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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma - September 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: September 1, 2002
- [Primary Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung. A case study and review of the literature]
- Engagement of ILT2/CD85j in Sezary syndrome cells inhibits their CD3/TCR signaling.
- Clonal T cell receptor gamma-chain gene rearrangement by PCR-based GeneScan analysis in the skin and blood of patients with parapsoriasis
- Primary cutaneous pleomorphic small T-cell lymphoma. A review of 11 cases. The French Study Group on Cutaneous Lymphomas.
- Is cutaneous T-cell lymphoma curable?
- Value of clonality studies of cutaneous T lymphocytes in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mycosis fungoides.
- CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with concurrent solid tumour.
- T-zone lymphoma with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature.
- Mycosis fungoides mimicking granuloma annulare.
- Familial mycosis fungoides.
- Coexistence of CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and mycosis fungoides.
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood: analysis of 72 patients treated on The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group chemotherapy
- T cell receptor gamma-chain gene polymerase chain reaction to diagnose central nervous system involvement by cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
- Peripheral T cell lymphoma presenting as dermatomyositis-like eruption.
- Sezary syndrome.
- EMMPRIN (CD 174) is expressed in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. An immunohistochemical study of 60 cases.
- Stage IV CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: response to acitretin and interferon-alpha.
- T cell receptor-Vbeta analysis identifies a dominant CD60+ CD26- CD49d- T cell clone in the peripheral blood of Sezary syndrome patients.
- Molecular biology of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
- Cutaneous lymphomas: which pathological classification?
- Treatment of late-stage Sezary syndrome with 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine.
- A chronic, enlarging patch.
- Total skin electron radiation in the management of mycosis fungoides: Consensus of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
- Childhood cutaneous natural killer/T lymphoma successfully treated with only one course of chemotherapy and incomplete tumor resection.
- A novel pediatric case of cutaneous pre-B lymphoblastic lymphoma.
- Chloroma (aleukaemic leukaemia cutis) initially diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma.
- Case 4: Pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp type) or unilesional mycosis fungoides (MF).
- Apoptosis and proliferation in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
- Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is associated with a poor outcome of nasal-type natural killer-cell lymphoma.
- Induction and characterization of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen on natural killer cells.
- Reactive polyclonal T-cell lymphocytosis mimicking Sezary syndrome in a patient with hairy cell leukemia.
- Mycosis fungoides in a painting by Lambert Lombard (1506-1566).
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11862770
AU - Beltran Beltran S; de Tomas Labat ME; Ferreras Fernandez P
TI -
[Primary Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of
the lung. A case study and review of the literature]
SO - An Med Interna 2001 Nov;18(11):587-90
AD - Servicio de Medicina Interna Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete.
Ki-l positive anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a
recently recognized entity, unusual and characterized by the expression
of CD30 antigen. The most usual clinical feature is peripheral
lymphadenopathy with mediastinal sparing and extranodal disease which
occurs in approximately half of the cases, with the skin as the most
common site; lung, bone marrow and central nervous system involvement
are uncommon. Therefore primary pulmonary Ki-l positive anaplastic large
cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are an uncommon clinical entity. Their
classification and clinical behaviour look like high grade malignancy
lymphomas, that in the most cases are presented in advanced stages
disease to the diagnostic. They are presented with higher incidence in
young people, where prognostic is more favourable. Clinical, morphologic
and inmunophenotypic features of this lymphoma type are reported.
2
UI - 12130517
AU - Nikolova M; Musette P; Bagot M; Boumsell L; Bensussan A
TI -
Engagement of ILT2/CD85j in Sezary syndrome cells inhibits their CD3/TCR
signaling.
SO - Blood 2002 Aug 1;100(3):1019-25
AD - INSERM 448 and Dermatology Department, Faculte de Medecine de Creteil,
Creteil, France.
Extensive phenotype analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
malignant cell lines revealed surface expression of receptors usually
not detected on normal circulating CD4(+)CD45RO(+) lymphocytes. We
previously found that CTCL malignant cells express the killer cell
immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) KIR3DL2/CD158k, whereas they fail to
express the other KIRs. In the present study, we report for the first
time that the CD85j/immunoglobulin (Ig)-like transcript 2 (ILT2)
receptor is found on Sezary cell lines and on circulating Sezary
malignant CD4(+) cells, while it is hardly detectable on circulating
CD4(+) lymphocytes from healthy individuals. We demonstrate that ILT2 is
functional on CTCL cells, as its triggering leads to the recruitment of
Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) and to the
specific inhibition of CTCL malignant cell proliferation induced by
CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Interestingly, we found that
separated CD4(+)ILT2(+) circulating malignant Sezary cells are less
susceptible to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-induced cell death
than autologous CD4(+)ILT2(-) lymphocytes. Therefore, the resistance to
apoptosis of Sezary cells may result from distinct mechanisms including
cytokine-induced high levels of bcl-2 and specific expression of
inhibitory receptors involved in lymphocyte survival.
3
UI - 12115881
AU - Klemke CD; Dippel E; Dembinski A; Ponitz N; Assaf C; Hummel M; Stein H;
TI -
Goerdt S
Clonal T cell receptor gamma-chain gene rearrangement by PCR-based
GeneScan analysis in the skin and blood of patients with parapsoriasis
and early-stage mycosis fungoides.
SO - J Pathol 2002 Jul;197(3):348-54
AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University
Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg,
Germany. Claus-Detlev.Klemke@haut.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and reactive T cell skin diseases
represent opposite ends of a spectrum of diseases ranging from overtly
malignant to persistently benign. Within this spectrum, the
parapsoriasis group is not clearly defined regarding malignant
potential. In contrast to consistent findings in advanced-stage CTCL,
clonality analysis of parapsoriasis has produced conflicting results in
previous studies. As T cell receptor gamma-chain polymerase chain
reaction GeneScan analysis (TCR-gamma-PCR-GSA) stands out by its
sensitivity, its accuracy in size determination of PCR products, its
capacity to identify false positives by repeated analysis and its easy
applicability, this approach was used to analyse the clonality status of
41 patients with borderline T cell lymphoproliferative skin diseases,
including parapsoriasis (n=27) and early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF)
(n=14). A monoclonal T cell infiltrate was demonstrated by repeated
TCR-gamma-PCR-GSA in lesional skin specimens in 19.2% of parapsoriasis
patients and in 66.6% of early-stage MF cases (p=0.013). In peripheral
blood, a monoclonal T cell population was found in a similar percentage
of parapsoriasis and of early-stage MF patients (26.7% versus 12.5%;
p=0.611). A detailed analysis of parapsoriasis subentities, namely small
and large plaque parapsoriasis, and parapsoriasis lichenoides, revealed
monoclonality in 2(6)/2(5), 3(14)/2(8) and 0(6)/0/(3) of the skin and
peripheral blood specimens, respectively. The high detection rate of
false positive cases by repeated analysis (20-37.5%) provides a
corrected perspective for the high rates of dominant T cell clones found
by others in the peripheral blood of such patients. From the results
obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn: firstly, CTCL is clearly
associated with detection of monoclonality, even in its early stages;
secondly, monoclonality is not a prerequisite for potential CTCL
precursor entities; and thirdly, recirculating malignant T cells
identical to the skin clone are not readily detected in parapsoriasis or
early-stage MF, but may rather indicate disease progression. Copyright
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4
UI - 7661602
AU - Friedmann D; Wechsler J; Delfau MH; Esteve E; Farcet JP; de Muret A;
TI -
Parneix-Spake A; Vaillant L; Revuz J; Bagot M
Primary cutaneous pleomorphic small T-cell lymphoma. A review of 11
cases. The French Study Group on Cutaneous Lymphomas.
SO - Arch Dermatol 1995 Sep;131(9):1009-15
AD - Department of Dermatology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France.
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Cutaneous pleomorphic small T-cell lymphoma is a
rare, recently recognized lymphoma, different from mycosis fungoides and
Sezary syndrome. Only a few cases have been reported and no treatment
modalities have been defined. We reviewed the clinical, histologic,
immunohistochemical, molecular biologic, and follow-up data of 11
primary cutaneous pleomorphic small T-cell lymphomas. RESULTS: The
lesions presented as red purplish nodules, tumors, or plaques. The
infiltrate consisted of small pleomorphic lymphoid cells without
epidermotropism in nine patients and with a propensity to infiltrate the
dermis and subcutaneous fat. Most cases were CD4+/CD8-. A T-cell clone
was detected in the skin lesions of nine patients tested. The mean
follow-up was 70.1 months and the median follow-up was 20 months. Ten
patients are alive with three having persistent lesions. Interferon
alfa-2a induced partial or complete remissions in five patients.
Interferon alfa-2a combined with a regimen containing doxorubicin
chlorhydrate induced a complete remission in a patient suffering a
relapse after cyclophosphamide and interferon alone. CONCLUSIONS:
Cutaneous pleomorphic small T-cell lymphoma is a well-defined type of
low-grade cutaneous lymphoma with favorable prognosis. Interferon and/or
chemotherapy are the treatment of choice in patients with large tumor
burden.
5
UI - 7661616
AU - Koh HK; Jacobson JO; Foss F; Lew RA
TI -
Is cutaneous T-cell lymphoma curable?
SO - Arch Dermatol 1995 Sep;131(9):1081-2
6
UI - 9602710
AU - Delfau-Larue MH; Petrella T; Lahet C; Lebozec C; Bagot M;
TI -
Roudot-Thoraval F; Dalac S; Farcet JP; Wechsler J
Value of clonality studies of cutaneous T lymphocytes in the diagnosis
and follow-up of patients with mycosis fungoides.
SO - J Pathol 1998 Feb;184(2):185-90
AD - Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hopital Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France.
Histological features of early mycosis fungoides (MF) can simulate
numerous inflammatory lesions and histological confirmation of MF is
often delayed, compared with clinical diagnosis. Recently, using
molecular techniques, the detection of a dominant T-lymphocyte clone has
been reported in cutaneous lesions of MF. The aim of the present study
was to determine the diagnostic value of a dominant T-lymphocyte clone
as assessed by PCR-DGGE in early MF. Histopathological and molecular
analyses were performed on cutaneous lesions from 104 patients
clinically suspected as having MF. In this population, the positive
predictive value of a PCR gamma(+) was 0.86. In addition, four of six
patients whose lesions were PCR gamma(+) (detectable dominant T-cell
clone) but not histologically MF progressed to MF within 2-48 months. In
order to evaluate the relevance of PCR gamma-DGGE in MF follow-up,
serial biopsies were performed in 24 patients. In 89 per cent of cases,
the presence or absence of a PCR gamma(+) was constant during the course
of the disease. When present, the DGGE imprint of PCR products was
case-specific. These data demonstrate the diagnostic value in MF of
T-lymphocyte clonality assessed by PCR gamma-DGGE on cutaneous lesions
and show that the technique can be used in MF follow-up to evaluate
residual disease with high specificity.
7
UI - 12072086
AU - Au WY; Yeung CK; Chan HH; Wong RW; Shek TW
TI -
CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with concurrent solid tumour.
SO - Br J Dermatol 2002 Jun;146(6):1091-5
AD - Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital,
Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. auwing@hotmail.com
Extranodal CD30+ T-cell lymphomas seldom carry classical t(2;5)
translocation and are usually anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase
protein negative. They cover a wide spectrum of histological and
clinical behaviour. The prognosis of CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
(CTCL) is good in the absence of nodal primary or disseminated disease.
These lesions can undergo spontaneous regression, and overlap with the
group of lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis. Although an increased
incidence of solid tumours has been reported in patients with CD30+
non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the skin, reports of concurrent malignancies are
rare in CD30+ CTCL. We report two patients with CD30+ CTCL who,
respectively, had concurrent disseminated gastric carcinoma and
bilateral ovarian teratoma. Despite an aggressive clinical and
histological appearance, both cases ran favourable clinical courses. The
CTCL responded completely to chemotherapy in one patient, who eventually
succumbed to gastric cancer. In the other patient, lesions regressed
spontaneously after bilateral oophorectomy. A possible relationship
between the lymphoma and the solid tumours is discussed.
8
UI - 12072087
AU - Kazakov DV; Kempf W; Michaelis S; Schmid U; Cogliatti S; Dummer R; Burg
TI -
G
T-zone lymphoma with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of
the literature.
SO - Br J Dermatol 2002 Jun;146(6):1096-100
AD - Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31,
8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is a rare subtype of nodal peripheral T-cell
lymphoma characterized by a clonal expansion of T-zone lymphocytes
accompanied by a proliferation of other T-zone constituents.
Non-specific cutaneous alterations are seen in about one-third of all
cases, but specific cutaneous involvement is extremely rare. We present
a case of TZL with secondary skin infiltration, review the literature on
cutaneous manifestations of TZL and discuss the differential diagnosis
of TZL.
9
UI - 12072089
AU - Jouary T; Beylot-Barry M; Vergier B; Paroissien J; Doutre MS; Beylot C
TI -
Mycosis fungoides mimicking granuloma annulare.
SO - Br J Dermatol 2002 Jun;146(6):1102-4
10
UI - 12072094
AU - Baykal C; Buyukbabani N; Kaymaz R
TI -
Familial mycosis fungoides.
SO - Br J Dermatol 2002 Jun;146(6):1108-10
11
UI - 12072011
AU - Kang SK; Chang SE; Choi JH; Sung KJ; Moon KC; Koh JK
TI -
Coexistence of CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and mycosis
fungoides.
SO - Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 May;27(3):212-5
AD - Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine,
University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including lymphomatoid papulosis,
mycosis fungoides and CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
overlap clinicopathologically and form part of a spectrum of
lymphoproliferative disorders. There have been several case reports of
these diseases coexisting. We describe a 59-year-old Korean man who
presented with a recurrent, solitary CD30+ ALCL of 25 years' duration as
well as patch stage mycosis fungoides of 11 years' duration. Such
occurrences may represent different clinical manifestations of the same
clonal T-cell abnormality, and provide further insight into the
pathogenesis of these related disorders.
12
UI - 12060115
AU - Williams DM; Hobson R; Imeson J; Gerrard M; McCarthy K; Pinkerton CR;
TI -
The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood: analysis of 72 patients
treated on The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group chemotherapy
regimens.
SO - Br J Haematol 2002 Jun;117(4):812-20
AD - Department of Paediatric Oncology, Addenbrookes NHS Trust, Hills Road,
Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. denise.williams@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
lymphoma (ALCL) were treated with short intensive multi-agent regimens
[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) 9000 and 9602]. Diagnosis was based on
morphological and immunophenotypic criteria. Treatment for stage I
disease consisted of eight courses (2 x vincristine, doxorubicin,
prednisolone; 2 x methotrexate; 2 x cytarabine, thioguanine; and 2 x
methotrexate etoposide). For stage II, III and non-central nervous
system (CNS) stage IV, two COPADM (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
prednisolone, methotrexate, vincristine), two CYM (cytarabine
methotrexate) and a COPADM was given. For CNS-positive disease,
treatment was intensified and contained methotrexate 8 g/m(2) and
cytarabine 3 g/m(2). Fifty-nine patients (82%) achieved a remission.
Thirteen of these relapsed, with a median time to relapse from the start
of treatment of 5 months (range 3-14). Relapse included a new site in
9/13 patients. The probabilities of overall and event free survival at 5
years were 65% (53-76%) and 59% (47-70%), respectively, with a median
follow up of 4.3 years. Mediastinal and visceral involvement at
presentation were found to be predictive of an increased risk of
failure.
13
UI - 11986404
AU - Taylor R; Vergilio JA; Shapiro M; Raizen D; Hunt J; McGrath C; Rook A;
TI -
Bagg A
T cell receptor gamma-chain gene polymerase chain reaction to diagnose
central nervous system involvement by cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
SO - J Mol Diagn 2002 May;4(2):118-20
AD - Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rat@mail.med.upenn.edu
The authors describe a patient who was suspected of having cutaneous T
cell lymphoma involvement of the brain despite repeatedly negative
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, inconclusive flow cytometry, and no
discrete lesion for brain biopsy. The diagnosis was made by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) analysis that showed a monoclonal T cell receptor
gamma-chain gene rearrangement in the CSF, identically sized to that
present in a skin biopsy specimen. Thus, PCR could be used early and
routinely to diagnose central nervous system spread of T cell lymphomas,
because of its potentially superior sensitivity and specificity to CSF
cytology.
14
UI - 12001001
AU - Rencic A; Laman S; Nousari HC
TI -
Peripheral T cell lymphoma presenting as dermatomyositis-like eruption.
SO - J Cutan Med Surg 2002 May-Jun;6(3):218-20
AD - Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: There are several conditions reported to mimic the cutaneous
manifestations of dermatomyositis, including lymphoproliferative
disorders. OBJECTIVE: This case report presents an unusual case of
peripheral T cell lymphoma mimicking dermatomyositis and discusses the
clinical and pathologic features that distinguish it from
dermatomyositis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 62-year-old woman presented with
a two-month history of a progressive painful cutaneous eruption and
interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray. Skin biopsy revealed peripheral
T cell lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy.
CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, a lymphoproliferative disorder must be
included in the differential diagnosis of a cutaneous
dermatomyositis-like eruption.
15
UI - 12182152
AU - White SM; Shah A
TI -
Sezary syndrome.
SO - Anaesthesia 2002 Aug;57(8):836-7
16
UI - 12174874
AU - Thorns C; Feller AC; Merz H
TI -
EMMPRIN (CD 174) is expressed in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large
cell lymphoma. An immunohistochemical study of 60 cases.
SO - Anticancer Res 2002 Jul-Aug;22(4):1983-6
AD - Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany.
thorns@patho.mu-luebeck.de
BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in tumor invasion and
metastatic spread. Expression of metalloproteinases is induced by the
extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Their activity
can be inhibited by several tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
(TIMP1-to-4). Whereas TIMP-1 expression is described for high-grade
malignant lymphomas and seems to be correlated with unfavourable
prognosis, there are no data on the expression of EMMPRIN in malignant
lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 60 cases of Hodgkin's
lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma for TIMP-1 and EMMPRIN
expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: EMMPRIN was expressed in
all but four cases. EMMPRIN and TIMP-1 were co-expressed in two-thirds
of the Hodgkin's lymphomas and anaplastic large cell lymphomas.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the expression of EMMPRIN in
malignant lymphoma. We speculate that EMMPRIN and TIMP-1 may be
important in the pathogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and
Hodgkin's disease.
17
UI - 12121400
AU - Ong C; Sullivan J; Hertzberg M; Stapleton K
TI -
Stage IV CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: response to acitretin and
interferon-alpha.
SO - Australas J Dermatol 2002 Aug;43(3):207-10
AD - Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales,
Australia. c_s__ong@hotmail.com
Retinoids and interferon (IFN)-alpha induce differentiation, affect cell
proliferation and alter various immune parameters. In combination, their
effects may be additive or even synergistic in the treatment of
malignancy. We present a 53-year-old woman with stage IV CD30+
anaplastic large cell lymphoma with brain, lung and skin involvement.
The patient had been on methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. After a
combination of oral acitretin 50 mg daily and IFN-alpha 3 million units
subcutaneously 3 times per week, the skin lesions cleared within 2
months, lung lesions by 5 months and brain lesions by 7 months. Although
we cannot exclude that methotrexate played a role in the development of
this lymphoma and that its withdrawal contributed to the clearance of
lesions, we propose that the patient's disease responded to the
combination of acitretin and IFN-alpha.
18
UI - 12164946
AU - Scala E; Narducci MG; Amerio P; Baliva G; Simoni R; Giovannetti A;
TI -
Silvestri L; Puddu P; De Pita O; Russo G
T cell receptor-Vbeta analysis identifies a dominant CD60+ CD26- CD49d-
T cell clone in the peripheral blood of Sezary syndrome patients.
SO - J Invest Dermatol 2002 Jul;119(1):193-6
19
UI - 12202671
AU - Kutok JL; Aster JC
TI -
Molecular biology of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic
large-cell lymphoma.
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Sep 1;20(17):3691-702
AD - Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115,
USA.
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) provides an excellent example of
how molecular insights into tumor pathogenesis are influencing and
improving tumor classification. ALCL was described initially as a
subtype of T-cell/null-cell lymphoma characterized by unusual tumor cell
morphology and the expression of CD30. However, it was soon recognized
that a subset of ALCLs contained chromosomal translocations involving
anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a novel receptor tyrosine kinase gene.
These rearrangements create chimeric genes encoding self-associating,
constitutively active ALK fusion proteins that activate a number of
downstream effectors, including phospholipase C-gamma, phosphoinositol
3'-kinase, RAS, and signal transducer and activator of transcription
proteins, all of which seem potentially important in cellular
transformation. Not all tumors classified as ALCLs have ALK
rearrangements and, conversely, ALK rearrangements occur in lymphomas of
widely varying morphology. Hence, only molecular markers can reliably
identify ALK+ ALCL. The importance of doing so is reflected by clinical
studies suggesting that ALK+ ALCLs have a significantly better prognosis
than other aggressive peripheral T-cell or B-cell lymphomas, including
ALK- ALCLs. The unique molecular pathogenesis of ALK+ ALCL is likely to
lead to novel therapeutic approaches directed at specific inhibition of
ALK or downstream effectors.
20
UI - 11902444
AU - Prince HM; O'Keefe R; McCormack C; Ryan G; Turner H; Waring P; Baker C
TI -
Cutaneous lymphomas: which pathological classification?
SO - Pathology 2002 Feb;34(1):36-45
AD - Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer
Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
mprince@petermac.unimelb.edu.au
Cutaneous lymphomas are rare and although some are a manifestation of
systemic lymphoma, the majority arise primarily from the skin. These
primary cutaneous lymphomas comprise predominantly T cell subtypes and
represent a wide spectrum of disorders. Pathologists can currently
choose to label these conditions according to three classifications
(REAL, EORTC or WHO) but each has shortcomings. Nonetheless, in an
attempt to unify the field, we would recommend that pathologists make
every attempt to categorise these conditions according to the WHO
classification. This classification can encompass all the conditions and
aligns the cutaneous lymphomas with the broader systemic
lymphoproliferative conditions.
21
UI - 12100691
AU - Bouwhuis SA; el-Azhary RA; McEvoy MT; Gibson LE; Habermann TM; Witzig
TI -
TE; Pittelkow MR
Treatment of late-stage Sezary syndrome with 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine.
SO - Int J Dermatol 2002 Jun;41(6):352-6
AD - Department of Dermatology and the Division of Hematology and Internal
Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
BACKGROUND: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), a purine adenosine analog,
is safe and effective chemotherapy for patients with hairy cell leukemia
and low-grade lymphomas. Adverse effects include neutropenia,
lymphocytopenia, and infectious complications. Our objective was to
evaluate the efficacy of 2-CdA (2-6 seven-day cycles) in the treatment
of late-stage, recalcitrant Sezary syndrome. METHODS: Retrospective
review of medical records of six patients with Sezary syndrome who had
global appearance, extent of erythroderma, size of lymph nodes,
pruritus, and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and absolute Sezary cell counts.
RESULTS: Two patients, both with stage III Sezary syndrome, whose
previous treatment consisted of only two modalities, responded well to
the treatment, with moderate to total clearing of erythroderma and
pruritus associated with a significant decrease in Sezary cell counts.
The other four patients had only a partial response (one patient) or no
response (three patients) to 2-CdA. The mortality rate was 50%. All
three patients died of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. However, only one
patient was receiving 2-CdA treatment when he died. The other two
patients died 8 and 9 weeks after the last 2-CdA cycle. This high
mortality rate is attributed to infectious complications after 2-CdA
treatment in patients with recalcitrant disease. CONCLUSION:
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine shows efficacy in stage III Sezary syndrome, but
it also carries a substantial risk of septic complications and
mortality. It can be used if no other suitable alternatives are
available. Caution should be exercised in all these patients regarding
skin care and avoidance of infections or sepsis.
22
UI - 12141069
AU - Meehan K
TI -
A chronic, enlarging patch.
SO - JAAPA 2002 Jun;15(6):10-2
AD - Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
23
UI - 12196745
AU - Jones GW; Kacinski BM; Wilson LD; Willemze R; Spittle M; Hohenberg G;
TI -
Handl-Zeller L; Trautinger F; Knobler R
Total skin electron radiation in the management of mycosis fungoides:
Consensus of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
Cancer (EORTC) Cutaneous Lymphoma Project Group.
SO - J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Sep;47(3):364-70
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Care Ontario, Hamilton, Canada.
Radiotherapy has been successfully implemented in the treatment of
mycosis fungoides (MF) for almost a century. With the development of the
modern linear accelerator, it has become possible to treat extended
areas of the skin with accelerated electrons. Total skin electron beam
radiation (TSEB) has been in use for several decades, and a number of
technical modifications have been made with the goals of optimizing dose
distribution and improving clinical outcome. Emerging evidence from
recent studies suggests an association between TSEB techniques and
efficacy in the treatment of MF. Based on this evidence, the European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Cutaneous Lymphoma
Project Group, in association with experts from radiotherapy centers in
North America, has reached a consensus on acceptable methods and
clinical indications for TSEB in the treatment of MF. The aims of this
report are to enhance accessibility of this highly efficacious treatment
modality to patients with MF and to provide a point of reference for
further clinical research.
24
UI - 11524256
AU - Miyazaki M; Lin YW; Okada M; Hamahata K; Kubota M
TI -
Childhood cutaneous natural killer/T lymphoma successfully treated with
only one course of chemotherapy and incomplete tumor resection.
SO - Haematologica 2001 Aug;86(8):883-4
25
UI - 11532634
AU - Biasotti S; Sementa AR; Zupo S; Nemelka O; Pistoia V; Garaventa A
TI -
A novel pediatric case of cutaneous pre-B lymphoblastic lymphoma.
SO - Haematologica 2001 Sep;86(9):997-8
26
UI - 12139667
AU - Beswick SJ; Jones EL; Mahendra P; Marsden JR
TI -
Chloroma (aleukaemic leukaemia cutis) initially diagnosed as cutaneous
lymphoma.
SO - Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Jun;27(4):272-4
AD - Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Birmingham B29 6JD, UK.
sam66@ic24.net
A 65-year-old man presented in 1997 with a nodule on his back; histology
showed apparent high grade T-cell lymphoma, treated after excision with
radiotherapy. He relapsed with lesions on the thigh and buttock in 1998
and was treated with CHOP chemotherapy with a complete response. Further
relapse occurred in 1999 with a nodule on his thigh again; he received
CNOP (doxorubicin substituted with mitozantrone). At no stage was there
clinical, bone marrow or radiological evidence of extra cutaneous
and violaceous nodules. Biopsies repeated with extensive
immunohistological staining diagnosed aleukaemic leukaemia cutis. Our
patient was diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) on the basis
of clinical and haemotoxylin & eosin appearances. The correct diagnosis
was made after extensive immunohistological studies (including myeloid
markers) of repeat biopsies. This case illustrates the importance of
diagnostic review in atypical CTCL. There is a high incidence of
progression to acute myeloid leukaemia.
27
UI - 12139699
AU - Palmer RA; Keefe M; Slater D; Whittaker SJ
TI -
Case 4: Pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp type) or unilesional
mycosis fungoides (MF).
SO - Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Jun;27(4):345-6
AD - Department of Dermatology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust,
Southampton SO14 0YG, UK. roypalmer@totalize.co.uk
28
UI - 12065776
AU - Sen F; Rassidakis GZ; Jones D; Medeiros LJ
TI -
Apoptosis and proliferation in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell
lymphoma.
SO - Mod Pathol 2002 Jun;15(6):625-31
AD - Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas, MD
Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL), designated
recently as a distinct clinicopathologic entity in the World Health
Organization Classification, is a neoplasm composed of cytotoxic T-cells
that preferentially involves subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Histologically, SPTCL is characterized by extensive karyorrhectic debris
and tumor necrosis suggesting that apoptotic mechanisms are involved in
its pathogenesis. We assessed the apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation
rate (PR) of 13 cases of SPTCL by TUNEL test and Ki-67 immunostaining,
respectively. We also immunohistochemically assessed for expression of
BCL-2 (anti-apoptosis), BAX (pro-apoptosis), and P53 and correlated the
results with apoptosis and proliferation. We detected a high AI (median
8.1%) in 11 cases of SPTCL, and 12 cases had low BCL-2 and high BAX
expression. BCL-2 expression inversely correlated with AI (P <.001) and
BAX (P <.001). We found a low PR (cutoff > or = 25%) in eight (61%)
cases. There was an inverse correlation between AI and PR (r = -.58, P
=.04). Ten cases were assessed for P53; immunostaining results were
heterogeneous but P53 expression correlated with large cell cytologic
features. Our findings demonstrate that SPTCLs have a high AI that may
be explained by differential expression of BCL-2 and BAX in the
neoplastic cells.
29
UI - 12139736
AU - Yoshino T; Nakamura S; Suzumiya J; Niitsu N; Ohshima K; Tsuchiyama J;
TI -
Shinagawa K; Tanimoto M; Sadahira Y; Harada M; Kikuchi M; Akagi T
Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is associated with a poor
outcome of nasal-type natural killer-cell lymphoma.
SO - Br J Haematol 2002 Aug;118(2):482-7
AD - Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. yoshino@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
Nasal and nasal-type natural killer (NK) lymphoma is a distinct
clinicopathological entity mostly associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
Cases that have widespread lesions are resistant to ordinary anti-cancer
therapy and take a highly aggressive course. To date, there are no
available data on the relationships between the localization, clinical
outcome and expression of adhesion molecules in such cases. We examined
the expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) in 52 cases of
NK-cell lymphoma. CLA was highly expressed in cutaneous cases. Also, the
CLA+ group (n=29) had a much worse prognosis than the CLA- group (n=23),
regardless of the primary site or clinical staging. Univariate analysis
identified some significant prognostic factors, and multivariate
analysis of these factors showed that the expression of CLA was an
independent prognostic indicator. In conclusion, the present findings
established that CLA is an independent and important prognostic factor
in patients with NK-cell lymphomas.
30
UI - 12139761
AU - Tsuchiyama J; Yoshino T; Toba K; Harada N; Nishiuchi R; Akagi T;
TI -
Furukawa T; Takahashi M; Fuse I; Aizawa Y; Harada M
Induction and characterization of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen on
natural killer cells.
SO - Br J Haematol 2002 Aug;118(2):654-62
AD - First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of
Medicine, 1-754 Asahi-machi, Niigata 951, Japan. j-tutti@nifty.com
Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) has been reported to be expressed
mainly by memory/effector T lymphocytes infiltrating inflammatory skin
lesions and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It has been suggested that CLA is
a specific homing receptor, facilitating the T-cell migration into skin
lesions, and also an indicator of the skin-homing T-cell subset. In the
present study, we investigated the expression of CLA in natural killer
(NK) cells defined phenotypically as surface CD3- and CD56+ cells in
peripheral blood. CLA was definitely expressed on CD3-CD56+ cells at a
level comparable to CD3+ cells in peripheral blood of normal Japanese
volunteers. After in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear
cells with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-12, there was a significant
increase in the number and percentage of CLA+ NK cells but not CLA+ T
cells (P < 0.01). To analyse the characteristics of CLA expressed by NK
cells, we investigated a CLA+ NK-leukaemia cell line, NK-YS, established
from a patient with NK leukaemia/lymphoma with skin infiltration. In the
in vitro study, the CLA-expressing NK-leukaemic cell line bound to
E-selectin-transfected cells and was inhibited by HECA 452 antibody or
neuraminidase treatment of leukaemic cells. These findings suggest that
CLA expressed by NK cells is a homing receptor for the E-selectin
molecule and may explain skin infiltration by NK cells and NK lymphoma
cells analogous to T cells. An NK-cell subset expressing CLA must play
an important role in host defence against microorganisms and neoplasms
in skin lesions.
31
UI - 11602434
AU - Wulf GG; Schulz H; Hallermann C; Kunze E; Wormann B
TI -
Reactive polyclonal T-cell lymphocytosis mimicking Sezary syndrome in a
patient with hairy cell leukemia.
SO - Haematologica 2001 Oct;86(10):E27
32
UI - 12145445
AU - Dequeker J; Degreef H; Busschots AM; Mallia C
TI -
Mycosis fungoides in a painting by Lambert Lombard (1506-1566).
SO - Dermatology 2002;205(1):78-9
AD - Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Belgium.
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