- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Screening and Prevention of Digestive Cancers - October 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: October 1, 2002
- Estrogen and colon cancer: current issues.
- Protective effect of dietary fibers against colorectal carcinoma.
- Oral contraceptives, reproductive factors and p53 gene expression in colorectal cancer.
- Role of surgery in the prophylaxis of hereditary cancer syndromes.
- Tea consumption and the reduced risk of colon cancer -- results from a national prospective cohort study.
- Intake of dietary folate vitamers and risk of colorectal carcinoma: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study.
- Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy.
- Sigmoidoscopy and the periodic health examination.
- Screening for colorectal cancer. Scoop, 'scope, or skip?
- Flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy. Safe and effective for family practice.
- Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Colonoscopy as a screening test for colorectal cancer in average-risk individuals.
- Can reflux prevention prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma?
- What influences family physicians' cancer screening decisions when practice guidelines are unclear or conflicting?
- Are we doing enough to screen for colorectal cancer? Findings from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
- Prevention and chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasms.
- Periodic health examination, 1994 update: 2. Screening strategies for colorectal cancer. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health
- Reducing colorectal cancer through faecal occult blood screening: review of the evidence.
- Dietary and serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol, and risk for colorectal cancer in male smokers.
- [Reflux, smoking, alcohol. Approach to prevention of esophageal carcinoma]
- Epidemiology and screening of colorectal cancer.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11974557
AU - al-Azzawi F; Wahab M
TI -
Estrogen and colon cancer: current issues.
SO - Climacteric 2002 Mar;5(1):3-14
AD - Gynaecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building,
Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE2 7LX, UK.
Carcinoma of the colon is common and its incidence varies according to
the geographical location and dietary habits. The aims of this paper
are, first, to review the current epidemiological data on the incidence
and mortality of colon cancer in postmenopausal women using hormone
replacement therapy (HRT); second, to review the published data on the
prevalence of estrogen receptors in healthy and malignant colonic
tissue; and third, to examine the available evidence of gene silencing
as applicable to this and other neoplastic conditions. Estrogen use
confers overall protection, with a reduction in the incidence of colon
adenoma and carcinoma of about 30%. Estrogen use reduces the colon
cancer-related mortality. The risk of colon cancer is decreased among
current and recent users of postmenopausal HRT but the molecular
mechanisms involved remain unclear. Estrogen acts either on a single
major transformation step in the oncogenetic process, or is involved in
multiple events that avert the course of this transformation. Aberrant
methylation of the CpG islands in the promoter regions of the estrogen
receptor gene, as well as of other genes, is equivalent to the silencing
of that gene, with the consequence of inactivation, or reduced
expression, of a number of genes downstream, including tumor suppressor
genes. This epigenetic mechanism, when reversed, suppresses the growth
of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The ubiquitous distribution of the
estrogen receptor genes and their isoforms, in a tissue-specific manner,
opens new avenues for the understanding of cellular behavior in health
and disease.
2
UI - 12148400
AU - Mia MA; Siddiqui MN; Rukunuzzaman M; Rahman MM; Deb K
TI -
Protective effect of dietary fibers against colorectal carcinoma.
SO - Mymensingh Med J 2002 Jan;11(1):54-6
Dietary fibers are remnant of plant cells resistant to hydrolysis by
human alimentary tract enzymes. These are cellulose, hemicellulose,
lignin, pectins and gums. Intake of dietary fibers or foods rich in
dietary fibers decreases the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. Reduced
risk of colorectal carcinoma is reported when populations with diet high
in red meat and total fats switched to a diet high in total fibers and
certain whole grain, goods. Fibre intake is also inversely related to
mortality from colorectal carcinoma. Beneficial influence of most
vegetables and fruits against colorectal carcinoma is confirmed and this
is due to their fibre contents.
3
UI - 9111225
AU - Freedman AN; Michalek AM; Troisi R; Mettlin CJ; Petrelli NJ; Asirwatham
TI -
JE; Caporaso N
Oral contraceptives, reproductive factors and p53 gene expression in
colorectal cancer.
SO - Carcinogenesis 1997 Apr;18(4):855-6
AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD, USA.
Protective effects of oral contraceptives and high parity on the
development of colorectal cancer have been hypothesized. However, the
epidemiological data are inconsistent. This inconsistency may be due in
part to the biological heterogeneity of colorectal tumors. A recent
investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrated an association
between lack of p53 expression and oral contraceptive use. We
investigated the relationship between oral contraceptive use and other
reproductive factors with p53 over-expression in 64 post-menopausal
women, 45-86 years of age, with non-familial colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Fifty per cent (32/64) of colorectal tumors displayed nuclear
over-expression of p53 protein. Women with a history of oral
contraceptive use were significantly less likely to have p53 positive
(+) tumors than women who never used oral contraceptives (P = 0.02). In
contrast, tumors from women who had never been pregnant were more likely
to be p53 + compared to tumors from parous women (P = 0.10). These data
suggest that oral contraceptive use and pregnancy are associated with a
p53 independent pathway in the development of colorectal cancer.
4
UI - 12167572
AU - Roukos DH; Kappas AM; Tsianos E
TI -
Role of surgery in the prophylaxis of hereditary cancer syndromes.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2002 Aug;9(7):607-9
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
UI - 12003653
AU - Su LJ; Arab L
TI -
Tea consumption and the reduced risk of colon cancer -- results from a
national prospective cohort study.
SO - Public Health Nutr 2002 Jun;5(3):419-25
AD - Stanley S Scott Cancer Center and Departments of Public Health and
Preventive Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,
1600 Canal Street, Suite 800, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. lsu@lsuhsc.edu
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between tea consumption
and colon cancer risk in the US population. DESIGN: Data from the NHANES
I Epidemiologic Follow-up study (NHEFS) were used to examine the
hypothesis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the
hypothesis of a protective effect of frequent tea consumption on colon
cancer occurrence. SETTING: Due to differences in the precision of the
exposure data, we analysed two cohort periods based on the NHEFS. Cohort
I was based on the survey conducted at the NHEFS baseline and Cohort II
began at the first follow-up. SUBJECTS: After excluding non-incidence
cases and cases lost to follow-ups, there were 2359 tea users and 6498
non-tea users at baseline and 7656 tea users and 4514 non-tea users at
the first follow-up. RESULTS:: After adjusting for confounders, the
relative risks of colon cancer are 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI)
0.42, 0.78) and 0.59 (95% 1.00) for subjects who consumed
UI - 12237910
AU - Konings EJ; Goldbohm RA; Brants HA; Saris WH; van den Brandt PA
TI -
Intake of dietary folate vitamers and risk of colorectal carcinoma:
results from The Netherlands Cohort Study.
SO - Cancer 2002 Oct 1;95(7):1421-33
AD - Inspectorate for Health Protection and Veterinary Public Health,
's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Erik.Konings@kvw.nl
BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported inverse associations between
folate intake and colorectal carcinoma risk. Few were prospective
studies and none evaluated the association between the intake of
individual folate vitamers and colorectal carcinoma risk. METHODS: The
aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between
dietary folate intake and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in a large
prospective cohort study in The Netherlands comprising 120,852 men and
women aged 55-69 years. After 7.3 years of follow-up, 760 colon and 411
rectal carcinoma cases were available for analysis. Data processing and
analysis used the case-cohort approach. A new Dutch database was used to
estimate intakes of total and individual folate vitamers. RESULTS:
Analyses adjusted for age, energy intake, family history of colorectal
carcinoma, alcohol, vitamin C, iron, and dietary fiber intake yielded an
inverse association between colon carcinoma risk and total dietary
folate intake (rate ratio [RR]highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.73;
95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.17, P trend = 0.03; women: 0.68;
95% CI, 0.39-1.20, P trend = 0.18). An inverse association between
rectal carcinoma and total dietary folate intake was found only among
men (RR highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.35-1.21, P
trend = 0.03). Analyses showed no clear difference in colorectal
carcinoma risk associated with intake of different folate vitamers.
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary folate intake was related inversely to colon and
male rectal carcinoma risk. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI
10.1002/cncr.10866
UI - 12354487
AU - Beral V; Banks E; Reeves G
TI -
Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone
replacement therapy.
SO - Lancet 2002 Sep 21;360(9337):942-4
AD - Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Gibson Building, Radcliffe
Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK.
CONTEXT: Over the past few decades hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has
been used increasingly by post-menopausal women in western countries.
The need for objective data on long-term effects prompted the setting up
of randomised trials to compare cancer and cardiovascular disease
endpoints in HRT users and non-users. With the early termination of part
of the Women's Health Initiative trial (JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33), it is
timely to review the evidence from such studies. STARTING POINT: Four
randomised trials including over 20000 women followed up for 4.9 years,
on average, have now reported on the effect of HRT for major,
potentially fatal, conditions. Overall, HRT users had a significantly
increased incidence of breast cancer, stroke, and pulmonary embolism; a
significantly reduced incidence of colorectal cancer and fractured neck
of femur; but no significant change in endometrial cancer or coronary
heart disease.There was no significant variation across the trials in
the results for any condition. Three trials had recruited women with
previous cardiovascular disease and the fourth, the Women's Health
Initiative, had recruited healthy women.Combined oestrogen/progestagen
HRT was used in three trials and oestrogen alone in one. Use of HRT over
a 5-year period by healthy postmenopausal women in western countries is
estimated to cause an extra breast cancer,stroke, or pulmonary embolus
in about 6 per 1000 users aged 50-59 and 12 per 1000 aged 60-69. Over
the same period, the estimated reduction in incidence of colorectal
cancer or fractured neck of femur is 1.7 per 1000 users aged 50-59 and
5.5 per 1000 aged 60-69. The increased incidence of any one of these
conditions is greater than any reduction, the estimated net excess over
5 years being 1 per 230 users aged 50-59, and 1 per 150 aged 60-69.
WHERE NEXT: Substantial new data should soon be available from
randomised trials of oestrogen-alone HRT versus placebo, whereas few
additional trial data on combined HRT are expected for about a decade.
Existing randomised trials are too small to describe reliably the effect
of HRT on important but rarer conditions, such as ovarian cancer, or on
cause-specific mortality. Nor will they provide information about other
types of oestrogen or progestagen. Answers to such questions will
require judicious analysis and interpretation of data from observational
studies.
UI - 2804822
AU - Kandel G
TI -
Sigmoidoscopy and the periodic health examination.
SO - CMAJ 1989 Nov 15;141(10):1032-4
UI - 8219831
AU - Dixon T
TI -
Screening for colorectal cancer. Scoop, 'scope, or skip?
SO - Can Fam Physician 1993 Sep;39():1863-6, 1871-5
UI - 8219841
AU - Moran JA
TI -
Flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy. Safe and effective for family
practice.
SO - Can Fam Physician 1993 Sep;39():1927-34
AD - Department of Family Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy can detect malignancy, polyps, and
other common diseases of the large bowel when they are distal to the
splenic flexure. The procedure is safe and not painful when correctly
performed. Family physicians could play an important role in the earlier
diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer by adding the procedure to
their repertoire.
UI - 12230667
AU - Delaney B; Moayyedi P; Forman D
TI -
Helicobacter pylori infection.
SO - Clin Evid 2002 Jun;(7):414-28
AD - Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
UI - 12233928
AU - Swaroop VS; Larson MV
TI -
Colonoscopy as a screening test for colorectal cancer in average-risk
individuals.
SO - Mayo Clin Proc 2002 Sep;77(9):951-6
AD - Division of Area General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
55905, USA. vege.santhi@mayo.edu
Screening for colorectal cancer has become the standard of care and is
currently recommended by most major health organizations, including the
American Cancer Society. Randomized controlled trials using fecal occult
blood testing as the screening strategy have shown a reduction in
mortality due to colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancer differs
from other cancers in that a variety of screening tests have been
approved and recommended by experts. The advantages and disadvantages of
different screening tests have been the subject of intense debate.
Colonoscopy has theoretical advantages over other screening tests,
including direct visualization of the entire colon and, more
importantly, removal of precancerous adenomatous lesions. This review
discusses the advantages and disadvantages of colonoscopy as a screening
test for colorectal cancer with regard to efficacy, cost-effectiveness,
and patient compliance.
UI - 12227338
AU - Conio M; Cameron A; Spechler S; Peters JH
TI -
Can reflux prevention prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma?
SO - Gastrointest Endosc 2002 Sep;56(3):457-61
UI - 12366894
AU - Tudiver F; Guibert R; Haggerty J; Ciampi A; Medved W; Brown JB; Herbert
TI -
C; Katz A; Ritvo P; Grant B; Goel V; Smith P; O'Beirne M; Williams JI;
Moliner P
What influences family physicians' cancer screening decisions when
practice guidelines are unclear or conflicting?
SO - J Fam Pract 2002 Sep;51(9):760
AD - Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Box
70621, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA. tudiverf@etsu.edu
OBJECTIVES: To determine (a) the respondents' perceptions of 4 unclear
or conflicting cancer screening guidelines: prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) for men over 50, mammography for women 40-49, colorectal screening
by fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), and colonoscopy for patients over
40; and (b) the influence of various factors on the decision to order
these tests. STUDY DESIGN: National Canadian mail survey of randomly
selected family physicians. POPULATION: Family physicians in active
practice (n=565) selected from rural and urban family medicine sites in
5 provinces representing the main regions in Canada. OUTCOME MEASURED:
Agreement with guideline statements, and decision to order screening
test in 6 clinical vignettes. RESULTS: Of 565 surveys mailed, 351
(62.1%) were returned. Most respondents agreed with the Canadian Task
Force recommendations, and most believed that various guidelines for 3
of the 4 screens were conflicting (PSA 86.6%; mammography 67.5%; FOBT
62.4%). Patient anxiety about cancer, patient expectations of being
tested, and a positive family history of cancer increased the odds that
the 4 tests would be ordered. A good quality patient-MD relationship
decreased the odds of ordering a mammogram. Screening decisions were
also significantly influenced by the respondents' beliefs about whether
screening was recommended and whether screening could cause more harm
than good. A physician's sensitivity to his or her colleagues' practice
influenced screening decisions regarding PSA and mammography.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a conceptual framework for
understanding the determinants of screening behavior when guidelines are
unclear or conflicting.
UI - 12366896
AU - Seeff LC; Shapiro JA; Nadel MR
TI -
Are we doing enough to screen for colorectal cancer? Findings from the
1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
SO - J Fam Pract 2002 Sep;51(9):761-6
AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE,
Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. lvs3@cdc.gov
OBJECTIVES: To estimate current rates of use of fecal occult blood
testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy; to determine whether
test use varies by demographic factors; and to compare 1999 rates of use
with 1997 rates. STUDY DESIGN: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System is an ongoing, state-based random-digit-dialed telephone survey
of the US population that collects various health behavior information,
including the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests.
POPULATION: In 1999, 63,555 persons 50 years of age or older responded
to questions regarding FOBT and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. OUTCOMES
MEASURED: The proportion of survey respondents reporting having had FOBT
and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy at any time; and the proportion reporting
having had FOBT and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy within recommended time
intervals. Data were recorded for the years 1997 and 1999, and analyzed
according to various demographic factors. RESULTS: In 1999, 40.3% of
respondents reported having had an FOBT at some time, and 43.8% reported
having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Regarding recent test use,
20.6% of respondents reported having had an FOBT within the year, and
33.6% reported having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within the past
5 years. Some demographic variation was noted. In 1997, 19.6% reported
having had an FOBT within the year, and 30.3% reported having had a
sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy within the past 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Use
of CRC screening tests increased only slightly from 1997 to 1999. Usage
remains low, despite consensus that screening for CRC reduces mortality
from the disease. Efforts to promote awareness of, and screening for,
CRC must intensify.
UI - 11926575
AU - Ponz D
TI -
Prevention and chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasms.
SO - Dig Liver Dis 2002 Jan;34(1):59-69
AD - Department of Medical, Oncological and Radiological Science, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. deleon@unimo.it
Main purpose of the review is to analyse the impact of the current
approaches for colorectal cancer prevention, including chemoprevention.
Available evidence does not support the contention that a more
appropriate diet can be of great help in the prevention of these
neoplasms, either because the scientific evidence is poor and highly
controversial, or because changes in diet are difficult to implement, at
least in many Western countries. Similarly, a preventive approach based
on the modification of lifestyle remains improbable, either in the short
--or in the long period of time. Secondary prevention--i.e., the
systematic removal of adenomatous polyps--can hardly be applied in the
general population, with the exception of individuals at risk because
members of families with Adenomatosis coli or Lynch syndrome, or
affected by inflammatory bowel diseases. Finally, chemoprevention (i.e.,
the attempt to prevent tumour development through the administration of
drugs or natural compounds that interfere with various phases of
carcinogenesis) is still in its infancy Though attractive, this approach
requires well-designed studies which should be carried out for years
before being evaluated and interpreted; so far most of these
investigations gave inconsistent or controversial results. In
conclusion, both primary and secondary prevention of colorectal
malignancies appear difficult to apply in the general population, and
chemoprevention is still at the beginning of a (presumably] long story.
The final impression is that notwithstanding the remarkable advancements
made in the last two decades in colorectal cancer research, the
practical application of these new concepts remains difficult.
UI - 7980760
AU - Solomon MJ; McLeod RS
TI -
Periodic health examination, 1994 update: 2. Screening strategies for
colorectal cancer. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health
Examination.
SO - CMAJ 1994 Jun 15;150(12):1961-70
AD - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ont.
OBJECTIVE: To make recommendations on the effectiveness of screening for
colorectal cancer in asymptomatic patients over 40 years of age.
OPTIONS: Multiphase screening that begins with test for fecal occult
blood, uniphase screening with sigmoidoscopy and uniphase screening with
colonoscopy. Options included screening repeated at different intervals
and different procedures for patients with selected risk factors.
OUTCOMES: Rates of death, death from cancer and cancer detection;
compliance, feasibility and accuracy of each manoeuvre. EVIDENCE: A
with the use of MeSH terms "screening" and "colorectal neoplasia," a
check with the reference sections of review articles published before
according to the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination
levels of evidence. VALUES: The highest value was assigned to manoeuvres
that lowered the rate of death from cancer and had a low rate of
false-positive results and acceptable cost and compliance.
Recommendations were determined by consensus of the authors, members of
the task force and colorectal cancer experts. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS:
There is evidence that annual fecal occult blood testing with the use of
the rehydrated Hemoccult test has a small but significant benefit in
lowering the rate of death from cancer after more than 10 years of
screening; however, the high rate of false-positive results (9.8%) and
the poor sensitivity of annual (49%) and biennial (38%) screening make
this a poor method for detecting colorectal cancer. There is fair
evidence that screening with sigmoidoscopy may improve survival rates;
however, this may be due to volunteer bias. The high cost of and poor
compliance with colonoscopic screening make this an unfeasible strategy.
UI - 11572568
AU - La Vecchia C
TI -
Reducing colorectal cancer through faecal occult blood screening: review
of the evidence.
SO - Dig Liver Dis 2001 Aug-Sep;33(6):445-8
AD - Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
epidemiology@marionegri.it
UI - 12080400
AU - Malila N; Virtamo J; Virtanen M; Pietinen P; Albanes D; Teppo L
TI -
Dietary and serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol, and risk
for colorectal cancer in male smokers.
SO - Eur J Clin Nutr 2002 Jul;56(7):615-21
AD - National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health
Promotion, Helsinki, Finland. nea.malila@cancer.fi
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between dietary and serum
antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and risk for colorectal cancer in
male smokers. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study within a randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial testing supplementation with
alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/day), beta-carotene (20 mg/day) or both in
preventing cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants of the
Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study with complete
dietary data and serum samples available from baseline. These included
26,951 middle-aged male smokers among whom 184 colorectal cancer cases
were diagnosed during 8 y of follow-up. Relative risks were calculated
with Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for trial
supplementation, age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, cigarettes
smoked per day and physical activity. RESULTS: There was no significant
association between dietary vitamin C or E, alpha-or gamma-tocopherol,
retinol, alpha- or beta-carotene, lycopene or lutein+zeaxanthin and risk
for colorectal cancer. Serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene or retinol
was also not associated with the risk, neither did the season when
baseline blood was drawn modify the relationship between serum
beta-carotene and colorectal cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support
the results from previous studies in which no association between
dietary antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and risk for colorectal
cancer has been observed. Likewise, no association between baseline
serum antioxidant concentrations and colorectal cancer risk was evident.
SPONSORSHIP: The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
was supported by a contract with the US National Cancer Institute
(N01-CN-45165).
UI - 12198874
AU - Rotthauwe J; Lingenfelser T; Malfertheiner P
TI -
[Reflux, smoking, alcohol. Approach to prevention of esophageal
carcinoma]
SO - MMW Fortschr Med 2002 Jul 11;144(27-28):26-31
AD - Abteilung fur Innere Medizin, Universitatsklinik Magdeburg.
jens.rotthauwe@gmx.de
In western industrialized countries, esophageal cancer is a rare entity.
While smoking and alcohol are the major risk factors for squamous cell
carcinoma, the most important etiological factor for adenocarcinoma is
Barrett's esophagus caused by gastro-esophageal reflux. Over the past
few decades there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of
adenocarcinoma. The prognosis for both types of esophageal cancer is
poor, with a 5-year survival rate of < 10%. Only early stages have a
good prognosis. While prevention of squamous cell carcinoma is limited
to avoiding drinking and smoking, prevention of adenocarcinoma requires
endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus and the treatment of any
dysplasia arising in it.
UI - 11969233
AU - Faivre J; Bouvier AM; Bonithon-Kopp C
TI -
Epidemiology and screening of colorectal cancer.
SO - Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2002 Apr;16(2):187-99
AD - Faculte de Medecine Registre Associe, INSERM-InVS, EPI INSERM 0106,
Dijon Cedex, 21079, France.
Knowledge of the descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer is
essential to a better understanding of the aetiology of the disease and
the development of screening strategies. Considerable research efforts
have been launched over the last 15 years to evaluate the ability of
screening tests to decrease the incidence and mortality of colorectal
cancer. This chapter provides a worldwide update of the incidence of
colorectal cancer and reviews the evidence for screening for colorectal
cancer based on published studies. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
