SW; Huang P; Feng QS; Huang LX; Yu XJ; Li D; Chen LZ; Jia WH;
Fang Y; Huang HM; Zhu JL; Liu XM; Zhao Y; Liu WQ; Deng MQ; Hu WH; Wu SX;
Mo HY; Hong MF; King MC; Chen Z; Zeng YX
Genome-wide scan for familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals evidence
of linkage to chromosome 4.
SO - Nat Genet 2002 Aug;31(4):395-9
AD - Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou,
China.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurs with high frequency in Asian
populations, especially among people of Cantonese ancestry. In areas
with high incidence, NPC clusters in families, which suggests that both
geography and genetics may influence disease risk. Although the HLA-Bw46
locus is associated with increased risk of NPC, no predisposing genes
have been identified so far. Here we report the results of a genome-wide
search carried out in families at high risk of NPC from Guangdong
Province, China. Parametric analyses provide evidence of linkage to the
D4S405 marker on chromosome 4 with a logarithm of odds for linkage (lod)
score of 3.06 and a heterogeneity-adjusted lod (hlod) score of 3.21.
Fine mapping with additional markers flanking D4S405 resulted in a lod
score of 3.54 and hlod score of 3.67 for the region 4p15.1-q12.
Multipoint nonparametric linkage analysis gives lod scores of 3.54 at
D4S405 (P = 5.4 x 10(-5)) and 4.2 at D4S3002 (P = 1.1 x 10(-5)), which
is positioned 4.5 cM away from D4S405. When Epstein Barr virus antibody
titer was included as a covariate, the lod scores reached 4.70 (P = 2.0
x 10(-5)) and 5.36 (P = 4.36 x 10(-6)) for D4S405 and D4S3002,
respectively. Our findings provide evidence of a major susceptibility
locus for NPC on chromosome 4 in a subset of families.
13
UI - 1869465
AU - Grau C; Moller K; Overgaard M; Overgaard J; Elbrond O
TI -
Sensori-neural hearing loss in patients treated with irradiation for
nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
SO - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991 Aug;21(3):723-8
AD - Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology and Audiology, University of Aarhus,
Denmark.
The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the
sensitivity of the inner ear to irradiation. Cochlear function was
tested in a cohort of 22 patients before and 7-84 months after receiving
external irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The pre-irradiation
sensori-neural hearing threshold at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz was
used as a baseline for the individual patient, and the observed
sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) was calculated as the difference
between pre- and post-irradiation values. The pre-irradiation hearing
level or patient age was not correlated with the actual SNHL. In
contrast, there was a significant correlation between the total
radiation dose to the inner ear and the observed hearing impairment.
SNHL was most pronounced in the high frequencies, with values up to 35
dB (4000 Hz) and 25 dB (2000 Hz) in some patients. The latent period for
the complication appeared to be 12 months or more. The deleterious
effect of irradiation on the hearing should be kept in mind both in
treatment planning and in the follow-up after radiotherapy.
14
UI - 8892450
AU - Kwong DL; Wei WI; Sham JS; Ho WK; Yuen PW; Chua DT; Au DK; Wu PM; Choy
TI -
DT
Sensorineural hearing loss in patients treated for nasopharyngeal
carcinoma: a prospective study of the effect of radiation and cisplatin
treatment.
SO - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 Sep 1;36(2):281-9
AD - Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Queen
Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
PURPOSE: The pattern of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after primary
treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied, and the effect
of cisplatin, radiotherapy does, and fractionation were evaluated.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred thirty-two patients, 227 ears, and
1100 audiogram reports were analyzed. Radiotherapy dose ranged from 59.5
to 76.5 Gy. Fifty-two patients received preirradiation cisplatin, total
dose 100-185 mg/m(2). Serial postirradiation bone conduction thresholds
at 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz were compared with pretreatment
thresholds at respective frequencies. Increase of at least 15 dB was
considered as significant and was further grouped as transient or
persistent SNHL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to
identify predicting factors for persistent SNHL. RESULTS: At median
follow-up of 30 months, 24.2% of ears developed persistent SNHL. High
frequency was more affected than low frequencies, 22 vs. 5.3%. Males
were more affected than females, 29.4 vs. 15.5%, p = 0.0132. Incidence
of persistent SNHL increased with age, with 0, 17.2, and 37.4% of
patients aged under 30, between 30-50 and over 50 affected,
respectively, p = 0.0001. High incidence was found in patient with
postirradiation serous otitis media (SOM), 46.9%. Chemotherapy with
cisplatin and radiation dose or fractionation had no significant effect.
Multivariate analysis confirmed age, sex, and postirradiation SOM as
significant prognostic factors for persistent SNHL. CONCLUSIONS:
Transient and persistent SNHL occurred after radiotherapy, more commonly
affecting high frequency. A low dose of preirradiation cisplatin did not
increase the risk. A dose fractionation effect of radiotherapy was not
confirmed in this study.
15
UI - 8892478
AU - Grau C; Overgaard J
TI -
Postirradiation sensorineural hearing loss: a common but ignored late
radiation complication.
SO - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 Sep 1;36(2):515-7
16
UI - 12015028
AU - Han W; Li H; Xie L; Xu L; Zhang L; Yao K
TI -
[Plerosis of cDNA array of normal human nasopharyngeal tissue and
nasopharyngeal carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2002 Mar;24(2):114-7
AD - Laboratory of Cancerous Change and Invasion, Xiangya Medical College,
Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
OBJECTIVE: To compare gene expression gene profile of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma (NPC) tissue with that of normal nasopharyngeal tissues by
cDNA array and to discuss possible functions of DNA repair-related genes
in NPC tissue. METHODS: After hybridization of atlas human cancer cDNA
expression array 7742 - 1, atlas hybridization results were analyzed by
Atlas Image 1.01 a software package. Using RT-PCR was used to confirm
the results. RESULTS: Of 63 differentially expressed genes in quadrangle
C including DNA damage response, repair & recombination-related genes, 6
DNA repair-related genes were up-regulated, 12 were down-regulated.
CONCLUSION: DNA repair-related genes may be involved in
patho-physiological process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
17
UI - 12015036
AU - Hu W; Yu M; Long S; Huang S; Gu M; Zhou L; Wu D
TI -
[Change in visual evoked potential by radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2002 Mar;24(2):147-50
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University,
Guangzhou 510060, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma on visual evoked potential (VEP). METHODS: VEP of 63 patients
with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were tested before, at the end of, half a
year, one year, 2 years and 3 years after their radiotherapy. RESULTS:
Within the male group, one year after radiotherapy, the latency of VEP
was significantly delayed than that before and at the end of
radiotherapy, while the amplitude was decreased significantly. Two years
after radiotherapy, the latency of VEP was significantly delayed more
than that before radiotherapy. However there was no significant
difference among VEP at the end of, half a year and 3 years after
radiotherapy. Within the female group, 2 years after radiotherapy, the
latency of VEP was significantly delayed than that before radiotherapy.
Three years after radiotherapy, the latency of VEP was significantly
delayed than that before, at the end of, half a year and one year after
radiotherapy. There was no significant difference in VEP amplitudes
before and after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Within the male group, the
abnormal delay of VEP latency mostly happens one or two years after
radiotherapy. Within the female group, the significant delay of VEP
latency happens at the end of radiotherapy and lasts for 3 years, while
the VEP amplitude does not change significantly during the 3 years after
radiotherapy. The result indicates that the sustained radiation damage
within the female visual nerve system starts at the end of radiotherapy,
but to a lesser degree. It was shown that radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma certainly damages the visual nerve system, though there is sex
difference in the impairment.
18
UI - 12015044
AU - Xie C; Liang B; Lin H; Wu P
TI -
[Influence of MRI on the T, N staging system of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2002 Mar;24(2):181-4
AD - Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Cancer
Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060,
China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of MRI on the T, N staging
system, 5(th) edition, UICC and the 92 staging system, China by
comparing CT and MRI of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS:
From 1993 to Dec. 2000, fifty-six NPC patients proved by pathology
underwent CT and MRI examination with Philip T5-II ultra-magnetic system
(0.5T) and Elscient CT twin flash. Routine axial scans by CT and SE
sequence with axial, sagittal and coronal scans by MRI from oral pharynx
(lower border of second cervical vertebra) to supracellar cistern were
done with enhancement (50/56). RESULTS: The tumor beyond the
nasopharyngeal cavity was accurately defined because the pharyngobasilar
fascia could be seen by MRI which appeared to be more sensitive than CT
in revealing the invaded soft tissues surrounding the nasopharyngeal
cavity, such as longus colli (14 by CT and 26 by MRI), tensor veli
palatini and levator veli palatini (17 by CT and 42 by MRI), the skull
base erosion (15 by CT and 23 by MRI) and enlargement of retropharyngeal
lymph nodes (13 by CT and 24 by MRI). As a result, 28.6% (16/56) of NPC
staging system, UICC and 33.9% (19/56) of the 92 staging system of China
should undergo changes. CONCLUSION: MRI is able to reveal the invasion
extent into the structures around the tumor mass more accurately than
CT, with the pharyngobasilar fascia readily seen and the infiltration
and/or destruction of the skull base more easily visualized by MRI than
by CT. The impact of MRI upon the 92 staging system of China lies in the
differentiation of direct infiltration by the tumor from the enlargement
of the retropharyngeal lymph node and the early detection of skull base
erosion. The Influence of MRI on the staging system of NPC is more
pronounced than that of CT.
19
UI - 12160278
AU - Pukkila MJ; Kellokoski JK; Virtaniemi JA; Kumpulainen EJ; Johansson RT;
TI -
Halonen PM; Kosunen AS; Nuutinen J; Kosma VM
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in pharyngeal squamous cell
carcinoma: relation to p53 expression, clinicopathological data, and
survival.
SO - Laryngoscope 2002 Jun;112(6):1084-8
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kuopio
and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide
synthase (iNOS) in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC) and its relation to p53 expression, histologic
differentiation, clinical data, and prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: A
retrospective survey. METHODS: Primary tumors for analyses were obtained
from 118 patients diagnosed with SCC of the oropharynx or hypopharynx
between 1975 and 1998 in eastern Finland. Immunohistochemical analysis
was used to evaluate the expression of iNOS and p53. The expression
pattern of iNOS was related to p53 expression, clinical data, and
survival. RESULTS: High iNOS score was associated significantly with
high nuclear p53 expression index (P = .006) and positive cytoplasmic
p53 expression (P = .025). The score for iNOS expression was
significantly lower in the largest (T4) tumors (P = .043). No
association was seen between iNOS score and N or M class, tumor stage,
or histologic differentiation. The score for iNOS expression was not
related to overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of iNOS and
p53 seem to be inter-related in pharyngeal SCC, although the causality
remains to be clarified. The expression of iNOS shows no prognostic
value in pharyngeal SCC.
20
UI - 12185055
AU - Pickhardt PJ; Rohrmann CA Jr; Cossentino MJ
TI -
Stomal metastases complicating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: CT
findings and the argument for radiologic tube placement.
SO - AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Sep;179(3):735-9
AD - Department of Radiology, National Naval Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin
Ave., Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA.
OBJECTIVE: This article describes the CT appearance of metastatic
implantation at the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tract in
patients with malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cumulative
data from previous case reports are also considered for insight into
causes of metastasis and the implications for gastrostomy placement in
these patients. CONCLUSION: CT showed lobulated soft tissue involving
the entire abdominal wall PEG tract in all proven cases. CT is an
effective method for evaluation because the tumor burden lies
predominately in the abdominal wall and not at the entry or exit site.
The stomal implant is often the only site of metastatic disease at
presentation. In general, CT findings of mildly increased soft tissue
along the PEG tract are nonspecific, but a lobulated mass is highly
suspicious for tumor implantation, especially if the one-sided thickness
exceeds 1 cm. The preponderance of evidence from the existing literature
points to direct tumor implantation during endoscopic placement as the
likely cause (rather than hematogenous spread). This conclusion would
support the alternative of radiologic tube placement in these patients.
21
UI - 12106649
AU - Cao J; Liu Y; Sun H; Cheng G; Pang X; Zhou Z
TI -
Chromosomal aberrations, DNA strand breaks and gene mutations in
nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
SO - Mutat Res 2002 Jul 25;504(1-2):85-90
AD - Hygiene Toxicology Department, Preventive Medicine College, Third
Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. caoqq@yahoo.com
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a common disease in the south part of
China, and its incidence is increasing in the southwest of China in
recent years. Radiation therapy is the main therapeutic method for NPC
in China. In this study, genetic changes were assessed in randomly
selected nine NPC patients receiving radiation therapy by different
genotoxical screening methods, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test
(CB-MNT), the buccal mucosa cell micronucleus test (BMC-MNT), the
undivided lymphocyte micronucleus test (UL-MNT), chromosomal aberration
(CA) test, the comet assay and the hprt gene mutation test (HPRT).
Patients were used as self-control before receiving radiation therapy.
Apart from the UL-MNT, all the methods detected genetic damages in NPC
patients, though with different sensitivities. CB-MNT is the best
biological indicator for evaluating genetic damage induced by radiation
therapy in NPC patients; followed by CA and HPRT, while the BMC-MNT is
simplest method as a potential biological indicator.
22
UI - 12209886
AU - Wang L; Chen L; Zhu L; Rawle M; Nie S; Zhang J; Ping Z; Kangrong C;
TI -
Jacob TJ
Regulatory volume decrease is actively modulated during the cell cycle.
SO - J Cell Physiol 2002 Oct;193(1):110-9
AD - School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, CNE-2Z, when swollen by 47% hypotonic
solution, exhibited a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The RVD was
inhibited by extracellular applications of the chloride channel blockers
tamoxifen (30 microM; 61% inhibition),
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB, 100 microM; 60%
inhibition), and ATP (10 mM; 91% inhibition). The level and time
constant of RVD varied greatly between cells. Most cells conducted an
incomplete RVD, but a few had the ability to recover their volume
completely. There was no obvious correlation between cell volume and RVD
capacity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that highly synchronous cells
were obtained by the mitotic shake-off technique and that the cells
progressed through the cell cycle synchronously when incubated in
culture medium. Combined application of DNA synthesis inhibitors,
thymidine and hydroxyurea arrested cells at the G1/S boundary and 87% of
the cells reached S phase 4 h after being released. RVD capacity changed
significantly during the cell cycle progression in cells synchronized by
shake-off technique. RVD capacity being at its highest in G1 phase and
lowest in S phase. The RVD capacity in G1 (shake-off cells sampled after
4 h of incubation), S (obtained by chemical arrest), and M cells
(selected under microscope) was 73, 33, and 58%, respectively, and the
time constants were 435, 769, and 2,000 sec, respectively. We conclude
that RVD capacity is actively modulated in the cell cycle and RVD may
play an important role in cell cycle progress. Copyright 2002
Wiley-Liss, Inc.
23
UI - 11865813
AU - Foo KF; Tan EH; Leong SS; Wee JT; Tan T; Fong KW; Koh L; Tai BC; Lian
TI -
LG; Machin D
Gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the
undifferentiated type.
SO - Ann Oncol 2002 Jan;13(1):150-6
AD - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore,
Singapore.
BACKGROUND: We conducted two parallel phase II trials in chemonaive and
previously treated patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
(NPC) to evaluate the tumour response, progression-free and overall
survival, and toxicity of gemcitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Gemcitabine
1250 mg/m2 was given on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Patients with an
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <2, adequate
renal, hepatic and bone marrow function, and radiologically measurable
NPC were eligible. RESULTS: Twenty-five chemonaive and 27 previously
treated patients were enrolled. The overall response rate was 28% [95%
confidence interval (CI) 14% to 48%] for the chemonaive and 48% (95% CI
31% to 66%) for previously treated patients. Toxicities greater than or
equal to grade 3 occurred in 15 (60%) chemonaive and 13 (48%) previously
treated patients. Neutropenia was uncommon in chemonaive patients, but
occurred in 37% of previously treated patients. The median time to
progression was 3.6 months (range 0.9-7.9) for chemonaive and 5.1 months
(0.9-13.1) for previously treated patients. Median overall survival time
was 7.2 months (1.4-15.6) and 10.5 months (2.4-15.0) for chemonaive and
previously treated patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine has
moderate activity in NPC with minimal toxicity, and is also an effective
salvage agent for patients who have failed or progressed after treatment
with other agents.
24
UI - 12142973
AU - Hietschold V; Kittner T; Appold S; Abolmaali N; Laniado M
TI -
MR perfusion measurement of contrast uptaking lesions: consideration of
T2* shortening due to interstitial contrast agent.
SO - Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2002 Aug;174(8):973-8
AD - Institut und Poliklinik fur Radiologische Diagnostik,
Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
Volker.Hietschold@mailbox.TU-Dresden.de
AIM: In MR perfusion measurements of contrast uptaking lesions, time
intensity curves are hampered by T 1 shortening as well as by the change
of T 2 * due to interstitial contrast material (CM). Using double echo
sequences, the influence of T 1 can be mathematically eliminated. For
correction of the T 2 * influence an empirical algorithm using
time-intensity-curves exclusively measured in the suspected lesion is
proposed. METHODS: The interstitial CM concentration is assumed to be
proportional to the change of the intensity for T E = 0 or to the change
of the relaxation rate DeltaR 1 respectively. The intravascular CM
concentration is estimated from DeltaR 2 *. It is adjusted to zero for a
time point sufficiently late after the bolus injection by subtraction of
the interstitial concentration. This method was applied to double echo
FLASH measurements on 15 pharyngeal tumors. RESULTS: The proposed
correction transforms the time dependence of the estimated intravascular
CM concentration into a plausible course. CONCLUSION: Double echo
perfusion measurements can be corrected for the interstitial CM induced
T 2 * shortening without additional measurements with proneness to
errors. This does not necessarily improve the diagnostic value, since
possibly "implied multivariate aspects" of uncorrected parameters (here:
contrast uptake of the lesion is related to tumor neoangiogenesis as
well) are eliminated.
25
UI - 11780335
AU - Yin L; Liao W; Deng X; Tang M; Gu H; Li X; Yi W; Cao Y
TI -
LMP1 activates NF-kappa B via degradation of I kappa B alpha in
nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 2001 Jul;114(7):718-22
AD - Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410078,
China.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanisms by which Epstein-Barr
virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 activates NF-kappa B in
nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: A tetracycline-regulated
LMP1-expressing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, Tet-on-LMP1-HNE2,
was used as the cell model. The kinetics of the expression of proteins,
including LMP1, I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta, was analyzed by
Western blotting. The subcellular localization of NF-kappa B (p65) was
detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The NF-kappa B
transactivity was studied by transient transfection and reporter gene
assay. RESULTS: I kappa B alpha was phosphorylated and degraded after
the inducible expression of LMP1, although the total protein levels
remained stable. The steady-state level of total I kappa B beta protein
may have resulted from the initiation of an autoregulation loop after
the activation of NF-kappa B. No change in the I kappa B beta level was
detected. NF-kappa B (p65) was translocated from the cytoplasm to the
nucleus following degradation of I kappa B alpha. After the introduction
of the dominant-negative mutant of I kappa B alpha (Del 71) into
Tet-on-LMP1-HNE2 cells, both nuclear translocation and transactivation
of NF-kappa B induced by LMP1 was significantly inhibited. CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicated that in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, LMP1
activated NF-kappa B via phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B
alpha, but not I kappa B beta. The dominant-negative mutant of I kappa B
alpha (Del 71) could completely inhibit both the nuclear translocation
and transactivation of NF-kappa B induced by LMP1.
26
UI - 12122716
AU - Mariette C; Fabre S; Balon JM; Patenotre P; Chevalier D; Triboulet JP
TI -
[Reconstruction after total circular pharyngolaryngectomy: comparison
between gastric interposition and free jejunal flap]
SO - Ann Chir 2002 Jun;127(6):431-8
AD - Service de chirurgie digestive et generale, hopital Claude-Huriez, CHRU
place de Verdun, 59037 Lille, France.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To elucidate hospital mortality, morbidity and
actuarial survival rates of patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx
and cervical oesophagus and to identify the technique of choice for
reconstruction after pharyngolaryngectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We
reviewed the records of 209 patients who underwent total
patients had advanced cancer: hypopharyngeal in 131 cases and cervical
oesophageal in 78 cases. Follow-up was complete for all patients. Chi 2
and log rank tests were used, with a limit of significance of 5%.
RESULTS: The postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 4.8% and
38.3%, respectively. Alimentary continuity was achieved using the
stomach (127 patients), colon (5 patients), or free jejunal autograft
(77 patients). The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 62% and 24%,
respectively. There was no significant difference with regard to the
survival between gastric transposition and free jejunal autograft, but
there were fewer complications in the gastric pull-up group with regard
to the respiratory complications (33% vs 47.0%, p < 0.05), local
recurrences (15.8% vs 33.8%, p = 0.004) and survival without dysphagia
(76% vs 89%, p < 10(-5)). CONCLUSION: Surgical ablation is a viable
option for advanced hypopharyngeal and cervical oesophageal neoplasms,
and stomach interposition is the preferred method of reconstruction.
27
UI - 12196925
AU - Ree HJ; Kikuchi M; Lee SS; Ohshima K; Yang WI; Ko YH; Cho EY; Rhee JC
TI -
Focal follicular features in tonsillar diffuse large B-cell lymphomas:
follicular lymphoma with diffuse areas or follicular colonization.
SO - Hum Pathol 2002 Jul;33(7):732-40
AD - Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea.
Focal follicular features in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are
bound to raise the question of follicular lymphoma (FL) with diffuse
areas, because the diagnosis of FL is based on the presence of
follicular areas, even though focal. We report 7 cases of primary
tonsillar DLBCLs with focal follicular features that presented with
morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biological features distinct from
those of FL. Histologically, these tumors were characterized by
involvement of pericryptal follicles with adjacent dominant diffuse
areas. Monomorphous large tumor cells were evenly spaced with abundant,
often clear cytoplasm, and blastoid nuclei often with a delicate nuclear
membrane. Importantly, residual germinal centers (GCs) were present in
the form of either an intrafollicular GC remnant or an isolated GC in
the midst of diffuse tumor. An extrafollicular and/or parafollicular
growth pattern was also observed. Bcl-6 staining revealed a
predominantly sporadic occurrence of Bcl-6(+) cells, comprising <50% of
tumor cells, and none displayed diffusely dense collections (>75%) of
Bcl-6(+) tumor cells characteristic of the GC or FL. Staining for CD10
was negative in 6 cases. Five of 7 patients were younger than 60, the
median age of other patients with primary tonsillar DLBCL. No
extratonsillar involvement was seen at 18 months after diagnosis. After
chemotherapy or radiotherapy, complete remission was achieved with ease
in all patients, but 2 patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone
relapsed at 24 and 30 months. In conclusion, tonsillar DLBCL includes a
small (10%) but distinct subgroup that warrants distinction from FL with
predominant diffuse areas or de novo DLBCL. It appears that the focal
follicular features in tonsillar DLBCL likely represent follicular
colonization of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, probably high-grade, if
the possibility of FL is excluded. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science
(USA). All rights reserved.
28
UI - 12098046
AU - Schilling MK; Eichenberger M; Maurer CA; Greiner R; Zbaren P; Buchler MW
TI -
Long-term survival of patients with stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer:
impact of fundus rotation gastroplasty.
SO - World J Surg 2002 May;26(5):561-5
AD - Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Bern,
Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
martin.schilling@uniklinik-saarland.de
Stage IV circular hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease with poor long-term
survival, and the only means of cure-surgery-is associated with high
morbidity. All patients admitted with circular hypopharyngeal cancer and
extension to the esophagus were enrolled in a multidisciplinary
treatment protocol, including circular laryngopharyngoesophagectomy with
tracheostomy, neck dissection, and pull-up of a fundus rotation gastric
tube that was anastomosed to the oropharynx. Five weeks postoperatively
high-dose radiotherapy (60 Gy) was given to the cervical region.
Altogether, 18 qualifying patients were explored cervically, were found
to have resectable lesions (i.e., without carotid artery infiltration),
and were included in the prot
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