Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome

Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancer. Radiation kills cancer cells but can also affect healthy cells within the treatment field. Radiation can cause your body to make more fibrin. Fibrin is a protein found in the body that builds up over time and causes tissue damage. This damage can cause radiation fibrosis, which can affect any tissues in the radiation field. This damage can cause:

• Shortening of tissues.
• Contracture and atrophy (wasting) of muscle.
• Bones becoming weak and brittle.
• Nerve damage (neuropathy).
• Head and neck lymphedema (swelling).

What are the signs and symptoms?

The signs and symptoms of radiation fibrosis are called radiation fibrosis syndrome (RFS). You may notice signs and symptoms of RFS weeks to years after treatment. These symptoms may get worse over time. If radiation was part of your head and neck cancer treatment, you are at a higher risk of getting radiation fibrosis syndrome (RFS).

What are the side effects of RFS?

Some of the side effects of RFS are:

• Trismus: Not being able to fully open your mouth.
• Cervical Dystonia: Neck pain and tightness.
• Lymphedema: Swelling in the head and neck.
• Dysphagia: Trouble with speech and swallowing.

How is RFS treated?

The treatment for RFS is based on the symptoms and side effects you are having. Treatment for RFS may include:

• Physical therapy.
• Occupational therapy.
• Speech and swallow therapy.
• Surgery.

Cancer rehabilitation specialists can help manage radiation fibrosis, but these specialists are not available everywhere. Speak with your provider about any symptoms you are having so that you can make a treatment plan together.