Oral chemotherapy

Cyclophosphamide kills cancer cells through a process called alkylation. Alkylation damages the DNA of cells, which prevents them from dividing and causes them to die. Since cancer cells divide faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to this damage.

A kinase is an enzyme that promotes cell growth. There are many types of kinases, which control different phases of cell growth. By blocking a certain enzyme from working, this medication can slow the growth of cancer cells. Axitinib is a type of targeted therapy called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks VEGF. This means it works by targeting receptors present on the cancer cells. VEGF receptors are responsible for angiogenesis, or the development of new blood vessels by and for the tumor, so blocking these receptors attacks the tumor's source of nutrients.

Capecitabine interferes with DNA production. This stops cell growth and division, resulting in the slowing or stopping of cancer growth. Since cancer cells, in general, divide faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to this damage.